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Another Torture Document Declassified (update #3)


Spencer Ackerman (a former protegee of Josh Marshall here at TPM) has an article and a link to a newly declassified document:

  INQUIRY INTO THE TREATMENT OF DETAINEES IN US CUSTODY.

This is the Report of the Senate Committee on Armed Services.  It is 263 pages long.  Use the link above to read Spencer's article and download a copy for yourself.  Emptywheel will also be posting on this tomorrow.  And you can download a copy at her site, where there is a working thread already set up.  (In that thread she links to another short blog by Spencer Ackerman.)  Emptywheel is working on a major post to demonstrate how futile all the torture was.  (If you're curious about the thermometer there, read this.)

This report apparently explains a lot about how torture was reverse-engineered, based on the SERE training.  And indeed, how SERE folks repeatedly warned that they were not interrogators and that the techniques they used were for training only, not to be used in interrogations, and specifically warning that their techniques were contrary to US and international law.  (Spencer's blog and his article explain more on that.)

Link to report now also available on TPM front page.

Sure enough, a SERE psychologist designed and taught the torture!  It's right there in the report!

Prepare for further shocks to your conscience!  Can it get any worse?  Yes!

It is important to note this this just-released Report pertains only to use of torture in military detention.  This Senate Committee did not investigate what happened in the secret torture sites.

 

Update:

New York Times:

In Adopting Harsh Tactics, No Inquiry Into Their Past Use

In a series of high-level meetings in 2002, without a single dissent from cabinet members or lawmakers, the United States for the first time officially embraced the brutal methods of interrogation it had always condemned.

This extraordinary consensus was possible, an examination by The New York Times shows, largely because no one involved -- not the top two C.I.A. officials who were pushing the program, not the senior aides to President George W. Bush, not the leaders of the Senate and House Intelligence Committees -- investigated the gruesome origins of the techniques they were approving with little debate.
.......

Even George J. Tenet, the C.I.A. director who insisted that the agency had thoroughly researched its proposal and pressed it on other officials, did not examine the history of the most shocking method, the near-drowning technique known as waterboarding.

The top officials he briefed did not learn that waterboarding had been prosecuted by the United States in war-crimes trials after World War II and was a well-documented favorite of despotic governments since the Spanish Inquisition; one waterboard used under Pol Pot was even on display at the genocide museum in Cambodia.
Update #2:

I would like to draw to your attention this blog by Zipperupus, which in my view provides the nodal point to understand what keeps going wrong in our society and government (including torture, and why it is "necessary" to the reactionary agenda), but even more important, what must happen for things to go right.  Please read (and recommend) his post, linked below:
 

Unifying Purpose (Why Torture Matters)


Update #3:


NATO Allies Preparing to Go After Bush Officials on Torture

By Scott Horton

One point on which the European lawyers all agree: the release on Thursday of a set of Justice Department memoranda explicitly approving a series of torture techniques including waterboarding will make prosecution in European courts into child's play. The Europeans also all agree on another thing: the United States has a duty to investigate and prosecute these cases, and they would all prefer that it do so.

Looks like we'll either have to have prosecutions here - or endure them there.   


89 Comments

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I'm on my way to read it. Thanks for pointing it out. Isn't there still one more memo that hasn't been released?

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One memo that we know of and 3000 supporting documents for "something" - and this thing is the dregs of everything we've suspected!

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I just had a bit of a rant about those SERE psychologists myself. Think they are releasing this information (memos/reports/etc) all at once to cause overload? It's already gotten sort of mind numbing.

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You may be right. I'm feeling numb too.

Here are two things I just noticed:

1. The use of hoods bothered me from the get-go. And now I have proof:

THE USE OF HOODS TO INDUCE A PSYCHOLOGICAL SENSE OF ISOLATION AND DEPENDENCE ON THE INTERROGATORS ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL.

[p. 254]

2. And this:

The Irony of Torture:


Camp Honesty Interrogation Plan - “based off of SEER Training Doctrine.” But SEER folks admitted their techniques were illegal!

They improvised “sensory over-stimulation” in black rooms “touching the detainee on the head, hands, and feet with string stimulating sensors.”

(Hard to believe they refrained from touching other body parts - given the improvised plan at Camp Honesty.)

[p.252]

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Brace yourself then. Those 4 recently released OLC memos have opened wide the door for a flood of new FOIA requests.

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Updated to include NY Times article on this and some shocking quotes!

(no wonder they want us to believe it "works" - since obviously this report shows how severely and negligently they broke the law!)

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Here's another quote from Times article:

They did not know that some veteran trainers from the SERE program itself had warned in internal memorandums that, morality aside, the methods were ineffective. Nor were most of the officials aware that the former military psychologist who played a central role in persuading C.I.A. officials to use the harsh methods had never conducted a real interrogation, or that the Justice Department lawyer most responsible for declaring the methods legal had idiosyncratic ideas that even the Bush Justice Department would later renounce.
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I just read the Executive Summary.

I think we need to be prepared for what will surely be the last, or one of the last, leftover memes of the previous administration.

"SERE techniques were used on our own soldiers. SERE techniques are not torture because our soldiers did not suffer long-term damage."

Why this is wrong: SERE (as used on our soldiers) was designed to strengthen one's personality/psychic core. SERE (as used on detainees) was designed to destroy one's personality/psychic core.

These two different uses are as black and white, either/or, up/down opposite as two actions can be. One is framed as mental conditioning. The other is mental crucifixion. One is to prevent a mental "break." The other is to produce a mental "break."

When this meme comes up--that SERE techniques are not torture--this distinction is crucial.

The must conclusive rebuttal: SERE techniques were derived from the Chinese Communist techniques of the Korean War, used to produce false confessions by American soldiers.

If all this were not so sad, the irony would be amazing.

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They didn't even USE the SEER type techniques. They made it worse. But they should have known it was torture! Again, from the Times:

A little research on the origin of those methods would have given reason for doubt. Government studies in the 1950s found that Chinese Communist interrogators had produced false confessions from captured American pilots not with some kind of sinister “brainwashing” but with crude tactics: shackling the Americans to force them to stand for hours, keeping them in cold cells, disrupting their sleep and limiting access to food and hygiene.

“The Communists do not look upon these assaults as ‘torture,’ ” one 1956 study concluded. “But all of them produce great discomfort, and lead to serious disturbances of many bodily processes; there is no reason to differentiate them from any other form of torture.”

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This is going to shock our collective conscience. And the newly released memo incriminates behavioral scientists, lawyers, and military members all the way up to Rumsfeld.

I suppose a special investigator would START at orders given to Rumsfeld from above. Did you sense Dick looking a bit concerned in his interview with Hannity?

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I'm in shock right now! Not only that I'm going to a conference on Ethics all day Friday. Imagine. A bunch of psychologists talking ethics, when this whole thing has broken - a program URGED by psychologists!

My head wants to explode. Or collapse.

I know now I eventually need to do that post on the terrible intimacy of torture. I just can't go there right now. I should get some sleep. Oh, god, I can hardly bear this....

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Oops. Response below.

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TheraP,
From your NYT quote: “…no one involved... investigated the gruesome origins of the techniques they were approving with little debate.”

They must have read my blog (just kiddng). But this article by Powell’s chief of staff, I linked to in a reply there, provides damning testimony as to the thinking in the WH and Pentagon regarding Gitmo and the WOT, which I’m sure was the same MO for their “enhanced interrogations.” The article is definitely worth a read.

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Don, they could well have read your blog! I think they keep close tabs on some things. And make use of good ideas.

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Should read: If all this was not so sad, the irony would be amazing.

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Sleep well. You've done amazing work.

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Bless you. I don't know which is worse. To find this out at my age or yours.... I'll try to sleep.

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Both probably.

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Great blog. Keep up the pressure, Thera. I think is working.

That we would use SERE (my one quibble with your blog is that it's Search Evasion Resistance and Escape [SERE] training) techniques on prisoners of war over the long term is unconcionable. MBH correctly identified the major issue with their claims that it didn't cause us long-term damage. It wasn't designed to break us, it was designed to introduce us the evil shit our "enemies" would do to use if we were captured. Further, it lasted for a grand total of 22 hours in the "POW camp" once we were "captured" to complete our week in the field learning how to evade.

That was the lesson learned - don't get caught because you will talk or you will die. I knew it was training and would only last until the next day. About ten hours into the camp phase I was starting to wonder if it would stop. Twenty hours into it and I was starting to wonder if perhaps this really wasn't training. I knew it was training, but did I really know? We were schooled in the Geneva Convention, our rights as Prisoners of War and the dangers of becoming a "war criminal" if caught. We were warned that our "enemies" wouldn't hesitate to violate the Geneva Conventions. We were being trained for that possibility.

I never would have guess we were also being used to perfect the techniques by which our country would torture those same "enemies" when the tables were turned.

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Thank you for the correction, Jason!!! ;) I will fix it!

Re the whole topic, this is an agony for me on a personal level.

I never intended this to be more than an informational blog - didn't spend much time writing it - to get the word out. But I intend to write something at length as I told MBH.

What a dark day for psychology and America!

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Yes, one more thing, that a psychologist, trained in research techniques, would equate one set of variables to a totally different set of variables, to use his professional authority to draw such a flagrantly immoral and unconscionable conclusion, is completely out of bounds even from a scientific point of view! It's malpractice of science. It's malpractice of psychology. It's illegal. Immoral. And unAmerican.

The damage that's been is near-treasonous! (on every level!)

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Yesterday Amy Goodman did a great piece about Mitchell Jessen & Associates, the guys from SERE who reverse engineered the SERE training to develop the torture program for the CIA.

Her guests were:

Mark Benjamin, National correspondent for Salon.com.

Katherine Eban, Investigative reporter and writer for several national publications. Her July 2007 article for Vanity Fair, “Rorschach and Awe.”

Karen Dorn Steele, a local investigative reporter who covered Mitchell and Jessen for The Spokesman-Review. She won a George Polk Award for a 1994 newspaper series on squandered money in the $50 billion Hanford Nuclear Reservation cleanup, the nation’s most polluted nuclear weapons production site.

http://www.democracynow.org/2009/4/21/the_story_of_mitchell_jessen_associates

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Thank you so much for that link. Bless you, dear balilama. Good to see you. It's a comfort.

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It horrifies me how the word torture is now being scrupulously avoided by the elites. The administration and people in Congress are now avoiding using the word torture and also the major corporate news outfits are also avoiding it's use as though there were any doubt.

If this transformation in language were occuring in almost any other place, American corporate media would be noting the full fledged propaganda effort of the elite and powerful in that nation to obscure and cover up the truth from the public.

And please don't say this is some sort of conspiracy theory. It is not. I don't think they conspire and they don't need to.

The way the elite fall in line without being told to do so is far more insidious and effective than is any conspiracy to get them to do so. It is more of a groupthink situation than it is anything else and we have seen it clearly in numerous instances over the past 10-15 years. But, as the corruption and the incosistencies between the truth of what they do versus what they are supposed to do comes into greater conflict and can be seen by all, the instances of a self-deluding groupthink grow even more pronounced.

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I like your comment, oleeb. I respect your voice here at TPM - immensely.

I agree that part of what we have going on here is a language manipulator. There must be a better word. But an attempt to create an alternate reality through the use of euphemisms. For that very reason, as you can likely see, I use the word torture every chance it is appropriate.

Thanks for adding this!

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I think one word that would work is sophist.

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I like that word.

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"But an attempt to create an alternate reality through the use of euphemisms. "

Isn't that what you're doing here?

So we have a battle of misrepresentations in service to various causes. You are pushing back against your perceptions of torture. Others pushed back against other perceptions, or even pushed forward with them.

I'm not judging either side, in this comment. There is a line between enhanced interrogation techniques and torture. Open admission of this allows dialog and the possibility of distinguishing excesses from necessities and goods. Then the excesses and necessities can be evaluated as particulars to seek justice and progress. That is, not all excesses are criminal or even significantly non-moral. And not all necessities need be forgiven at all levels.

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"significantly non-moral"

Is this state similar to being a little bit pregnant?

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Try to act like a grown up, next time you comment.

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Your comment: That is, not all excesses are criminal or even significantly non-moral. And not all necessities need be forgiven at all levels.

Taken in the context of the revelations that have been made since last Thursday seems to be a call for moderation of condemnation of acts of pure evil.

Excesses are arguably evil or not, moral or not. I submit that what is discussed in these documents falls so far outside the realm of any ethical, moral or legal gray area that there is absolutely no doubt as to the conclusion that must be drawn.

There is no middle ground here.

The flippancy of my comment was in response to my perception of yours.

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"seems to be"
" I submit that"
"There is no middle ground here."
"The flippancy of my comment was in response to my perception of yours."

I accept your confession that your imagination is running away with what little rationality you might have. At least you're reasonably honest. Your comment may have been flippant but it was also childish, which was my point. And now you're being juvenile, but you're welcome to your baseless opinion.

"what is discussed in these documents "

I have not read all the memos, but I did read Bybee to Rizzo (the one to the CIA in Aug 2002) and looked at a lot of Bybee to Gonzalez. If you have specifics from Rizzo which you believe justify your radical viewpoint, feel free to share them in reply here. Neither is perfect, but so far you're just blowing smoke.

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I think that you should take some time to read the documents that are out there. There is more than enough to be angry about without you, the host, waging personal attacks on your guests. Your statements are an appeal to force deriving form your administration of the site.

You criticized TheraP for what she opined about the efforts of the perpetrators to justify the crimes being discussed and suggested that she was inappropriate by suggesting that the laws were being bent post factum to justify criminality.

It is clear in the Senate report that there was much discussion about how to contort the law to allow the behavior. It is a long document and every line is worth consideration.

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"I think that you should take some time to read the documents that are out there."

Okay, so you don't know what you're talking about. Got it, you prefer ignorant bashing over informational discussion.

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I've read them, you by your own admission have not.

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Hello? I just named two memos I had read.

"I submit that what is discussed in these documents falls so far outside the realm of any ethical, moral or legal gray area that there is absolutely no doubt as to the conclusion that must be drawn."

Based on what exactly?

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I'm talking about the Senate report. It details a lot of internal debate about how the arguments seeking to confer legitimacy to the torture activities were shaped. I posted some excerpts that I caught earlier today. Mention is even made of a perceived effort by higher ups on an individual to uncover evidence of a connection between AQ and Iraq. There is much discussion of direction being given by officials in higher command on the methods to be used. There is also discussion of the internal debates of legal issues between the command elements and also between the people on the torture sites.

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I don't see how TheraP is not contorting to justify a position.

I'm more interested in first evidence than in Senate reports, but the first evidence for the Senate is certainly worth considering in addition to the memos themselves. Do you have a link to the Senate report of interest?

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It is the one released last night and discussed in the headline. On page 41 of the report is a discussion of the attempt by the administration to turn up evidence of a connection between AQ and Iraq.

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Forgot to add:

The Senate report of the attempt to find AQ connections to Iraq also fit nicely with the Downing street memo, both in implications and timing.

There are so many things in this report it will take a long time to discuss them all and I'm just pointing to a few. I am sure that there will be a lot of books written analyzing this report and how it fits in with the reality of this time.

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Keep an eye on emptywheel's site. She'll undoubtedly have a lot to say. Her analytical skills are superior! She's got a mind like a steel trap. And an instinct for noticing where questions lie, where things just don't seem to fit - and she digs deeper. Often she's on target!

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I asked a question on an entry I posted earlier today but no one answered.

I read in the Senate report a reference to Bidermans' Principles.

So now that I have some time I looked and here is what I found.

The Manipulation of Human Behavior

Book by Albert D. Biderman, Herbert Zimmer; John Wiley & Sons, 1961. 323 pgs.

The full text is available here.

http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3692722

I would like to know if any of the participants here who operate in this area know this work and if so what your feelings are.

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"the attempt to find AQ connections to Iraq"

I think that's a red herring, morally and legally.

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Could be but it is in the Senate report. I am always skeptical of products of the government that discuss problems of the government, especially when the stakes are high and blood has been spilled.

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I think this is exactly right. Torture in all forms is wrong, though in some cases can be forgiven for a greater good. But only if we codify what those cases might be and make someone accountable for making those calls.

I think dismissing the "ticking time bomb" scenario out of hand, no matter how remote, is where the communications breakdown begins. Just as the "other side" focuses solely on that metric and dismisses the evil of prolonged interrogation such as that described in the recent memos.

We need to be a little more dispassionate when dismantling issues such as this and coming up with rational responses based on common sense rather than common knowledge. The latter is almost always skewed depending on the audience while the former is like porn (or torture for that matter) - you know it when you see it.

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Not dispassionate, just not so damn biased. A passion for the truth doesn't require bullshitting in service to truth (even if that sometimes works).

-- "ticking time bomb" scenario --

No, that's not it, that's just partisan bullshit from the other side. The breakdown is basically arrogant autocracy vs. arrogant powerlessness. Those who cite the ticking bomb notion favor fascism and the illusion of freedom and security. Cheney was clearly an arrogant autocrat at heart.

But yes, exaggeration of the "evils" of "them" is definitely a talking point for both sides in too many disputes, from petty squabbles through divorce courts, to global politics and of course cosmology (Creationism v. Rationalism).

"common sense rather than common knowledge"

Something like that. I'd say, rather than common what passes for knowledge.

It's one thing to rail against torture in the abstract, another thing to lump all forms of interrogation together as torture (except for the radically anti-pragmatic position that all forced interrogations are torture). Catharsis is not a good end in itself.

BTW, in case anyone reading this cares, I supported a call for impeachment of Bybee on March 6 (my blog). Now that the memos are out, I think that needs to be "walked back" a hair.


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Tomato tomahto.

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You think those are irrelevant over-fine distinctions?

"... arrogant autocracy vs. arrogant powerlessness."

... for instance.

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I don't think the distinctions are irrelevant at all. Quite the opposite in fact. I wish they were much less relevant. I think they are a symptom of the sad, strange game we continue to play in this country where our distinctions (or division if you will) are used to keep us working at cross purposes. By "us" I mean We The People.

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"Tomato tomahto."

The common usage of that is "it doesn't matter" yet now you're saying basically the opposite, that it does matter.

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I thought that was the original point you were making. I was agreeing without saying I agree.

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You might want to cut back on the sarcasm, for my sake anyway.

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Sarcasm seems to be your default mode, so I didn't suspect that remark would be taken at face value.

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The word George Orwell used was "double-speak."

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Is there some action required of our gov't if it were to use the word torture? Is there something in the Geneva Convention that requires actions be initiated if there is a suspicion of torture? I believe they are just trying to avoid this getting away from them. I suspect they do not want this to take all the air out of the room, so to speak. The timing for this is a serious obstacle to moving forward with other concerns, such as the economy, the auto industry, unemployment, etc. These areas are urgent, while the torture issue can be addressed at a later date, which is not to say the otorture issue lacks importance. It simply lacks urgency, especially since ]or maybe "if"] we have terminated the programs.

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Oh, yes, part of Geneva and the Torture Convention, is the mandate to investigate and prosecute!

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It's an interesting point you bring up about timing. It's also an important point.

But the answer to your question about use of the word torture is I think partly because yes, use of the word torture implies what it appears to. There are no "outs" as it were, legally when you suspect torture has occured. There is no differentiation, no selection of who will be investigated. The law is exceptionally clear that all instances must be investigated and thoroughly and, where appropriate, prosecuted. But I think while this is a consideration in play, pr/message considerations dominate currently. They are trying to act like they don't know what happened and that a "policy dispute" has occured as opposed to a crime or series of crimes have occured and so if they don't use the term torture, perhaps it will be create some mental space in the public mind to move the issue into other territory which is what they're desperately attempting to do now. I think it's too late for that but they're trying anyway. In short, they don't have many choices because they've botched the whole thing so badly.

As to the question of timing, the first thing that pops into mind is "why now?" Remember, the White House essentially chose the timing even though the court case was out there from the ACLU. The administration could easily have strung the matter out for quite a while even if they intended to make the memos public in the end. They created this monster for themselves. They were right to release the torture memos, but they were foolish with respect to when.

I think a very serious strategic error was made in the White House. I don't know why it was made, but it was a serious error. I agree with you that now is not the right time to try and address the torture issue while other, more immediately pressing issues are on the President's plate. It's an even worse time to try attempting to do what the administration is attempting which is clearly to sweep it all under the rug and move on. They may have figured that the President is so popular right now that he can "get" anything he wants and the public would take his word for it and that they would kill the issue slowly in piece meal fashion by exempting the CIA first and the rest later, which would blunt the opposition. They miscalculated.

It was the White House that put this issue on the front burner, not the opponents of torture. My view is that their arrogance got the better of them at 1600 Pennsylvania (a very easy thing to have happen in that atmosphere especially wehn you're new and feel golden) and that their isolation in Washington fooled them into thinking the nation is as amoral and corrupt as the villagers in Washington, DC. But quite clearly, this is an issue they aren't going to be able to sweep under the rug easily.

There are at least two ways they could have handled this that would not have forced the issue to the top of the fold headlines that I can think of. First, and most appropriately, instead of treating this as a political matter which it is only in a remotely secondary way, the White House should have treated this according to the very clear rules set down in the law. Nobody involved at any level is naive or thick enough to wonder whether or not torture occured. We all know it did. It is beyond question. The pertinent question is what is required by the law?

The President could have, should have, and (if he is big enough to admit his error) still can direct the Attorney General to fully comply with all the laws and treaties involved and to set up a professional investigation that would be completely above and beyond any charge of partishanship. Once that directive was issued, torture as a headline would have disappeared off the front pages almost instantly. No one could have complained if the investigation by the AG into the issue was lengthy. Which is another way of saying they could have taken many, many months before having to take any substantive public action on the matter. That would have provided the breathing room the new adminstration would need to focus on more immediately pressing matters. It would also put the President in a much, much different light on this issue which would have struck the balance the President so clearly is comfortable with. Anti-torture folks wouldn't have a whole lot to complain about since his position about following the law is clear, but he's not really taking a position. They would also have created time to develop a strategy for handling the politics of the issue far more competently and ethically.

Another way the White House could have dealt more successfully with torture and avoided the mess they have created for themselves is that the President could have simply let the word out that it was a law enforcemernt matter for the AG to look at. Similar to the option above but with no Presidential involvement, the AG could then put off any real and substantive public action for a long time (easily 3 months or more) and provided similar breathing room for the administration. Then, if they were still determined to pursue the foolish course they have set thus far, the political landscape would at least be very different after that time lapse and it might not be as bad a storm as the one they have kicked up for themselves.

All around, simply as a strategic political matter, the White House has thoroughly mishandled this entire thing, not to mention they are doing something that is essentially obstructing justice in defiance of the law by ruling out doing precisely what the law requires. I'm sure there are other ways this whole thing could have been dealt with that would have kept the torture issue off the front page and also could have more responsibly and legally gotten the job done that needs to be done about this criminal activity.

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How about (sarcasm) 'the actions formerly known as torture'?

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I kinda like that too!

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But...... "We do not torture."

Oleeb: The way the elite fall in line without being told to do so is far more insidious and effective than is any conspiracy to get them to do so.

Yes.

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The SERE "reverse engineering" meme is a red herring, a purposeful attempt to divert the argument.

The methods employed in seeking the subject's cooperation are well known to anyone conversant with the literature. They do not require a knowledge of SERE.

References to SERE, both at the inception of the program and at the Congressional hearing, were intended to induce the listener to think generally and abstractly -- to insure that the listener could avoid visualizing the particular tortured subject as he underwent the procedures.

We can be confident that no one involved in the design of the interrogation program relied on SERE in any way whatsoever.

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I don't dispute your main point, Ellen. And it is a shame that in addition to everything else torture has done, it is casting a shadow on my profession, on the SERE program, etc.

The problem we have, though, is that two psychologists specifically utilized SERE to engineer a torture program. The same way they may have reverse-engineered Stanley Migram's work and other things from psychology. (If you have proof they did not, can you supply that? Do you think they and others are lying about that?)

We cannot get around the fact that certain "programs" were "used" for nefarious purposes. But I respect where you're coming from. And, as you can imagine, I am just as outraged that info from my profession has also been "used" with sick results.

References to SERE, both at the inception of the program and at the Congressional hearing, were intended to induce the listener to think generally and abstractly -- to insure that the listener could avoid visualizing the particular tortured subject as he underwent the procedures.

So well put!

It's like a kind of prostitution or pimping here. Not sure which. But something like that.

Thanks for your comment. Perhaps you might enlarge on that in a post. (but I'd want documentation of your claim that the psychologists did not use it - as it seems counter to the memos released on Friday and the Report released last night)

Otherwise, to me, based on what's been released so far, the psychologists "used" what they knew of or had seen of SERE. But as you say, the apologists of the torture program appealed to the SERE model and umbrella as a kind of distancing maneuver... so no one would look further and a way to keep people, yes, from identifying with the suffering.

Very helpful comment, Ellen!

Please offer details and documentation if you have it. (or put in a blog)

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Ellen, those were pretty much my thoughts until I heard the Amy Goodman piece I posted above. One of the reporters used the term reverse engineering. I recommend the piece, very well done.

The two principals in Mitchell Jessen & Associates came from the SERE program and they used their credentials as psychologists to sell themselves to the CIA [not a hard sell I am sure] as having reverse engineered the SERE techniques to use on "the enemy".

I believe the rational was that if we used torture techniques on our own they couldn't possibly be torture techniques if we used them on someone else. Some dare call it logic.

What came out in the piece was that the psychologists present in the SERE program were not there to watch out for the health of the pilots directly. The psychologists purpose was to keep the "torturers" from going too far.

Also, the purpose of these torture techniques has in the past never been to get information but instead to get people to confess to things they didn't do. "Yes I am a witch, please burn me"

I think there can be value in referencing SERE especially if you ask "graduates" of SERE whether or not the techniques are torture.

You bring up a great inquiry, the dehumanization of "the enemy" has gone on since the beginning of human conflict. What is an effective question or conversation that would open the eyes of someone who buys the dehumanization meme? I have had some traction asking people I know who don't believe "enhanced interrogation" is torture how they would feel if there kids were subjects.

There are also those so much in denial that they say that the question is hypothetical and therefore not relevant. Go figger!

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I do agree, however, that we need to keep our eye on the ball. And not allow argument diversions.

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Page 39 of the SASC Report, copied directly from the PDF. Our software "squooshes" the "quote" without leaving places where redactions occur, but you can get the gist:

In February 2002, the Defense Intelligence Agency's (DIA) _ sent an official request for support to JFCOM's 13, Brig Gen Moore.43 _ ( In response to the request, two JPRA personnel - senior SERE psychologist Bruce Jessen and JPRA instructor Joseph Witsch The two week class was described as an "ad hoc 'crash' course on interrogation" for the "next crew (rotation) going to SO HCOM.,,46 The JPRA team also participated in a separate video teleconference with leadership and GTMO interrogation staffwhere issues were discussed.47 Dr. Jessen said that he and Mr. Witsch went to make a "pitch" to about how JPRA could assist.48 ~Witsch stated that he worked with Dr. Jessen to develop a set of briefing slides ~training.49 The Department of Defense provided the Committee with slide presentations that appeared to have been produced b JPRA for the March 8 2002 training . Mr. Witsch testified that two slide presentations (l) Based on Recently Obtained AI Qaeda Documents" and (2) "Exploitation" ­ appeared to be the same as those used by JPRA in the March 8, 2002 training~sessen told the Committee that he did not recognize the slides as those that he presented__but that the vast majority of the slides were consistent with what he would have taught at the training session.51
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Via Krugman it turns out it was Laurie Milroie who designed the torture program.

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Thank you, Ellen. I will follow up.

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The article says nothing about her, Ellen. Where are you getting this?

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Ellen, how does that square with this?

The Levin report provides some new details. On April 16, 2002—a couple weeks after Zubaydah’s capture, and three and a half months before the Bybee memo—a military psychologist named Dr. Bruce Jessen was already circulating a blueprint for cruelly coercive interrogations based on torture methods used by Chinese Communist forces during the Korean War. The report describes Jessen’s blueprint as a “draft exploitation plan” for U.S.-held captives.

From:

http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2009/04/levin-torture-interrogation-senate-report.html

And the report itself. But I don't have the specific pages right now.

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Actual part of report posted below. I can get more quotes if needed.

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Ellen,
I searched the Krugman blog for both Laurie Mylroie and Milroie and got the message "No posts found. Try a different search?" both times. The McClatchy link came up with 2 hits on her name from Oct 11, 2001 and Sept 22, 2001 but neither hit references SERE. Could there be another link to it?

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Same boat here. Plus, it's clear from the just declassified report that Jenssen was reverse-engineering from the get-go.

I'm going to find that ref in the report.

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Page 39 of the SASC Report, copied directly from the PDF. Our software "squooshes" the "quote" without leaving places where redactions occur, but you can get the gist:

In February 2002, the Defense Intelligence Agency's (DIA) _ sent an official request for support to JFCOM's 13, Brig Gen Moore.43 _ ( In response to the request, two JPRA personnel - senior SERE psychologist Bruce Jessen and JPRA instructor Joseph Witsch The two week class was described as an "ad hoc 'crash' course on interrogation" for the "next crew (rotation) going to SO HCOM.,,46 The JPRA team also participated in a separate video teleconference with leadership and GTMO interrogation staffwhere issues were discussed.47 Dr. Jessen said that he and Mr. Witsch went to make a "pitch" to about how JPRA could assist.48 ~Witsch stated that he worked with Dr. Jessen to develop a set of briefing slides ~training.49 The Department of Defense provided the Committee with slide presentations that appeared to have been produced b JPRA for the March 8 2002 training . Mr. Witsch testified that two slide presentations (l) Based on Recently Obtained AI Qaeda Documents" and (2) "Exploitation" ­ appeared to be the same as those used by JPRA in the March 8, 2002 training~sessen told the Committee that he did not recognize the slides as those that he presented__but that the vast majority of the slides were consistent with what he would have taught at the training session.51
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"In January 2009, the website TPMmuckraker discovered that Mylroie was the author of two 2007 reports about Iraq which were done for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment. This means that she had still been employed by the U.S. government after her theories had been widely discredited." - wikipedia

I think it was Ellen's idea of a joke.

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Sorry guys.

I guess I allowed my playfully deconstructionist sense of the ironic to get out of hand.

You did, however, note that the McClatchey article claims that much of the torture was undertaken not to learn about al Qaeda plans but to obtain support for the Saddam-was-behind-9/11 theory (the Mylroie connection) in order to justify invading Iraq.

Unfortunately for Cheney the CIA distrusted him and refused to produce the false confessions it could easily have obtained on his behalf.

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More irony, I guess. But I recommend you read the blog by Zipperupus I've just linked in my post. And also in a comment to him below.

Yes, I agree with you. CYA is the excuse for ruining lives, our reputation, and so much more.

By the way, thank you for acknowledging the mistake. But in the end it forced me to put up the evidence that SERE was reverse-engineered.

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One of the great things about the posters here is that we still question authority, even our own.

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The recent memo releases prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that torture was administered with the full awareness of what torture really extracts: confessions. Torture was used on terror suspects to stovepipe intel that reinforced Bush/Cheney memes.

All of that crap about saving lives is immaterial.

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I'm going to update my post, Zipperupus - to point people to your blog:

http://tpmcafe.talkingpointsmemo.com/talk/blogs/zipperupus/2009/04/unifying-purpose-why-torture-m.php

Please take the time to read it folks. In my view he has pointed out the important issues at stake here. What keeps going wrong. And how to make it right!

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TheraP
Thanks for the heads up on Zipperupus's post, brilliant and highly rec'd

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It blew me away! Glad you liked it too! I personally think it far outdistanaces this blog. Which was never really intended to be more than a heads-up last night....

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Thera:

Another great post.

One thing that struck me as I read this was the juxtaposition against a video I watched of Republican Representative Burton of Indiana this morning doing his darndest to whip Hillary Clinton regarding "keeping America safe first" using "'enhanced interrogation techniques' that were fully vetted by members of Congress AND the previous Administration Justice department".

This from one of George Bush's political allies who stood his gound for "moral and ethical reasons that they simply will not compromise" over the issues of Abortion, Stem cell research, and gay marriage. BUT when it comes to them "dirty furiners" morals be damned.

It has become almost comical to watch as one party accuses the other party of seeing a position on a particular issue "all wrong" only to take the exact same type of position once the tables are turned. Comical and sad.

That's not even touching on the contradiction to the esteemed Mr Burton's statement regarding vetting by GWB Justice Dept which include several legal breifs that the same Justice Department later recanted.

Now to be honest I don't see any issue with keeping someone awake and other phyiscal discomforts that can breakdown a persons thinking (which still doesn't consistently provide reliable information so why do it?).

But water boarding has been specifically condemed by this and every member of the UN for decades and in rather specific language. Grey area? I think not.

The modern Republican seems to have developed a rather restricted use of morals as a convenience to party instead of trying to uphold and further the cause, stature and standing of this Our Country.

We must prosecute indivduals who broke this nations laws...who knowingly used badly reasoned legal briefs as a tool to protect themselves from this known violation of law and conscience.

I look at the memoranda written by John Yoo, David Addington and others and think to myself...they are intelligent people they knew these oppinons wouldn't stand up under even cursory scrutiny... but they relied on the insistence of their handlers that these "briefs" would never see the light of day and that these breifs were "needed" to further the cause. They knew it was wrong and yet they not only wrote these pieces of trash, they signed thier names to them.

Just because a man can think it, write it, or do it doesn't mean he should. Morals can't be part time they either are or they aren't.

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Thanks for your long and detailed comment. But truth be told, forced sleeplessness and stress positions are specifically outlawed by Geneva. Anything which is less than humane treatment is a war crime.

Remember, these folks are not adjudicated criminals. This report relates to any detainees - and recall that the vast majority were not guilty of anything - and besides there was no judicial process going on here! It was pure and simple illegal behavior against people held in custody. Not people who were "in jail" via any kind of judicial process.

Do you truly want to say it's ok to do this to your kids, for example, if they happen to be picked up in a police sweep? And they're subjected to this, with no recourse to lawyers, no judicial process, no end in sight in terms of being jailed? I kinda doubt it.

You put these "techniques" together with an endless jail time, being naked, denied food, sometimes water, sleep, and treated in degrading ways. Even without waterboarding, you're talking torture! (Even the report refers to these things as "torture" techniques in places.)

Many places in the report those two things (sleeplessness and stress positions) were called torture and war crimes by certain military personnel - who refused to obey "unlawful orders."

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"Morals can't be part time they either are or they aren't."

If only...

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From the NYT article:

This extraordinary consensus was possible, an examination by The New York Times shows, largely because no one involved -- not the top two C.I.A. officials who were pushing the program, not the senior aides to President George W. Bush, not the leaders of the Senate and House Intelligence Committees -- investigated the gruesome origins of the techniques they were approving with little debate.

What other result should we expect from a government not so much interested in defining problems and finding solutions as it is in reinforcing its' own erroneous bias? As time goes by we're finding that bushco was not only as bad as we thought they were, but worse.

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You start with an incurious W: Garbage in. Garbage out!

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*incurious*
You are much kinder than I, Thera...

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That was just a rejoinder for why people under him failed to look into the history of torture etc.

Please be my guest and tell me your candid view of him!

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I started to write some descriptors that I thought would apply, but found myself being consumed by my anger for the position he left our country in following his tenure of our chief executive. Even calling him that, makes me feel ill. Whether he is ever investigated or prosecuted for his role in subverting international, (and US), law, I hope he lives long enough to realize the ignominy of his role in history.

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TheraP

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