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Two Dreamers, by Dorothea Lange


No future (2)
Resettled farm child, New Mexico, 1935


No future
1939





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I've been thinking about the WPA photographers and their work. Wondering what tsunami shift in the PR paradigm of modern day American politics it would take to put some out of work artists back to work on a project to document what is going on in America now as a result of the economic collapse. We probably couldn't produce such an impressive body of work, whose legacy reaches into our personal lives as virtual cultural icons. Doing so would call too much attention to the failure of our political minds to address the problems faced by those dispossessed by foreclosure, joblessness, or seeing their life's savings evaporate as retirement age and the "golden years" approach.

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If we could move backwards to a time when art more genuinely captured the mood of the people, I would want to make sure we de-invented color photography. Despite exceptions, color too often robs images of their emotional essence by painting it over with a meretricious attempt to offer viewers realism rather than reality.

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Having spent part of my life as a B & W fine art photographer, I tend to agree with you although there are exceptions. I used to hand tint some of my B & Ws to great effect.

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An aside just to avoid misunderstanding by others:

Lange wasn't a WPA artist. She worked, basically like a journalist, from 1935-39, with her husband, an agricultural economist, for the federal Resettlement Administration (RA), later the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Their assignment was basically to study and document rural/farm poverty, migrant labor, sharecroppers.... He gathered the data, she took the pics.

After Pearl Harbor, the other government entity that employed her was the War Relocation Authority (WRA), documenting the Japanese-American internment. The Army wasn't fond of the results, and was successful in having them impounded. Those photos are of course, available now.

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B&W photography is still alive and well. It got a big boost with the invention of the Piezography B&W inkjet printing systems and of course the development of digital cameras.

I've got to disagree with Miguelito to some extent - I think a neoWPA would draw could produce a body of work as impressive as that of the depression era. I got to visit the Sacramento warehouse which houses the "California Collection" of art, Indian regalia and baskets, gold-rush stuff, and so on. Among the collection was a huge amount of WPA art, which had never been curated. In fact, they were just beginning to catalog the collection (1990). The overwhelming majority of works of art I saw were, say, average, often mediocre. But then here and there you would find a art superstar"s lost work, like Benny Bufano or Anton Refreigier. What's missing today, imo, isn't a similar talent pool, it's the absence of an organized labor movememt.

I loved Tim Robbin's film, "Rock the Cradle."

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Agree neo. My comment that we wouldn't be able to accomplish the same was tied to my subsequent statement about the political class's unwillingness to shine a light on their failures by funding the documentation of those failures with a public works program of the scope of the WPA photographers. And yeah, an active labor movement would be useful in that regard if half of the workers hadn't been co=opted into believing themselves part of 'management' in this, our brave new world.

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Thanks, neoboho, for mentioning the crazy, rich, freakishly unclassifiable, apparently "primitive" but hyper-educated midget and pacifist Benny Bufano, who chopped off his own trigger-finger at the beginning of WWI and sent it to President Woodrow Wilson by registered mail.

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What would our emotional reaction to the photographs be if instead of entitling the post "Two Dreamers," RR had called the entry "Posing the Subject"?

For that matter would changing the "1935" date to 1928 or 1947, neither of which would be anachronistic in setting or costume, affect our response?

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And exactly how would you describe that "pose" in the top photo, Ellen?

What directions would you give a child, Ellen, if you wanted to reproduce that image?

And no, Ellen, I don't expect an answer.

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Sit over there with the light behind you. Wait a minute; you look too comfortable. Let me get that hard bench I saw in the front room. There that's better.

No, not so straight; slump over a little; put your elbows on your knees. No, don't look at me; look at the fireplace.

Have you ever had something sad happen to you. A girl told all the other girls you were a tramp? Think about how that made you feel.

Snap.

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You're the one who is apparently on the right track, Ellen. Though it might not have been meant to make her look sad, just tired. She's sitting at her new fireplace, the Bosque Farms Project" in which the girl was resettled was a New Deal Program. Her family just won a lottery:

...In the 1920s, Otero sold his land in small lots to individuals, but due to the depression, which began 1929, the people were unable to make the payments. Otero repossessed the land, and in 1934 sold 2,420 acres to the New Mexico Rural Rehabilitation Corporation. The resettlement area was eventually taken over by the Federal Resettlement Administration (part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal) in 1935 and named the Bosque Farms Project.

This project divided the Bosque Farms tract into 42 parcels of 40 to 80 acres in size. Forty-two families were chosen by a lottery in May 1935, and paid $140 per acre on forty-year mortgages. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) funded the drainage trenches, homes, and roads, thus beginning the community of Bosque Farms....

Before checking out Bosque Fames, I felt it was an atypical Lange in its traditional composition and lighting. It seemed to me to strongly recall 19th & early 20th century genre pictures of people at a hearth, the kind of "home sweet home" pictures that lots of folks would have reproductions of in their houses in the 1930's.

Turns out it was probably sort of an advert for Bosque Farms. (Similar to the way the government run migrant camps were depicted as heaven for Ma Joad in the movie version of "Grapes of Wrath." Newspapers were encouraged to use her photos...this one showing the new home the girl got from FDR?

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...it was probably sort of an advert for Bosque Farms.

Congratulations, moron!

That's probably the stupidest remark anyone ever made about Dorothea Lange.

An advert for Bosque Farms!

Harharharhar!!!

I only wish I could dump you in that shit-hole!

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Lange believed in what the New Deal was trying to do, moron! She wasn't trying to get people to give charitable donations to suffering children.

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Here you go "moron"!!!

There are 36 photos of the Bosque Farms Project done for the F.S.A. in the Library of Congress, done in late 1935, early 1936, you can access them and other archives referencing the Bosque Farms Project at that link.

These nine were by Dorothea Lange, including the example you used:

Bosque Farms project. Making adobe brick for school and permanent houses. Bosque Farms, New Mexico.
Oct. 1935

Temporary housing for the settlers. Bosque Farms project, New Mexico. Dec. 1935

Resettled at Bosque Farms project. Family of four from Taos Junction shows temporary dwelling. Dec. 1935

Temporary home. These buildings to be remodeled later on for barns and outbuildings. Bosque Farms project, New Mexico., Dec. 1935

Resettled farm child from Taos Junction to Bosque Farms project. New Mexico. Dec. 1935

Resettled child of Bosque Farms, New Mexico. She herds cows for neighboring families for five cents per day. Dec. 1935

Making adobe bricks. Bosque Farms project, New Mexico. These bricks are to be used in construction of the new school building. Dec. 1935

Leveling the land for irrigation on the Bosque Farms project. The tract of two thousand four hundred acres to be cultivated under irrigation. New Mexico Dec. 1935

Farm child. This family is now resettled on the Bosque Farms project. New Mexico Dec. 1935

The rest were done by her fellow F.S.A. employee, Arthur Rothstein, of similar subjects, which you can also see at the link.

You can call it P.R. for the New Deal if the word advertising bothers you.

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P.S. Why are you interested in making everything an argument even when there's no need for it? And the name calling thing, what's that all about? Awful childish, if a performance act, it's grown quite tiresome for this reader. I only decided to comment on your thread because the comments started to get interesting. At which point you attempted to smash them down, a really dumb thing to do unless all you want is dittoheading.

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there's more at that link, it's interesting:

....Seventy-two families came from the dust bowl areas of Taos and Harding counties to the tree covered swamps called the Bosque during 1935. Many people kept right on moving, but 42 modern pioneer families stayed to build our present Bosque Farms community. Some families lived in tents until temporary houses were built. Fourteen of the families lived together in the barn next to the old Otero ranch. The men worked in crews to build ditches to drain the swamp and to clear the land of the trees. The people drew lots for their properties. 2-3 bedroom adobe homes were built by the project for the families on their lots. The loop road was called....

The citizens of Bosque Farms had to rent the land for a period of years before they could buy it. Therefore the rent had to be calculated by someone. This someone happened to be a council of five men. Bosque Farms was divided into four districts. Each district appointed a councilman. Then the whole community elected a chairman. This five man committee calculated rent, collected it and peacefully settled any arguments and controversies. There was a council meeting every month for about four years. The first year the families didn't do too much in the way of farming. Most of them put in ditches for irrigation and worked around their homes. By 1937 most people began to farm, but Lady Luck was not with all of them. Some were lucky enough to get a crop, but many ran into alkaline soil.

The government then paid for a complete soil testing....

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You should try that sometime.

Every idiot with a cell-phone camera already knows how to make photographs like Dorothea Lange, and yet...

They produce the same old shit, forever.

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You're the one who is a fool by putting yourself in the place of trying to argue that that photo wasn't purposefully composed. (Which is even more ridiculous on a thread where people are saying black and white photography can say so much more than a color snapshot or your average eyeball.) Give me a break, that particular photo even tries to remove itself from the momentary nature of photography into the realm of painting, it far from a "snapshot."

Ellen's actually pointing out the layer you put on top of Lange's intent with your own title. And I don't see a thing wrong with Ellen asking people to look at what intent Lange might have had, what kind of emotions she was trying to elicit from the viewer. Nobody's saying you have to dislike it once you've done it.

Are you for people really looking and studying images or are you for people seeing what Rootie says they should see?

BTW, the actual title is Resettled farm child, Taos Junction to Bosque Farms project, New Mexico, and the other is Child and Her Mother, Wapato, Yakima Valley, Washington.

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I read a great paper about photographic captions, and I can't remember who wrote it. That drives me crazy. At any rate, it focused on Alfred Stieglitz' immigration photos, and showed how his captions influenced what we "saw." Terry Eagleton? I don't know. But the point was that the photos themselves did not carry the connotations that the caption supplied.

http://images.artnet.com/aoa_lot_images/10286/0_370_550.jpg

What if Cartier-Bresson had titled the above "Yoda's half-brother Murry?" Would the image's meaning be changed?

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But the thing with Lange's photos for the government, they are actually documentary photos, like a documentary film these days. The titles are not art titles, they are like scientific labels. Once again, she did them in a project to document the situation with her husband, an agricultural economist, in this case, the Bosque Farms project.

That doesn't mean she also didn't intend them as art, clearly she was an artist, too. And it goes without saying that everyone is free to bring to an image whatever they want, whether it's a journalistic image or a "high" art piece, a good artist, like a good writer, will be interested in knowing what their work evokes, not in telling people what to think about it. And yeah, I agree with you that titles sometimes can ruin that if you're not trained to look first before knowing the title.

But Ellen did look first and she saw something and she didn't know the title. If you look at some of those other Lange photos of that particular project, you will see a couple more that are clearly posed for effect, the man making adobe, for example. You just get more out of it the more you dig into it, but yes, looking carefully first is crucial, the title comes second in most cases, that's a big mistake a lot of people make, can shut off part of what they might see if they didn't. Even with documentaries.

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Oh no! I'll never be able to get that caption out of my head.

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Well, yes, our emotional reaction might have been different. Maybe we'd say "Wow, who made that poor little girl pose in such a sad-looking way? What's going on with that?" We might wonder what the photographer wanted us to think about the photo or the child, or him/herself.

If the first photo were titled "God is with you, child," it would draw our attention to the blackness into which the child is staring, and by contrast, the unseen light washing over her.

If it were colorized and entitled "Waiting for Santa" it would be all Norman Rockwelly, although not one of his more upbeat images.

But, both these photos seem intended to convey something of what went on in the depression years, with or without posing. Hence, Resettled farm child, New Mexico, 1935.

We pretty much choose our own responses--sometimes we do it without considering that the artist--or the subject, or the person who shows the art, might be working hard to create a specific emotional response as well as simply pressing the button. (Putting the Art in Artifice as it were.) We might analyze the crap out of the images, or we might just go "Wow, the depression must have been tough," and spend a few minutes chatting about WPA.

By the way fellas, I'm not sure I agree about how artistically great those bad ol' days were, or that a decent body of art couldn't come out of these times, zombie proletariat and all. And I'm sometimes suspicious of B&W photographers--I'm like "Hey, plain old color film isn't good enough for ya?" (Although I will say that nothing enhances my own classically delicate features like the genteel refinement of a B&W print.)

I also speculate that Black & White photography launched the 20th century wave of anorexia--hefty models were in until Black & White became all the rage...any takers on that theory?

Let's see, what was my point? Oh yeah, even the loneliest-looking work of art is often a crowded thing, what with all the people, ideas, cultural significances and occasionally outright lies zooming around, rife with persuasion, sometimes crashing and causing people to actually talk to each other about what the hell things mean.

And all because 75 years ago somebody may or may not have said "Honey, go over and sit on that bench so I can take your picture."

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Wow, what an unexpectedly bizarre and cynical thread.

The first image reminds me of my mom, Rootie, who grew up in similar circumstances, judging by her stories and what few photos exist from her childhood. That's was dirt-poor looks like.

Anyway, the way you can tell the photos are authentically from the time period (Ellen) is by how skinny the girls are. Babies born after World War II were much better fed. My mom was that skinny, her collarbone plainly visible, her dress ill-fitting, and her socks falling down.

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That's what dirt-poor looks like.

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I love it when city-folk take an interest in country people.

"Hey you, rural feller with rickets! Stand over there with your foot up on that plow... No no, the GOOD foot!"

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Personally, I love documentarians. Without them, I would be far more ignorant than I am now. I think everyone has a story to tell, although not everyone has the means or confidence to tell their story to a wider audience.

Documentarians take an interest in poor city people, too, David Isay being one of my favorites in a different medium.

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I'm not talking photographers... I'm talking the commenters on this page!

HarHarHarHar!!

Hey you, OTHER fella with rickets!

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I like when people use the word "costume" for someone's clothes.

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In fact, I was checking out a homeless woman's "costume" yesterday in the Delancey Street subway station in Manhattan, but she gave me the hairy eyeball, so I decided to leave her alone.

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Well I just say thank God for rickets because they really photograph nicely, and nothing says "downtrodden" quite as well as a good case of rickets. You really don't even need to go to the trouble of interviewing the person with rickets: the rickets tell the story themselves.

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As Gasket says, costuming is important. And there's not much that says "country poor," like rickets. But... teeth. Those real bad country teeth. In my mind, it's dentistry that really separates the sheep from the goats.

We didn't all get rickets, but damn sure we all got bad teeth.

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You got that right!

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Hmm.

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Ever the cynical one....

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Ha. Okay, I meant American babies, and I considered adding the word "American," but since Rootie's pics are by an American about life in America, I thought it would be understood. My bad. America wasn't bombed to shit like England during the war, so we got much fatter much sooner after the war than the Brits did.

Meanwhile, these girls are not fashion models, so let's take that affect off the table when discussing them, 'k?

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Yes, it's also what fantastically rich looks like if you're lucky enough to have wide shoulders, long arms, a shapely waist, long legs, (especially long shins), high cheekbones and a "look," whatever that is.

For the rest of us, malnutrition isn't so flattering.

It is a strange world.

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The irony is that in the Yakima Lange, they are not dressed "poor" for 1939. And Lange rarely went after sympathy or pity, she was looking to project dignity.

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Interesting. Lange was trying to describe the dignity of people thrown into poverty.

And we look at these photos today and see a cliche--poverty, (gasp!) a fate worse than death. At least I do, though I don't like to admit it. If other people see it that way too, it doesn't bode well for a broad effort to fight it, because horror is not a good place from which to generate a compassionate social movement...

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Oh I didn't mean to imply that sometimes those sorts of emotions weren't intended.

She described it well here, talking about the 1936 "Migrant Mother" in 1960 to Popular Photography

....There she sat in that lean-to tent with her children huddled around her, and seemed to know that my pictures might help her, and so she helped me. There was a sort of equality about it.

The pea crop at Nipomo had frozen and there was no work for anybody. But I did not approach the tents and shelters of other stranded pea-pickers. It was not necessary; I knew I had recorded the essence of my assignment."

References:
Lange, Dorothea, "The Assignment I'll Never Forget: Migrant Mother," Popular Photography (February 1960); Curtis, James. Mind's Eye, Mind's Truth: FSA Photography Reconsidered. (1989).

P.S. The Lange photos reproduced on that page have her field notes that go with them.

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Yes, this is an odd thread, isn't it? Someone posts something they think is unassailable, only to find that not even the seeming patron saint of the WPA is immune from suspicion.

Does it represent the now-overwhelming politicization of our lives?

For so long, it seemed that art could exist outside of politics, or at least exist in a loosely "liberal" world where most of us who identified as artists, or "arty" or even as "patrons of the arts" could go about in a bubble of goodwill. That's gone now, replaced by analysis and self-examination everywhere we look.

Back in the day, friends who came from Behind the Iron Curtain used to say that our artistic disagreements were silly, contrived and came from a place of entitlement. They were frustrated that we didn't understand that art existed in a world of political life and death. I believe I'm learning what they meant.

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"For so long, it seemed that art could exist outside of politics, or at least exist in a loosely "liberal" world where most of us who identified as artists, or "arty" or even as "patrons of the arts" could go about in a bubble of goodwill. That's gone now, replaced by analysis and self-examination everywhere we look."

I blame Ellen.

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Let's deliver the snark on this one, people:

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120028213

Come on, I know you can. Please don't disappoint.

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I've got no snark for this one, what a sad story.

Just an observation. Those of us lobbying for a public option need to understand that this specific case appears to be a problem of bureaucracy and human error, and similar cases will happen even with a public option (or single payer) in place. We will need to be ready for that. It's not like massive medical screwups will just end suddenly. We do need to be prepared for a backlash.

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I was more referring to the use of artistic means to draw attention to social problems, or even one person's pain and frustration.

Since the mural isn't very good according to higher-brow artistic standards, I though I'd let the cynics have a go at it.

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I think you might have quieted the cynics panel on this one. In this case, where art is being used pretty much as a pure political statement, the artistic value and "premeditation" for lack of a better word wouldn't be an issue....

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"Never look to philosophy [politics] for knowledge about art. Philosophy [politics] only takes from art that which is of interest to philosophy [politics]. - Arthur C. Danto [sans brackets].

Any art criticism worthy of its salt must question the presumptions and biases civilizations may have towards a work of art. That can be unsettling. For example, the Mona Lisa in pop culture is the penultimate painting, but it is so because it was stolen and became a top news headline, and the works doom was sealed by its becoming an advertising mascot. In 1911 one could buy anything from Mona Lisa tomato paste to Mona Lisa underwear. Of course the painting has intrinsic merits, but that is not why it has been iconized as the world's greatest painting. (see: "The Rat's Ass" - Molly Nesbit, "October 56", MIT press, Spring 1991)

At any rate, I don't think it's cynical at all questions presumptions about works of art. Roots gives us a great example, by naming Lange's photos and thus changing the meaning of the images. Art with a capital "A" is all those things - the work, its history, culture and criticism.

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Great advice for most art, neoboho, however, don't forget that Lange produced most of her photos for an actual political project. They were intended to be political. Once again, she wasn't in the WPA art program, and her most famous work, including the pieces here, were done as a journalist/documentarian for the F.S.A.

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My art expertise can be bracketed by two statements which mark the extremes of what I might normally say when going through an art exhibition.
"Hey, that looks pretty cool", to, "What the hell is THAT supposed to be?" The two pictures fall ih the pretty cool category.
My knowledge of classical music is even more limited than that but I am reminded of a program I listened to on NPR once about different composers renditions of Romeo and Juliet. In listening I could relate some of the musical passages to parts of the play, but if I hadn't known the title, that is to say, what the music was "about", I am sure that it would have been a different listening experience.

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