Why is Megan McArdle freaking me out?
Let me just say, I don't usually read McArdle. But I wanted to write something about the moral sentiments and the financial crisis, and I figured she might have something helpfully weird and disconcerting to say to kick things off. And she thankfully obliged with the following nugget in her explanation of the claim that there are no villains in this global tragedy:
"When something is common enough, I think it definitionally isn't villanous. It may be a practice that should be fixed--we should all be more careful when starting our cars, I'm sure. But most of us have, at some point in our lives, accidentally stepped on the gas instead of the brake. And in the overwhelming majority of cases, this is not a huge problem, or even a problem at all--we run into the curbstone, or roar out of the driveway a little too fast. We don't punish people merely because, through a fluke of circumstance, the one time THEY did it happened to be fatal. Or at least, we shouldn't."
She puts the widespread anger and outrage down to self-serving externalizing of blame for the catastrophe: 'There simply isn't warrant for blaming big finance for what has happened'. She bases this exculpatory judgment on a few principles regarding moral responsibility.
- If enough people are doing it, it isn't blameworthy
- If it wasn't intentional, you're not responsible for the consequences
- If it's merely a 'fluke of circumstance' that your actions cause the harm, you are not responsible for the harm
- There's no evidence the practices that led to the financial meltdown were illegal.
Let's take these points one by one. Serfdom, slavery, apartheid used to be 'common enough', but that hardly means there was nothing wrong with them. A closer, perhaps fairer, analogy would be practices dominant in certain industries. Think of the tobacco industry lying about the addictive and carcinogenic properties of cigarettes. Think of the widespread practice of denying reimbursement without justification in the health insurance industry. If enough players in an industry does something, and no law or government agency is there to stop them, does that make it okay? If an industry burns down all the trees in the forest, and all the regulators are too captured to notice the fire behind the smoke, did it even happen? You would think moral blame would attach more to the degree of harm inflicted than to how fashionable something happens to be.
The second point about intent is even stranger. Most legal and moral systems incorporate the notion of culpable negligence. If a builder skimps on costs and constructs a rickety school in an earthquake zone, nobody is accusing him of wanting to kill school-children. He merely doesn't care whether they die or not. If big finance doesn't bother to consider the possibility of house prices reverting back to their long-term trend, knowing armageddon or a bail-out would ensue, nobody is accusing them of wanting to destroy the financial system, merely that they do not care if they do (remember how Dick Fuld 'could not imagine' Lehman not getting a bail-out). Three to four years of bubble-level bonuses will suffice for a comfortable retirement in any case.
The third point is outright wacky. On the issue of responsibility and the role of chance, it is difficult to know what to say. It doesn't really seem a 'fluke' that fraud on the part of mortgage originators, credit ratings agencies and investment banks (hiding the risks of the assets they were respectively creating, rating or buying) caused the financial meltdown. Could my grandmother just as well have caused the meltdown? Maybe... if she were, say, the CEO of Lehman and had done what Dick Fuld did; i.e. if she were Dick Fuld. But I'm not sure what that has to do with anything
Perhaps McArdle's point is more subtle. Perhaps she is playing that old Jesus card: 'let he who is without sin cast the first stone...'. Well, yes, I once stole some candy from a story as a dare, but I was only eight and impressionable. I also occasionally lied to my mother. But I did not gamble trillions of dollars and lie about the risks to make a short-term profit while putting the world economy in danger. A little introspection is fine. Self-awareness is a good thing. But let's not get carried away.
The fourth point has me worried about McArdle's mental health. Yes, evidence of wrong-doing is so hard to come by. We've got e-mails from credit-rating agencies laughing about the cow-manure they're tagging as AAA. We've got Goldman singing the merits of the MBS they were selling while they held a short position on the self-same securities. We've got evidence they had a history of these snake-oil vendor practices during the 90's, and were condemned in a court of law. We've got evidence the SEC is too incompetent and captured to investigate the Wall Street majors. Maybe not enough for suspicion? If only there were some journalists interested in digging beneath the rubble of the financial system to investigate risk-management, accounting, and trading practices. Someone like the business editor of a major magazine like The Atlantic with resources and clout. Golly, if only McArdle could turn to someone like that...
There's a kind of moral anosognosia going on here. The human mind has an incredible capacity to misunderstand itself. Sometimes paralysis is accompanied by denial and odd excuses ("I can't move it because that isn't my arm at all, it's my husband's, just attached to me"). It's a phenomenon with a broad application. 'Sure, I am perfectly capable of assigning blame and moral outrage, but there's just no reason to, nor is it my job to find out if there is reason to, nor would anything convince me to do so'. Moral paralysis accompanied by fantastical rationalization.
I'm not saying McArdle is a hack, knowingly spouting bullshit for her corporate masters. She's not a socio-path devoid of self-awareness. She doesn't seem like a bad person. She's not in denial out of self-interest. But she's definitely also not making any sense. She's just got a very localized dysfunction in her moral cognitive system. Moral cognition involves among other things 'mental time travel', projecting yourself into hypothetical or real scenarios as you imagine yourself doing the deed or suffering the deed, and see whether you feel respectively guilt (or remorse, or shame) or anger. After you run through enough scenarios you build up a moral theory comprised of principles with more or less general application that justify those sentiments. When you run yourself through the relevant scenarios and feel nothing, but you've got some conspicuous instance of negligence or intent to benefit by harming someone, you can get the strangest explanations attempting to reconcile theory and (absence of) feeling. Enter McArdle, oddly but comfortably numb.
P.S. Am I getting repetitive? Do let me know...
















"She's just got a very localized dysfunction in her moral cognitive system."
I love this, but doesn't it amount to saying that when she's making decisions on questions that fall within that area of her life & brain... the zone where she has no shared experience and thus, has no sense of guilt or shame or remorse... then she IS a moral monster and a socio-path?
Interesting, how she just can't come to terms with it. Seems to me easy enough to see that there are layers of guilt in this game. The Big Fishies who actively thought about and conspired and broke and changed rules and knew there was risk and cost and pain and dumped it on others anyway.... Then those who just wreaked havoc but stayed within the rules as they knew them, and continued on because they weren't the ones being hurt... Then the small-time, front-line, operators, who cut corners, flipped, stretched and lied to feed their greed.... And then there were the millions who let this shit happen by voting (or not) for morons.
I think we should just kill the first 3 groups of people.
Though perhaps that's just a very localized dysfunction in my moral cognitive system talking. ;-)
July 22, 2009 1:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
Q, you're always such a voice of compromise. Okay, only the first three groups. Leniency, always the better part of valor. Or something.
Like Sleepin said the other day - where's the outrage. There's a kind of national lobotomization that's happened. Golly, this industry took us to the cleaners, but what to do? Not claw back bonuses based on fictional profits. Or fire anyone. Much less charge anyone.
July 22, 2009 2:35 PM | Reply | Permalink
You're being freaked out because you're paying attention to what Meghan McCardle says, and she's an idiot.
July 22, 2009 1:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
Touché, Brantlamb. What is a bit freakier is how many McArdles there are out there.
July 22, 2009 2:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
oops, I stepped on the gas instead of the brake, I hope the ten year old I ran over doesn't mind. Can I go home now?
oops, I guess I oversold that hedge fund. Can I take the ten mill I have in my bank account and go home now?
oops, I guess I miscalculated the automobile market, can I take my 50 million dollar golden parachute and go home now.
oops, I guess I misadvised some of my clients on the commodity market. Can I take my 5 mill and go home now?
oops, I guess my administration misstrategized, can I go home now and have that professor write a 20 mill dollar book for me?
July 22, 2009 2:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
And now Oops we're doing it again...
What is this, Britney Spears ethics?
July 22, 2009 4:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
lol
July 22, 2009 4:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
Your link amuses me. BBB- is the worst you can get.
Even at Harvard you have a gentleman's C.
lets go to an A thru F rating system.
July 22, 2009 6:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
These ratings agencies have become a joke. They switch their rating from junk to super-safe just because the banks holding this crap need the better rating to keep capital requirements down. And NO ONE is suggesting reforming the role of the agencies in the system...
July 22, 2009 6:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
Love it! :-)
July 22, 2009 3:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thanks Thera! ;0)
July 22, 2009 4:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
What is sobering to me, Obey, is that McArdles' rationalized ethics are not confined to the good 'ole boys banded together at the top of the financial heap, or to those regulatory bodies or reporters who excuse them.
I don't know about the professional or personal worlds you inhabit; but for the past five? to ten? years, I've heard the same smooth steamroller of disclaimer in just about every facet of my life, no matter what gender or generation or venue is involved. And so what really, really concerns me is not the entitlement/eschewing of responsibility among the manipulators and apologists on Wall Street, but that similarly cynical postures are being voiced by John and Jane Doe in Middle America. And, of far direr consequence, by their children -- the generations that have come of age during the past decade or will come of age in the next few years, hearing only this as a manifesto of malfeasance.
You ask: where is the outrage? As I see it, there isn't much outrage -- except to the extent that Everyman and Everywomen perceives a lack of fairness in the distribution, not necessarily of wealth, but in the ability to get away with whatever.
So the question in my mind is not where is the outrage, but rather, where are the people with a perception of boundaries that are inviolate, regardless of circumstance?
July 22, 2009 6:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
That sounds about right Staebler. I've tried to get away from the professional spheres where this kind of thinking is prevalent. I'm in Switzerland now and the way the bailout of the banks happened here was somewhat different. The public outrage led to the bankers giving back a good portion of their bonuses from the bubble years, salaries are down, future bonuses are tied to the performance of toxic assets, etc. At least lip-service to basic decency and propriety. All this seemingly inconceivable in the States.
July 22, 2009 6:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
Your comments ring up a lot of (unhappy) answers I think, WW.
Where's the outrage? Well, if a majority of our society has bought into the idea that greed is just fine... And what if 60% of the population has those localized dysfunctions? And what if localized turns out to be pretty widespread?
July 23, 2009 12:22 AM | Reply | Permalink
60%? That's what I like about you Quinn -- that optimism...hope it catches on.
July 23, 2009 9:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
Obey: If Geneva -- oh well. If Lugano, will you be there for the Blues Festival? A wonderful experience, a way to flee the mind and experience both body and emotion -- at first, self-consciously, but then, viscerally, serendipitously, and mindlessly.
July 22, 2009 7:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
That would be 'oh well'...
But will take a look at the Lugano Festival. Thanks for the tip!
July 22, 2009 7:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
And also.
Obey -- just curious. Why is it that you call me Staebler? As if I were one of your male friends, as compared to calling me WW or Wendy?
Perhaps you missed the kerfuffel last year when Articleman called me a "she stud" without any photo reference or personal acquaintance to make that claim.
I confess -- that designation hurt me. As it made me angry. And so, perhaps lending credence to his unfounded claim, I wrote this:
http://tpmcafe.talkingpointsmemo.com/talk/blogs/wwstaebler/2008/07/27-week/
I am not suggesting that callling me Staebler qualifies on any scale as the same insult/injury as being called a "she-stud." But I am perplexed -- and admittedly alarmed -- that what I write seems to evoke responses from men that are at best collegial, and at worst are gender neutralizing.
So tell me, what is it I say or write that gives men the impression that I am one of you, sort of, rather than a woman who loves men, but is, fundamentally, female?
July 22, 2009 7:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
Sorry Wendy. Hadn't thought about it that way. And hadn't thought of you as anything but fundamentally and, to be honest, quite impressively female. ;0)
I guess when I first respond to someone I randomly pick on whatever looks name-like in a username. And then just end up sticking to that. Not much thought goes on in my pug-brain. I shall revise...
July 22, 2009 7:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thank you for your empathetic reply, Obey. My question exposed what might be contrued as an embarrassing hypersensitivity on my part -- so I thank you, not only for your courtesy, but also for your demonstration of personal ethics -- not afraid to say "oops" and/or ""Sorry."
Now.... about that Blues Festival...
July 22, 2009 8:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
Oy!
Glad SOMEONE is thinking about these things.
July 22, 2009 7:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thanks Chicken!
July 23, 2009 5:58 AM | Reply | Permalink
I wonder if Miss McArdle uses a Prius or Cadillac, but in a usual car it is very easy to notice that the sound that the car is making is not consistent with pressing break pedal to the floor.
So a case of a husband expiring in such circumstances would be investigated. Now, suppose that it looks perfectly innocent but --- 100 husbands in town die in similar circumstances. Would it increase, or decrease your suspicions?
July 22, 2009 11:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
Piotr, ok, a new theory: McArdle just doesn't really care much for her husband...
July 23, 2009 5:56 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'm kinda stuck at the part where she talks about how we all have stepped on the gas instead of the brakes when starting the car so if we kill someone, well, oops, too bad, soo sad. It makes it hard for me to read anything else this person has ever or will ever write about anything. Thanks for the post Obey.
July 22, 2009 11:33 PM | Reply | Permalink
"It makes it hard for me to read anything else this person has ever or will ever write about anything."
- that was kind of the goal of this post. Success!! Much too many people respond to her with respect and seriousness. Why, I shall never understand...
July 23, 2009 6:01 AM | Reply | Permalink
Is it because she is 6'5" or something? That scares me.
Seriously though Obey why are you reading "MBA" McCardle? I had to stop around May. Couldn't take one more example of her defending the status quo of million$ needed "reward talent" while whining about the fact that she would never be able to afford a house in the DC market. (this is where I would bash my head against the wall and lament that maybe journalism deserves to die).
Go back to the really disturbing guys like Greg Mankiw. Give Megan a decade or two to figure out how to connect the dots.
July 23, 2009 12:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
Ok, conceded Sal. Just laying out different kinds of weirdness. Mankiw's smart and says stupid things. McArdle's stupid and yet has a job. It's a strange world.
July 23, 2009 6:05 AM | Reply | Permalink
I thought you had to be 70+ to get off on the gas/brakes mix-up defense (Actually, I've never done that in forty years of driving; does that make me a freak?).
I wonder of Ms. McCardle came to the defense of the homeless guy (turned away from rehab) last winter who, starving, walked into a bank and asked for the cash. The teller handed him a stack of hundreds but he took only one and apologized for that. The next day he returned the money, saying he wasn't brought up like that. He only got fifteen years.
The whole financial system is rife with fraud. It is built on fraud from the sub-prime liar loans to the CDS to the rating agencies and even the revolving door regulators. In most of these cases the fraud is right there in black and white. It is obvious and obviously criminal. How many cases are being prosecuted? How many of these guys have apologized and returned the money? How many will spend fifteen days, much less fifteen years, in jail?
July 23, 2009 2:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
You know Don, I think people have the moral underpinnings of plutocracy the wrong way around. It is not that we believe the rich are better because they must have earned their wealth. It is that they deserve their riches because being rich makes you better. Or something.
July 23, 2009 6:13 AM | Reply | Permalink
It doesn't exactly say much about YOUR mental health that you just wrote this long piece obsessing about Megan McArdle.
July 23, 2009 6:04 AM | Reply | Permalink
LOL! Well, thanks for reading.
July 23, 2009 6:07 AM | Reply | Permalink
Must be someone that mistakes the gas pedal for the brake pedal...
July 23, 2009 7:48 AM | Reply | Permalink
What's a brake pedal? ;O)
July 23, 2009 8:29 AM | Reply | Permalink
It's over by the clutch thingy.
=D
July 23, 2009 8:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
Obey: the clock is ticking on your post, but I'm curious to know what you see as solutions -- not in terms of a market correction, but an ethical correction?
Since you posted this yesterday, I've been thinking about the difference between the outrage that is in short supply and the rage that is endemic everywhere. Curiously, rage that is more often expressed by the miscreants/malfeasors (is that actually a word?) who do not like being questioned or challenged, at all, and who therefore can be counted on to respond with either derisive shrugs of dismissal or blasts of belligerence -- both of which responses are intended to shut down any further discussion and both of which are very often successful.
What to do? I've given up cable news, said goodbye to a number of publications and columnists I used to read and now try to avoid contact with known perpetrators of ethical crimes -- whether known professionally or personally. But playing possum is not the answer, either. What, in your view, is a more effective counter?
July 23, 2009 9:56 AM | Reply | Permalink
I've been looking at your question for a while Wendy, and don't know what to say. Pinpointing a problem is a start (though harping on it like I do maybe has decreasing marginal utility...). I don't think any one factor is all that essential. But let me try a couple of points. One force that helps suppress our moral instincts is the argument from necessity or impossibility. We can't say we or others 'should' do something if we ore they 'can't'. you see it in ancient ambivalence on the inhumanity of slavery, more recently on apartheid, and right now on poverty aleviation (cf Krauthammer or those oh so popular Africa wonks) or my pet peeve - restraining big finance. You shrink the field of the feasible and the tug of morality loses its grip. On the other hand, if you start opening up possibilities for doing what is right - like health care reform - people open themselves to all kinds of other possibilities. It's a question of the momentum reversing. On a more personal level, a couple of years ago I had a hard choice between a soul-crushing but extremely well-paid job in finance and going to do something worthwhile but badly paid. I chose the latter, but it hasn't been easy and I'm still not sure if it was the 'prudent' choice (there were loved ones I could have taken better care of, etc). But that is to some extent a matter of society setting up perverted incentives causing people to bow to 'necessity', and then rationalizing those choices. It reminds me of Agamemnon putting on the yoke of madness when he goes to sacrifice his daughter. I see glimmers of that madness every now and then.
Another thing is the disappearance of shame. It's unfashionable for a number of reasons, some more well-meaning than others. I still think - pace Q - that most people have a sense of decency. It just lies dormant. Our emotions react to these values that are salient, or made salient, in a situation. Pointing out shameful aspects of a situation is so closely related to acts of shaming or humiliating that it is generally regarded as 'bad form'. It is a charge that penetrates too deeply not to be seen as other than a malevolent attack. If people are too invested in their outlook, taking such points constructively just isn't an option. So my solution is catching them young, before they're invested in anything...
July 23, 2009 11:19 AM | Reply | Permalink
Obey --
You've given me a lot to think about by saying:
"Pointing out shameful aspects of a situation is so closely related to acts of shaming or humiliating that it is generally regarded as 'bad form'. It is a charge that penetrates too deeply not to be seen as other than a malevolent attack. If people are too invested in their outlook, taking such points constructively just isn't an option."
I know you're right about this, at least in terms of where we, as a culture, are now. But it was not always so. Hiamm Ginott's whole theory of child rearing was that it is not only possible, but actually healthy to question and discuss a child's decisions and/or actions.... so long as one is careful to "criticize the behavior, but not the child."
I'm waiting for a revival of that theory. But while "waiting for Ginott," I'll continue to be alert, watching out for people with yokes of madness, as I've no desire to be sacrificed for a favorable wind. (Did I mention that my middle name is Iphegenia? Just kidding.)
And, Obey? I'm sorry I questioned you about calling me Staebler, at least while your thread was still open. I should have waited until after the clock ran out, or better, should have not mentioned it at all.
July 23, 2009 1:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
"I'm waiting for a revival of that theory."
Wendy, shame and it's role in psychology, moral philosophy and social policy has taken a beating for a lot of reasons. It's actually something I'm working with a few others on - to rectify. But whether that gets out of the ivory tower at all is another matter. It would help if I could learn to write...
;0/
As for the name issue, no really, I understand. Little annoying things, when repeated enough, turn into chinese water-torture...
July 23, 2009 3:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
I personally think your writing is fab -- informed, beautifully constructed and quite often laced with a touch of irony and considerable wit. But that's just my opinion, though I'm sticking to it.
On the subject of personal ethics and responsibility, you may or may not have read a post I wrote a few weeks ago in which I tentatively tried to address that issue in the context of journalists who still have real standards:
http://tpmcafe.talkingpointsmemo.com/talk/blogs/wwstaebler/2009/06/truth-or-dareshouts-and-whispe.php
When you have time, let me know what you think of it. Or just keep addressing the issue, no matter how few recs result at first.
It's "impoewtnt" (as they say in Charleston).
July 23, 2009 4:22 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thanks for the link. I missed that one somehow. A lot to soak up in the text, articles and comments. Awesome (in the non-surfer sense)!
And Thanks for the encouragement!!
July 23, 2009 6:28 PM | Reply | Permalink