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Remember the electric car?


Who killed the electric car  is a documentary about the life and controversial discontinuation of  GM's EV1, the first modern production electric vehicle out of Detroit, introduced in 1996.  The vehicles were made available in California and Arizona with a limited lease-only agreement.  It was a success and lessees of the EV1 liked them so much they began making offers to GM to purchase the electric cars.  But one by one, GM collected all the EV1s and destroyed them.  By 2003, all were removed from the road, brought to a private facility and crushed.  

As GM's EV1 gained its initial popularity, the California Air Resources Board took the initiative to pass a zero emissions vehicle mandate in California which required that some of the cars coming out of Detroit had to be vehicles with no exhaust.  

GM could have met the challenge, as they already had a batch of EV1s on the road.  Instead, GM teamed up with the federal government (Bush) and sued the California Board

During the hearing, automobile manufacturers were given all the time they wanted to make their case against the mandate.    

Advocates for the mandate, on the other hand, were given 3 minutes.  

The mandate was dropped.  

GM's EV1 vanished.  

Now GM itself may vanish.  

But is it the fault of the current economy?

Or did they kill themselves?



  

  

37 Comments

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Who gets to speak. That's the issue you've put your finger on, tpmgary. And that same issue is at the heart of many of our problems today. How is it that corporate America has more rights than the actual citizens?

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.

Rhetorical ... I know ...

But . . .

"How is it that corporate America has more rights than the actual citizens?"

a.) Snazzier parties in the Caymans?

b.) Super Bowl tickets?

c.) Corporate jets?

d.) Money?

e.) All the above?

~OGD~

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You did a great job there! Thanks. :)

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Indeed, tpmgary, they killed themselves.

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Who could possibly have seen this coming....besides Jimmy Carter that is?

Enjoy.

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Yeah!

What would Jimmy do? Oh, if you've read me, you will know that was NOT sarcasm. He's a hero for me.

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Indeed. The Republican noise machine, Heritage, AEI, Hoover, and the rest spared no expense in demonizing the man.

Largely symbolic in both cases I know, but Carter installing solar panels on the White House, and Reagan yanking them off, certainly tells us a lot about the last 30 years.

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Obama should place new solar panels on the WH and get Carter to throw the switch. Make a big deal out of it. I think America is ready to listen now.
But of course Obama doesn't want to point out that the disaster we are now in is directly traceable to the Republican Party's knee-jerk promotion of all things unliberal (Democratic). That Jimmy Carter was such a clown with his sweaters and his common sense. And Reagan (well Bush) knew how to beat him by going to the Iranians and short cicuiting the negotiations. You know, treason. Such a cleaver patriot he.

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I am no big fan of Reagan, but Kennedy is why Carter didn't get re-elected and democrats have been every bit as dismissive of Carter until recently as the republicans have been. America's lack of foresight and inability to elect real leaders is hardly a partisan issue.

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Maybe the rest of the Democrats, but not me. I always liked the guy. He makes Christianity appear like an organization who loves all of God's creation. I mean, he would pray with anyone. He would even pick up a hammer himself and build them a house.

Carter has been the reason Israel does not have an enemy to their West, decades later! There are Jews and Muslims sharing the same beaches. Okay, maybe not a ham and cheese sandwich, but I think that's something on which they agree!

Carter managed to protect through skilled diplomatic efforts the lives of all the hostages, even when the rescue effort failed, we lost no one. Reagon couldn't even keep our own soldiers alive in their own barracks in Lebanon.

Yeah, and he had a great smile too! Still does! Any way, I like him and I always have. Hating Carter is for those who blame the victims for the perpetrators misdeeds. He was framed. Yeas, maybe Kennedy was part of that, too.

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democrats have been every bit as dismissive of Carter until recently as the republicans have been.

The fact that Democrats have been willing to trash other Democrats in falling over themselves to look "centrist" (read: like Republicans) is hardly news. The Republican noise machine got the ball rolling and the "centrist" Dems were only too happy to play along, especially since Carter demonstrated actual leadership in demanding (gasp) shared sacrifice to get the job done. Blaming the whole thing on Kennedy is a biiiiiiiig stretch.

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I certainly don't blame the whole thing on Kennedy, though taking a sitting president to the convention played a huge role in the previously unknown Reagan gaining national attention. As "bad" as Carter was in the court of public opinion, he probably could have weathered the republican challenge that year with a united democratic party behind him.

I also agree that democrats and republicans alike have wandered far from their founding principles over the last thirty years as they each became opposing sides of a corporate-centric government. I find that to be a failing of the electorate more than either party, though. It has been quite sometime, at least as long as I have been alive, since average Americans cared about politics or civic duty.

Until we change that trend, I fear it won't matter which party is in charge as the American Empire rumbles on toward infamy.

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Fpie, great idea. I really like this. If Gary gets the blog of the day, I have to award you The Dayly Line (idea) of the Day Award for this here TPMC site, given to all of you from all of me.

I really like this. Jesus. Make sure you post this idea on your own, send it to Obama via his blog, send it to your reps...hell send it to some green blogs.

I really like this.

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I second what DD said, FPIE. A great idea. Wonder if they can make an electric presidential motorcade:)

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Me too. Carter was right on his energy policy. Carter still walks the walk.

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This topic is especially relevant now that the Dems have introduced the draft of their energy and climate change bill. A provision would preserve California's power to set new standards on vehicle emissions.

http://www.freep.com/article/20090331/BUSINESS01/90331041/Dems++bill+mirrors+California+emission+standards


Politicians and the corporate interests they represent are already out in full force. James Inhofe and the usual suspects are out denying the effects of climate change.

Oil, coal, and automotive lobbies are generating a storm of disinformation.

Who will win this time?

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Let's not forget the "our waste is no worse than coal ash" nuclear industry. They are pushing harder than anyone - look at all the pro-nuclear industry PR pieces published as news recently.

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good point, forgot about the nuclear industry.

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My tax guy was saying, apropos GM, that the poor quality of the 70s cars sent him to Japanese cars, and he has never come back. I know lots like him.

GM and Ford improved their cars a lot starting in the 80s, but the 70s crap, that rusted out in five years, got crap mileage, and handled like old trucks, is a legacy they seem to have not been able to make us forget. I did OK with GM products after 1990, and my Ford Focus is fine. But they should have been scared after 1973, and weren't.

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I think you're forgetting about the 80s/90s bad paint jobs. Several of my in-laws have stuck with buying American cars, and they all have the faded paint jobs to prove it.

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I took my first ride in a golf cart in 1966

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The American automobile makers legacy of big mistakes can really be visualized by one picture, the Hummer, a war machine made for the road.When the rest of the world saw the signs and began making smaller,lighter,more efficient automobiles Detroit decided to make this Godzilla of the Suvs. Heavier more expensive,grossly inefficient (8 mpg) and totally over the top.Its a vehicle made for battle not for road use,its a very cool but not financially viable road machine.It is like skeet shooting with a bazooka, cool no doubt,but do you know how much bazooka shells cost and the collateral damage they cause? It wasn't just the Hummer, but this machine is a prime example and is indicative of an attitude that prevailed in the American auto makers,"we can do what we want and nothing can touch us,we have always been and always will be,kings." We could have and should have been in electric automobiles long ago, if only our car makers had been responsible adults.

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Obama is letting GM get what the management really wanted in the first place, structured bankruptcy. They're killing the Unions, and Obama agrees. I'm sorry but Obama has said "fuck you" to the working class again. This is has a smell of fascism all over it, with Chrysler going to Fiat. My guess is this will mean the end of the GM volt project too. Sad with all this bluster, Obama is betraying many of the things he said he believed in. But then he didn't stand up for Rev. Wright either. Disgusting....

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I hear ya!

But let's see how this plays out through to the end.

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Good post and great documentary and I recommend it to anyone who hasn't seen it! It is a real indictment of the auto manufacturers and of the Clinton administration for cutting the deal that brought us the hybrid as a compromise made with the auto industry because they were upset at not being able to rake in the dough on repairs and parts replacement with the electric vehicles. It's a perfect example of the corruption that is pervasive amongst the elite. If you look at the record, it's pretty clear that the ruling classes in this country have repeatedly failed to safeguard the public interest at every turn and with respect to almost any issue you might name from the environment, to financial regulation, to health care and on and on and on.

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Auto-workers have been so poorly representated. The UAW shares equal blame with the Corporate Execs in Detroit for the "hybrid compromise" and the endless rollout of bigger and bigger vehicles to jam through the "light truck" loophole.

Your point about the ruling classes is well taken, but in the context of Detroit, there's plenty of blame to go around.

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Meant as reply to Oleeb.

And, apologies for the spelling...."represented".

Haven't had coffee yet.

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For greater context, here's an electric car timeline that reaches back two centuries:

1832
Scottish inventor invents the first crude electric carriage powered by non-rechargeable primary cells.

1835
American Thomas Davenport is credited with building the first practical electric vehicle

1859
French physicist Gaston Planté invents the rechargeable lead-acid storage battery. In 1881, his countryman Camille Faure will improve the storage battery's ability to supply current and invent the basic lead-acid battery used in automobiles.

1891
William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa builds the first successful electric automobile in the United States.

1893
A handful of different makes and models of electric cars are exhibited in Chicago.

1897
The first electric taxis hit the streets of New York City early in the year. The Pope Manufacturing Company of Connecticut becomes the first large-scale American electric automobile manufacturer.

1899
Believing that electricity will run autos in the future, Thomas Alva Edison begins his mission to create a long-lasting, powerful battery for commercial automobiles.

1900
The electric automobile is in its heyday. Of the 4,192 cars produced in the United States 28 percent are powered by electricity, and electric autos represent about one-third of all cars found on the roads of New York City, Boston, and Chicago.


1908
Henry Ford introduces the mass-produced and gasoline-powered Model T, which will have a profound effect on the U.S. automobile market.

1912
Charles Kettering invents the first practical electric automobile starter. Kettering's invention makes gasoline-powered autos more alluring to consumers by eliminating the unwieldy hand crank starter and ultimately helps pave the way for the electric car's demise.

1920
During the 1920s the electric car ceases to be a viable commercial product. The electric car's downfall is attributable to a number of factors, including the desire for longer distance vehicles, their lack of horsepower, and the ready availability of gasoline.

1966
Congress introduces the earliest bills recommending use of electric vehicles as a means of reducing air pollution. A Gallup poll indicates that 33 million Americans are interested in electric vehicles.

1970s
Concerns about the soaring price of oil -- peaking with the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973 -- and a growing environmental movement result in renewed interests in electric cars from both consumers and producers.

1972
Victor Wouk, the "Godfather of the Hybrid," builds the first full-powered, full-size hybrid vehicle out of a 1972 Buick Skylark provided by General Motors (G.M.) for the 1970 Federal Clean Car Incentive Program. The Environmental Protection Association later kills the program in 1976.


1974
Vanguard-Sebring's CitiCar makes its debut at the Electric Vehicle Symposium in Washington, D.C. The CitiCar has a top speed of over 30 mph and a reliable warm-weather range of 40 miles. By 1975 the company is the sixth largest automaker in the U.S. but is dissolved only a few years later.

1975
The U.S. Postal Service purchases 350 electric delivery jeeps from AM General, a division of AMC, to be used in a test program.

1976
Congress passes the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act. The law is intended to spur the development of new technologies including improved batteries, motors, and other hybrid-electric components.

1988
Roger Smith, CEO of G.M. , agrees to fund research efforts to build a practical consumer electric car. G.M. teams up with California's AeroVironment to design what would become the EV1, which one employee called "the world's most efficient production vehicle." Some electric vehicle enthusiasts have speculated that the EV1 was never undertaken as a serious commercial venture by the large automaker.

1990
California passes its Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate, which requires two percent of the state's vehicles to have no emissions by 1998 and 10 percent by 2003. The law is repeatedly weakened over the next decade to reduce the number of pure ZEVs it requires.

1997
Toyota unveils the Prius -- the world's first commercially mass-produced and marketed hybrid car -- in Japan. Nearly 18,000 units are sold during the first production year.

1997 - 2000
A few thousand all-electric cars (such as Honda's EV Plus, G.M.'s EV1, Ford's Ranger pickup EV, Nissan's Altra EV, Chevy's S-10 EV, and Toyota's RAV4 EV) are produced by big car manufacturers, but most of them are available for lease only. All of the major automakers' advanced all-electric production programs will be discontinued by the early 2000s.

2002
G.M. and DaimlerChrysler sue the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to repeal the ZEV mandate first passed in 1990. The Bush Administration joins that suit.

2003
G.M. announces that it will not renew leases on its EV1 cars saying it can no longer supply parts to repair the vehicles and that it plans to reclaim the cars by the end of 2004.

I'll skip to 2009--Tesla unveils world’s first mass-produced, highway-capable electric vehicle.

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Gary, I hereby award you the Dayly Award for Blog of the Day for this here TPMC Site, given to all of you from all of me. This comment cinches it. I love a little history lined up like this.

I know it reflects Letterman, except there is no joke here. Or the joke is on us. Fine, fine post.

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thanks for stopping by DD and good of you to recognize FPie's idea. I hope he/she pursues a post expanding on it.

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Look at you Gary! Your blog rocks and the next thing to watch is what is the quality of the comments.

Yes, you bought out a great idea. I can see one of my models for humanity, turning on the WH lites.

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I realize that they screwed themselves. But as a practical matter does it help us to rehash this stuff? If I read what jerks these people have been over and over am I more likely or less likely to think about spending a small fortune on a electric car?

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Doomer, lots of people have never seen Who killed the Electric Car.
The greater the awareness, the more likely it is that people will press for change. We'll all benefit if ingenuity is supported and allowed to flourish--if that happened in the transportation sector, people would be less likely to spend a small fortune on an electric car because an electric car would be much more affordable.

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It is of course indicative, but as Doomer says it's also not news anymore.

The good news about electric cars is really that the current improvements will make hybrids with larger battery packs practical. I still would like to be able to pour some home-brewed alcohol in the tank, collected from my Mr. Fuel® trash digester and fermentation cell.*

*Not available at this time, but one can hope.

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Tom, do you think Detroit is on the cutting edge of alternative energy vehicles?

What do you think of India's Reva or Tata motors?

How about Think? Or MDI's compressed air vehicle?

Or Shai Agassi's Better Place?

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1) No. But the challenge is mostly the tricky one of choosing a design that they know how to build, that people will "get", and that they can afford to manufacture. GM doesn't think in terms of sneaking into a new niche, like Tesla, so it's probably really hard to see the actual steps of transitioning to a flex-fuel plug-in hybrid, not knowing what fuels will become available or whether fuel/charging stations will even exist.
2) Hard to tell Indians they can't have cars, eh?
3) Don't know.
4) ?

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thanks for replying Tom. Here's more info on Better Place:

http://www.betterplace.com/

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