The Future of Energy Production
The election
is over, but I want to talk about another type of democracy. After reading Al
Gore's recent article "The Climate of Change", I started
thinking about energy and how we use it. Today we get expensive gasoline from
private conglomerates some who buy oil from state owned oil fields such as
those in Venezuela. It's strange, to say the least, the way the profit is
distributed among the populace in these "free markets", but
that's not what I want to talk about. It's the coal fields buried under federal
lands which are mined by private interests and this coal is then burned to produce
electricity for a couple of hundred million Americans. Now that's not
necessarily a bad thing in terms of providing electricity, but it's intended
purpose is first and foremost to provide a profit for the private interests,
remember ENRON. Now, some people may not understand this, and at the risk of
stating the blatantly obvious, this electricity, which is produced in large
part by coal, is brought to our homes over a grid system. Think of it as a web
in which every home is connected to every other home. The electricity doesn't
flow into each home to simply dissipate upon providing work through appliances, but
is maintained at a relatively constant level over the entire grid 24 hours a
day 7 days a week. The meter doesn't measure the amount of electricity a home
uses. It instead measures the resistance to electric "flow". You
might ask, "What does this have to do with anything?" Well for one
thing, it's a shared resource. The other is that the many are at the mercy of
the few, and it's a dependency based on finite production resources. To top in
all off, much of that grid system was built with tax money or tax incentives.
The bright side is we are all connected together, and that's a good thing.
What I want to remind you of, is that there is another way to live, while maintaining a similar if not better lifestyle. Forget depending on someone else to produce power. Imagine every home in America with a roof made of solar cells. Imagine all those homes connected to the national grid system. During the day while the populace are away at work, storage devices can be storing the energy being gathered by all the rooftop solar panels for use during the peak hours of the evening, when the workers come home. This would reduce the stress of the current power plants. Most importantly, it would also democratize the grid by turning end users into co-producers. Plus, adding energy storage devices would allow power plants to cut over all energy production. I estimate that if every roof in America were made of solar panels, 30 to 50 percent less energy would be needed from traditional means. The initial cost would be high but the long term saving would be huge. Not to mention, the solar maintenance and replacement industry would create millions of jobs locally. Distributive power production would be a revolutionary change in so many ways I can't begin to count them.





We have a bottleneck in PV production, but that would yield quickly to improved incentives. The typical home is capable of being self-sufficient, given a few enhancements. These include more efficient use of power, e.g. better design or DC appliances, and of course insulation, but also for the colder northern tier and humid south houses can exploit groundwater.
Most important is to require the grid to buy power at a competitive price. The homeowner must be able to sell it for close to the price he pays. This is required in Germany, and as a result they are way ahead of us in installing photovoltaics.
Equally important is improvement in storage of power. This market will improve, and various new designs for batteries exist but need developing. Incentives, again.
Roughly one thousand times our total energy usage falls as sunlight. Every commercial building could be a solar farm. The Pentagon, with its parking lot, is about 3 square kilometers. This would generate 600 megawatts at peak output. That is a decent-sized electrical power plant, about half of a typical nuclear reactor. All those barren, heat-island parking lots should be solar farms where you charge up your car while at work.
Decentralized power is the best backbone system, but some areas ask for use. Some argue for using the less-interesting desert areas. I am interested in using floating PV farms on the ocean. The shading would lower water temperatures, increasing CO2 absorption. The power could be captured as hydrolysed hydrogen, and shipped onshore as bottled gas, or via pipeline.
As you, and Obama, (and me for the last few years here) emphasize, this means lots of jobs, lots of labor-intensive work to build and install new systems. And it is the kind of work that generates value. The new systems are not engines consuming fuel, but the means of production of energy.
November 9, 2008 9:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think you have a better grasp if the solution than I do. The only thing I'm against on principle alone is altering the ocean's temperature. I don't like changing systems in this manner because of unknown side effects. I'm also against expanding further into existing wilderness areas, so desert production is not a good idea to me. Using less energy is the key to recovery from global climate change.
November 9, 2008 2:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
Ocean is warming already, so we can't stand pat. With ice cover disappearing, some shading might be very helpful. It would be pretty trivial, at any rate.
I'm not in favor of pushing desert installations, because the transmission of power means losses, and mainly it's the same centralized large-corporation model we already have.
November 9, 2008 2:56 PM | Reply | Permalink
Not to mention that most buildings could and should be oriented to make better use of natural heating and lighting.
November 9, 2008 3:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
Capital costs are still high. Metering and power management/conversion electronics are needed. Standardizing those and getting to large volume production will help bring initial costs down.
Long-life efficient PV arrays are far from cheap, and then there is installation cost. Combo units, deriving both hot water and electricity, possibly with concentrators, are another option.
I recently saw perhaps 100 panels at what looked like 1x2 meters each on top of a self-storage facility alongside a local freeway!
November 10, 2008 4:01 AM | Reply | Permalink