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Obama's Goal: Halving the Budget Deficit by 2012. Really?


The President's message on fiscal responsibility -- that he'll cut the current one by half by the end of his first term -- is smart politics right now, but it may be dumb politics by November of 2012, and doesn't make much economic sense regardless.

We're in a deepening recession, in case you hadn't noticed. The biggest challenge is to ramp up aggregate demand. Yes, we have to borrow lots from the Chinese and Japanese to do this, and, yes, it's costly in terms of additional interest payments to them. But there's no choice. In fact, if the slump gets worse -- and I have every reason to fear it will because that's the direction we're heading in as fast as you can imagine -- we'll probably have to have a second stimulus. And if the second isn't enough, a third. And so on. FDR's biggest mistake was doing too little until World War II. (No one should interpret this as a recommendation for more military spending -- I'm just saying Obama will probably have to think and do much bigger than the $787 billion stimulus so far.)

Can we continue to borrow and borrow and borrow? Yes, but eventually we'll have to pay higher interest rates to continue to attract global savings, mostly from the Chinese and Japanese. But that's not anytime soon. The Chinese and Japanese are not going to yank their money out of Treasury bills because the slump is worldwide and T-bills are about the best and safest place to park savings. Besides, the Chinese don't want the dollar to plunge. They'd be stuck with a lot of paper worth far less than they got it for, and their exports would be in even worse shape than now. Blue-Dog Democrats, Washington insiders who love to prattle on about the dangers of too much debt, Wall Street bond traders, and most of the Republican Party (including, notably, John McCain and La. Governor Bobby Jindal, the two "front-runners" for the Republican presidency in 2012, at least in terms of media attention), will continue to fuss about the skyrocketing debt. The very word "trillions" when juxtaposed with the word "dollars" is enough to send most people into paroxisms of shock and awe. So it makes political sense to talk now about fiscal responsibility, especially with Obama's first budget emerging this week, along with the likelihood that Geithner will soon ask for additional money for Wall Street.

But what happens when and if it's 2012 and the economy continues to need boosting? That promise could be a huge liability.

As to the economics, remember that when it comes to deficits and debt, the real issues over the long term are (1) the ratio of debt to GDP (we're still under 50 percent, which ain't bad, considering all the spending that's been going on; at the end of World War II it was substantially above 120 percent). And (2) whether and when we're back to growing the GDP, which is the most reliable way of improving the ratio.

If and when the stimulus package is big enough to get us back to full capacity, and if and when we make the public investments necessary to enlarge that capacity -- including the health and the education of our kids and our workforce, including a sustainable energy infrastructure, including public health and the environment -- we'll be in fine shape.

Halving the budget deficit by 2012 is a nice goal but it has little to do with the economic challenge we now face.

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He probably could easily do it *and* all the stimulus, by cutting the bloated military budget, were we living in a sane country.

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co-sign!

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No I don't think he could do it by cutting the bloated military budget alone. He has to rescind or let Bush's tax cuts die, retool healthcare policy with single payer and then he'd have a shot at it.

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Yes, Mark, you're right. That alone would not do it. But it would make me happy!

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He has to rescind or let Bush's tax cuts die, retool healthcare policy with single payer

I think it would be more accurate to say: "retool with single payer and drastically cut medical services."

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This seems rather out of touch. Obama is clearly interested in reducing *structural* deficit spending by 2012 and he's not at all worried about short term "stimulus" deficits. If "short term" turns out to be 4 years of over $1T annual Federal deficits, well, ouch.

When discussing debt, it's also worth looking at private debt, not just government debt, relative to GDP.

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the ratio of debt to GDP (we're still under 50 percent, which ain't bad, considering all the spending that's been going on; at the end of World War II it was substantially above 120 percent)

That sounded wrong to me, but after dredging up MONTHLY STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES JANUARY 31, 2009 , I concluded that Sec. Reich must take the Fedguv debt to be about 6,400 billion dollars rather than about 10, 650 billion dollars -- overwhelmingly by exclusion of what the Treasury calls the "Government Account Series" of "Intragovernmental Holdings." That little trifle of 4,300 billion dollars can hardly be anything but what the vernacular would call "Social Security and Medicare."

The prestidigitator can count it in or leave it out to suit himself, but let everybody resolve not to let him get away with leaving it out when he wants to make "THE national debt" look smaller but reckoning it in whenever he wants old folks’ pensions and medical services to seem better assured.

Taking annual GDP to be 14,500 billion dollars, the debt-to-GDP ratios are roughly 73.4% and 44.1%.

Happy days.

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Well said Mr Reich. If Obama tries to balance the budget, -as FDR did in the 30's- in a weak aggregate demand environment this will result in continued or further GDP weakening which will get him summarily bounced in 2012.

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Exactly. One can only hope Robert gets more of the President's ear than guys like Summers.

The problem with making these statements is that if that budget deficit isn't cut by 2012, the GOP is going to toss it at him. There really isn't any point in just giving them a potential talking point. Or to feel forced into cutting just to cut.


John

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As long as Obama uses "cut deficits in half" rhetoric to scuttle Bush's tax cuts it's an effective ploy.

Repubs swore up and down those cuts would only be temporary when they passed them and have demanded they be made permanent since. If they're going to shout about trillion dollar deficits then they have to accept rolling back those tax rates to the Clinton ones that gave us nominal surpluses in the late 1990s. The sooner the days of CEOs paying less in taxes than their secretaries are gone the better for everybody.

Nobody is gonna care about that quote next year when the economy is still in the crapper and stim growth is the only growth or in 2012 if the economy is on an upswing. The American people see what Obama is trying to do and they approve. As long as we keep exposing R lies and co-opt the Blue Dogs we'll be ok.

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In my view, it's a no-brainer. The FY09 deficit will likely be on the order of $1.6 Trillion*. So he's promising to whittle the FY12 deficit down to $800 Billion. Maybe they miss by a little bit, and it's $900 Billion. That seems do-able, while still spending a fair amount of money.

Besides, I think the real goal is to hold off the inflation hawks for a little while, and get a little breathing room for spending now, by making this (empty?) promise for the future. Maybe he can keep gold from going to $2,000 this year, for example.

(*Didn't the OMB already project a FY09 deficit of $1.0 Trillion, before Obama was even inaugurated and we started working on the (first) stimulus package? That's where I'm getting my $1.6T guestimate, anyway.)

-- ARG

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Seems to me it's a strategic move as well, ARG.

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And if he keeps up "strategizing," pretty soon nothing he says will be believed.

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My main point is that half of this year's deficit will still be a pretty large number -- large enough that it would be the biggest in history, were it not for this year's (and the two between now and then -- by then I suppose it will be the fourth biggest in history).

So Obama could still be doing a lot of stimulus in FY12, running an $800B deficit. And if we run deficits, say, of $1.6T, $1.4T, and $1.1T, we might have actually spent our way out of this thing by then.

-- ARG

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But what happens when and if it's 2012 and the economy continues to need boosting? That promise could be a huge liability.

If it is 2012 and the economy still needs boosting, that promise won't matter

Obama will have much more to worry about

Like getting re-elected

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Didn't raising taxes and cutting spending worsen the depression? I mean seriously HISTORY people.

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Look, if Obama is going to cut back on programs that pay almost luxury prices for items, ie. missile defense shields that could cost tens of billions and spend on something else that would possibly put more people to work then, that would be the smart thing to do, no? Defense spending seems to be premium pricing at its best. Look for McCain and other Republicans to assist in defense spending. This will allow them to be the deficit hawks they claim to be and take the brunt of the cutting back on defense spending that is already firing up on the lunatic fringe right wing.

Also, a large % of balancing is going to come from cutting back in Iraq, increasing taxes. So, in other words, money being payed into Iraq to rebuild them gives us a horrible ROI since money invested there is gone. I'm not sure how cutting back on spending in Iraq is a bad thing.

You can be certain Obama and his advisers have studies all previous recessions and depressions and are well aware of cuts to in house stimulus caused the second recession in '37. I don't think they'll make that grave error again.

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Am I misreading Mr. Reich, or is he saying that he doesn't think the economic crisis will turn around by the end of President Obama's first term?

That's not a very heartening prognosis for re-election regardless of what President Obama does with the budget deficit.

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It's at least necessary to give lip service to cutting the deficit.

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It is certainly necessary to reassure the public that you don't plan to go on a bender


Jared Bernstein's getting much TV face time these days

Good work!

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All spending is not equal. Replacing spending with a low multiplier (say .75) with spending with a high multiplier (say 1.5) is actually stimulative to the economy even if the total amount spend on the second is half of the first.

If you look at how Obama is planning to cut the budget there is a lot of this going on. Aside from cutting out the Iraq war, he is reversing the unstimulative tax cuts to the rich and also the carried interest loophole.

If he starts talking about cutting unemployment benefits, then I'll agree.

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Is this political ammunition/motivation for early and serious health care reform?

We have to do it now or we'll never reduce the deficit by 2012.

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Thank you, Mr. Reich! I have always valued your perspective. When I first heard the other day that Obama had made that promise, I thought, "Is he crazy? Surely he knows about the blunder Roosevelt made by trying to balance the budget in 1937?"

I don't think Obama is crazy, and I know he has studied Roosevelt's handling of the Great Depression, so I can only hope that he is making some political calculation that is not clear to me at the moment. It seems like a huge risk even if that is the case, but I also know that Obama is a careful poker player and not given to betting the bank on long shots.

Knowing that doesn't take the knots out of my stomach, though.

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I think it’s a great political move by Obama.

Telling the Republicans to either put up or shut up.

All the while the Republicans had control, they proved to be hypocrites about fiscal responsibility.

Sure they cut expenditures on the Social side of the ledger, and spent more than they cut to finance their preferred projects.

It is said “To the victor the spoils”.

Now when the Republicans are not in control they want to run opposition and now fiscal responsibility is paramount.

Okay Republicans,

Obama plans on cutting the deficit in order to address your phony excuses against the stimulus.

We have deficits Republicans, which programs do you wish to address? Which ones do you wish to cut? Social Security benefits? Corporate welfare? You can’t run away now.

Speak up cowards. Run on your record run, run on your ideas, no more will you be able to obfuscate YOUR RESPONSIBILITY, IN THIS CRISIS

Put up or shut up!!!

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Always fun to read the great Dr. Reich. In the end you make me feel better.

There will be more spending programs. That is just my opinion. I think President Obama is engaged in a complicated chess game and the repubs see it coming and cannot do a damn thing about it. All they can do is hope for disaster, like rush.

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The era in which we live -- 6 billion people, global communications, multinational markets, etc -- is extremely complex. It's hard to understand just how complex it all is, and the lure of simple solutions have tremendous emotional pull.

I think the amount of confusing information is overwhelming most of us, and that in and of itself leads to frustration. And then frustration leads to bad decision-making.

Step 1: try to figure it out and be less frustrated.
I'm not sure how much progress we're making on Step 1.

So it's not clear how we get to Step 2, which would be a more realistic discussion of how much money is actually needed.

JMVHO.

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Reich is wrong. Obama has to say something like this to reassure the Chinese and Japanese who hopefully will continue to lend us money. If Obama doesn't live up to his promise, he'll be out of office, but if he doesn't make the promise now, we're down the tubes even faster. Reich should STFU; he isn't helping matters one bit.

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mike from arlington makes a good point. the specifics of obama's deficit reduction plan doesn't drain anything from demand that the economy needs:

- letting bush tax cuts for the wealthiest expire, including estate tax (major revenue raiser)

- reducing iraq spending and hopefully defense spending in general (major cost reduction)

- reducing a select few wasteful subsidies or programs

Letting the tax cuts expire may decrease luxury spending, hedge fund investment, or VC investment but I think it'd be a drop in the bucket and not necessarily a bad thing.

Also, it seems that the spending on climate change and healthcare will be coupled with revenue raisers. Isn't that a more sustainable structure that still stimulates? For example, if the government auctions carbon credits they plan to use some of that money to invest in the clean tech sector and also to help consumers handle the increased energy costs. You build and nurture an extremely necessary industry and simultaneously stimulate demand for efficient and sustainable technologies and products. if it's fiscally responsible, it's even better

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Speaking of cutting back on spending...

This is a bit off topic but does relate to spending.

It sounds like something big is being planned right now in America.

I don't know if people saw the energy summit that was going on in DC I assume. I was watching it late last night on C-SPAN. There were members of renewable energy and climate change subcommittee members, Salizar, Chu, Pickens, Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Pelosi, leaders from other countries and numerous others.

They were speaking of creating a new nation wide energy grid to not only connect our new sources of renewable energy from wind farms in ND and off the east and west coasts and geothermal, but also replace the existing grid and allow ways for people to plug into this new grid from their own homes, allowing them to generate their own electricity through solar panels and sell energy back to the grid at competitive prices.

Chu had ideas to solutions to account for fluctuations in wind by using some sort of new battery technology. He also outlined the variations of standards between the various grids, the eastern, western and Texas grid and how some sort of agreement is going to have to get settled first. The Gov. of NY was pointing out how some new Federal initiative or mandate will have to be drafted to avoid having planning tied up in the states for years as to where the new electrical grid will be located since nobody wants wires around their house.

They were explaining how people were behind the highway system because they understood how having access to these large roads would allow them to get around quicker, transport goods more efficiently, etc. They mentioned the same approach should be used with this energy grid, explaining to people as I previously mentioned, individuals could plug into this grid, purchase and sell energy, creating entrepreneurship by individuals creating their own energy.

Anyways, the way these people were talking, sounded like it was going to happen. I wish I had more details and could provide a more technical breakdown of their discussions but much of the technology was beyond my knowledge.

It was pretty interesting stuff to say the least. Maybe someone with more knowledge on this stuff could write something up.

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Cut the deficit.

We can't afford 10 billion a month for foreign wars; can't afford 3 billion a year for Israel; can't afford runaway defense procurement, can't afford not to let Bush's tax cuts for the rich die a natural death

Cut the deficit

Here ends the lesson

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Robert Reich

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