« An Invitation to TPM for Another Discussion of Faith | Zipperupus's Blog | Rant On »

Eschatology: It's What's For Dinner


The fuel that feeds terrorist violence has a spiritual dimension. That dimension is eschatology, or the belief in end times. This belief is pan-cultural and a natural outgrowth of manichean thinking aided by fear and despair. The belief in the imminent end of the world, especially as a capstone to a period of violent upheavals, corrodes ethical thinking and promotes narrow tribal solidarity. I would also posit that eschatology is the thread that holds cults together, because the foundation of militance and orthodoxy allows for the "outside threat" of evil to outweigh the "inside threat" of losing one's freedom and personality. I also believe that there is a host of end-times "dogwhistles" used by politicians and charismatic movement leaders that communicate certain notions directly to those versed in millenial jargon that also appeals to anyone who feels vaguely threatened by change. This may be a large part of the reason why a certain percentage of voters are reliably conservative, rally themselves around wedge issues, and are immune to positive ideas about the future.

I began thinking about this issue more than a decade ago after the Heaven's Gate mass suicide. The seed that was planted in my mind at that time is that most belief systems not only have a beginning, but also have an end. There are very few circular spiritual constructs, and even those (such as Hinduism or Teutonic mythology) are marked by violent destruction with a new age rising from the ashes (the Kali Yuga or Ragnarok, for example). I supposed at the time that there is a correlation between irrational violence and the immanence of the eschaton. The closer to the present an individual or a group believes the end of the world, the more marked the violence... and the violence will reflect their belief system. I supposed that these kinds of beliefs can only serve to dissociate an individual from their environment and create an outlet for the expression of misery, transmuting despair into euphoric zeal.

The Dead Sea Scrolls, for example, contain a "War Scroll" whereby an apocalypse is described, sides are declared, and tactics are outlined. This same mindset informs members of the racist Church of the Creator, that describes a holy race war of the pure Aryans versus the mud people with their corrupt and sinister values. Apply the same criterion to the NWO conspiracy theorists, who see a global conspiracy of Luciferian Illuminati who control the ebb and flow of society in order to implement a one-world government. Not only do each of these emphasis a band of true believers standing against the vanguard of evil, but they also emphasis the spiritual value of warfare and the impermanence of the physical body. What matters is one's spiritual ledger, where even the most violent and depraved of acts are done for the good of promoting their particular vision of the future.

Eschatology even informs certain domestic and foreign politics. The evangelical support of Israel, for example, is based on the belief that the second temple must be rebuilt as a precursor to the rapture. Michelle Bachmann stokes the fear of a one-world currency for a reason: it is a dogwhistle for evangelicals and America-firsters. While Islam believes in a day of judgment, Wahhabism pushes the envelope and believes that the end of the world is fast-approaching, and only the pure will survive Allah's judgment.

Belief in and hope for the end of the world is a natural consequence of fear, misery, despair, and helplessness. All of these factors are reinforced by the modern media, which transforms history into an observable phenomenon that operates on its own like theatre. When the phenomenon is observed with the filter of eschatology, a pattern emerges that lends credibility to your thinking. The murder of a spouse indicates the overall decline of family values. Terrorism is seen as the global struggle of good versus evil. President Obama is the antichrist foretold in the Book of Revelations.

I welcome any additional insight or criticism. I also pose this question: if so many believe, consciously or unconsciously, in the endtimes, what are the chances that humanity will manifest the end as a self-fulfilling prophecy?


22 Comments

| Leave a comment
user-pic

I had thoughts about this relative to what happened during the Bush administration.

I wondered how could they go so far and do so much to wreck our nation... and it occurred to me that they might not care how badly they messed things up, how many laws they broke, how much damage they did, if they beleived that by helping to bring on the end of times they were just in their actions and that based on this they would somehow be absolved and rewarded.

I especially wondered about this with the religious messages attached to daily reports from Rumsfeld and when I heard Secretary of State Paulson state that he had known that the financial problems (that led to TARP) existed but he had felt he had to wait for them to get 'bad enough' to ask for this money in this way.

I myself wonder how much happens in our world motivated on such beliefs.

user-pic

Again I find myself wishing we could rec comments.

user-pic

I always thought that eschatology sounded like a word used to described the gutting of a forest animal. It seems to have the ring of a word relating to intestines and ....

James G. Watt was Secretary of the Interior under Reagan. Now the Secretary of the Interior is supposed to be in charge of overseeing and protecting our natural resources, among other duties.

Watt would get down on his knees in his office every morning and pray that we all go to hell in a handbasket, except for people like himself.

How in God's Name could Watt care one whit about our natural resources when he was praying for the end of the world?

He certainly was not living in squawler or misery or want or need. Except of course with his own psychosis.

But, I do see your point.

user-pic

Misery is not directly correlated to poverty... you are absolutely right.

Personally, I can't imagine living with the endtimes mindset... it would be like Waiting for Godot on benzadrine.

user-pic

I cannot let this go:

"Personally, I can't imagine living with the endtimes mindset... it would be like Waiting for Godot on benzadrine."

I hereby award you the Dayly Line of the Day Award for this here TPMCafe Site, given to all of you from all of me.

user-pic

And yet again...

user-pic

heheheheheeee

user-pic

I agree that believing the end is near often reflects the wishful thinking of those mired in misery and hopelessness. These latter elements deserve remediation in addition to our efforts to forestall the violent acting-out they inspire.

In various Internet forums, I've seen postings by individuals proclaiming the coming end of civilization. Often it seems to have something to do with the Mayan calendar.

In any case, my usual response has been to ask them, "Since you don't think you'll be needing it much longer, can I have your car?"

user-pic


Regarding the self fulfilling phrophecy, whether it's the 'end of times' or just a step along the way, the believers in such prophecies have no place determining policy.

user-pic

I'll say it since Grouch ain't here:

And yet again...

user-pic

Scary article you've cited, Mh20:
".....Skull & Bones' initiates are assigned or take on nicknames. And what was George Bush Senior's nickname? "Magog".....
Crikey.
TheraP! Where are you?
Thought-provoking post, Zipperus. Good comments.
But, good lord, what next?

user-pic

"The evangelical support of Israel, for example, is based on the belief that the second temple must be rebuilt as a precursor to the rapture."

No, actually, turns out it isn't. I went in to my graduate studies believing this--and there are books out there (Gorenberg, Webber, Sizer) which suggest this, but after studying the phenomenon further it's, not surprisingly, more complicated than this. At the onset I should say that my specialty is in sociology of religion and society and Evangelical support for Israel is my dissertation topic.

First, the eschatological motivations you site are held by but a small segment of Evangelicals who support Israel. Even smaller is the number who believes Al Aqsa must be demolished and a new temple built before this happens.

The larger motivation for support of Israel as of today comes from a very simple fact: Israel is both central to the Biblical narrative and, as of 1948, is now tangible and real. I'm studying the topic from a specific angle: religion and memory. My thesis is that Evangelicals "remember" Israel collectively and that this serves as a powerful legitimation--collectively and personally--for their faith. "God is real, faithful and working in the world today--just look at Israel!" is how the formula works.

In a secularizing world (including those forces besides mere secularizing "ideas"), this is a way to reorganize, to re-assert, to literally continue to exist as Christian--for some.

The really interesting thing is that this phenomena ALSO works in a precisely opposite fashion for certain Muslims. Israel's existence is difficult proof (like the dinosaurs for certain fundamentalist Christians) that maybe God isn't really looking out for them, has forgotten them, has let them be shamed (add to this the great shame of the Six Day War in 1967, and you get the picture).

I can't go into how globalization and collective memory theory play into this (which could shed light on why now, why this form), but I'd recommend caution to anyone that suggests religion qua religion is the "cause" of such violence. Religion serves as a powerful legitimator, yes, and religious ideas can be more than this, taking on a life of their own, yes, but never in isolation from other socio-cultural factors. In true Marxist fashion I would suggest that we are always talking about a "dialectic" at work between religious and other forces.

user-pic

Excellent comment. I will only try to address your remark:

In a secularizing world (including those forces besides mere secularizing "ideas"), this is a way to reorganize, to re-assert, to literally continue to exist as Christian--for some.

Isn't this a fair description of Pauline Christianity from the get go? A congregation preparing for the coming of the Kingdom?

user-pic

It sounds like you are suggesting that the early Christian community was remembering Israel differently in order to (re-)organize itself and to form a distinctive identity. I would say that is exactly right, though I'm not sure it relates to secularizing forces as the modern manifestation does. My point was that most of these Evangelicals do not emphasize the eschatological dimension; the memory is serving a different function for the majority of them.

It's a very interesting comparison. Thanks for bringing it up.

I should add that the relatively few crazies who do subscribe to the rebuilt temple--well it wouldn't take many to really wreak havoc, would it? It took only 19 dudes to take down two huge skyscrapers and change global foreign policy. So in a sense it doesn't matter how big the group is and that is worth remembering.

user-pic

I was thinking the "secularizing" element might be similar (or maybe parallel is a better word)in the way that Paul took the good news to the Romans. The Kingdom coming to a cosmopolitan world.

I am not sure how that element would relate to the "rebuilding of the temple".

Is the point of view of evangelicals that are not "emphasizing the eschatological" a matter of not being focused upon the narrative of Israel as you present it or generally accepting that the "end" is not near?

user-pic

RE: Paul. I don't know many scholars who would suggest that Rome was as cosmopolitan as they would need to be for your parallel to work. The emperor cult was alive and well, with the emperor being the living incarnation of deity. It was actually a clash of (yes) political religions. You see this over Paul's repeated use of the term "Lord": when he suggests Jesus is Lord he is directly saying Caesar is not, because Caesars used that as a self-description quite often.

There is a common, given reason for evangelical support for Israel which you can find even in the earliest prophecy conferences back in 1878 in NYC. That is that support for Israel will generate blessings for the Gentile, a derivative of (primarily but not exclusively) Genesis 12:3. It's the most oft cited scripture.

Let me add that I would suggest that we not forget many folks might support Israel (at least latently, if not explicitly--I've seen a good bit explicitly) in part because they are "the last defense against Muslims" who, it is believed, want to take over the world and install sharia.

user-pic

I like your comment. I can only beg to differ based on the rhetoric coming from evangelicals. Pat Robertson, Jerry Falwell, Hal Lindsay, and even Billy Graham have made Israel a central player in their end times sermons. I can understand why Israel is viewed with a more nostalgic eye from rank and file dominionists, but listen to the sermons and the Israeli drama is a central player in the end.

The eschatology becomes more pronounced and unstable in the small offshoot organizations, but the core of these beliefs is cultivated by charismatic ministers.

And please don't take this as an assault on religion. Any belief system can take on eschatological tones. The Communist Manifesto runs over with end times prophecy, and you don't have to be religious to freak out over the Bildeberger Group.

user-pic

Which evangelicals? Talking heads do not a movement make. Besides, Stephen Spector in his brilliant book on the subject points out that people like Robertson were making anti-semitic arguments as recently as the 90's. They didn't turn their support for Jews around until recent history, not in small part because of the (perceived) Islamic threat.

And you forgot John Hagee. Using your method he would have made your case the most strongly. But in examining his organization and their literature (I'll take the props for reading their weekly drivel/newsletter, even attending their events--someone's got to!), I'm telling you the narrative that emerges is not one driven and dominated by pre-millennialist theology. His organization, CUFI, has chapters in every state, a bunch of city chapters even, and claims to be the largest Christian grassroots organization in the country.

You should read Spector's book. I think you would enjoy it.

And I don't think it was an attack on religion per se. I was mostly directing my thoughts to some of the latent assumptions in the comments.

user-pic

Some of them are pretty crazy. Probably some of them are just hoping they will escape this world. However, anybody who doesn't realize that they may be right just isn't paying attention. Man now has the capacity to destroy himself and this world could end pretty quickly.

user-pic

From the time I first read bible it occurred to me that any end time scenario would be at the hands of man, self fufilling or divinely inspired.

It also seemed to me that the best defense against it is to colonize space.

user-pic

I love that answer:)

user-pic

I recently had the opportunity to publish a work of fiction dealing with this exact subject, the subject of the 'End of Days'. It is written from the perspective of a group of people known as The Healers whose mission is to renew the Earth after the apocalypse of a nuclear event. If anyone reading this comment would be interested in info on this work, please see my website at:
www.eloquentbooks.com/TheHealers.html.
I hope that my beliefs and ideas on the 'end of days' will give anyone reading this story a new kind of hope.
J.Worden

Leave a comment

Zipperupus

user-pic

Following: 29
Followers: 39

Posts
Comments & Recommends


  • Website: valis.gaia.com
  • Location San Diego
  • Party Democratic
  • Politics Gadfly

Favorites

  • Favorite Blogs Digby, Joe Bageant, Bonddad, Field Negro
  • Favorite Books VALIS, The Forever War, The Castle, Sound and the Fury, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, Journey to the End of the Night, White Noise
  • Favorite Quotes "Between nothing and grief, i will take grief." William Faulkner

Bio

I am still a US Marine. In today's economy I came to the conclusion that staying in is better than going out into the cold. I personally undersigned millions of taxpayer dollars for projects that may or may not help the Iraqi people.

All Reader Posts
How to use myTPM

Advertise Liberally
Share
Close Social Web Email

"To" Email Address

Your Name

Your Email Address