Thinking About Two Polls in Iraq
By Michael S. Woodson
Two polls of Iraqis in 2004 and 2007 suggest effects of domestic conflicts of interest that undermine US foreign policy and trustworthiness abroad.
One fundamental conflict is the US developer-liberator role versus its competitor-dominator ambition relative to less developed nations. The other is between American media as truth teller as opposed to media empire haven tied to official sources for ratings-worthy news. Finally, the US talks small government, states rights and civil freedoms, however does it walk the walk as an example to the world?
The questions wouldnt have to be asked if there were a severance between corporate influence in campaigns, public office-private sector revolving doors, and other moneyed dependencies between business and government. If there were such a severance, the US could credibly argue the separateness of its rescuing foreign policies from its ambitious appetite to dominate markets.
Yet, does every other power trading in the world ply the same conflict?
Second Hand News?
In 2004, USA Today published a USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll of Iraqi opinion on the American invasion and troop conduct in Iraq that found majority Iraqi displeasure with the occupation if you dont count the Kurds and dont question the questions.
Of a purported diverse sample of 3,500 Iraqis the report emphasized that the majority of respondents thought American troops were occupiers who behaved badly in general and treated Iraqi families in their homes with disrespect. In the 40% range, respondents thought US troops showed disrespect for Iraqi women and mosques. All emphasized findings segregated Kurdish opinion as if it skewed the results away from the negative.
Some 23 paragraphs into the report was the following disclosure: that 7% of the 3,500 surveyed based their answers on firsthand experience. The report speculated that likely sources of second hand information were Al Jazeera, al-Arabiya, and Pan-Arab Television.
It seems that the 2004 poll was more of a measure of which media Iraqis trust: the one that looks and sounds more like Iraqs indigenous peoples.
So Iraqis distrust American media. Russians also openly express their distrust of US media. Why? Its the consumer news assumption. Iraqis and Russians want to hear what puts their cultures in the best possible light. They assume that Americans want the same and so dismiss the genuineness of free presses where they believe powerful forces manipulate them. The old world is cynical.
US a Necessary Evil in Iraqi Eyes? This past March Pollster.com synopsized an ABC/USA TODAY/BBC/ARD Iraq Survey which had 78% of Iraqi respondents opposing the US presence while 68% wanted them to stay until Iraqi security forces could effectively keep the peace. These paradoxical numbers suggest that Iraqis see US forces as a necessary evil to bring security and stability.
What isnt clear is whether Iraqis today would count Saddam Husseins regime to have been a necessary evil to keep peace and security in Iraq. Also, it isnt clear how much of Baath Socialism mattered to ordinary Iraqis of diverse backgrounds.
How much of Iraqi resignation to central authoritarianism is socialist ideology from Baathism versus cultural-tribal? If American modes of civilization are not acceptable to most Iraqis, why was another Western ideology, socialism, acceptable? Or were both ideologies irrelevant to more fundamental things rooted in Islamic culture? These are questions for future Iraqi polls.
Internationalism and Understanding of US How well do Americans understand the foreign policy assumptions in their own leaders actions? On one hand, rejection of American modes of civilization by Near and Far Eastern cultures implies negative American Exception in the sense that American ways in Iraqi eyes are good for you Americans alright, but not for us. This isnt monolithic, however. They want some of what comes with the American presence, if possible without the presence.
Is Iraq Americas frontier? And what are frontiers for? If frontiers are for leading others in great causes as Brent Scowcroft recently implied about the US purpose abroad in a piece written at the National Interest Online, what about the U.S. example at home supports any given cause in this purpose?
For example, although small business is said to be the backbone of the American economy by those who want to sell things to it, large corporate interests set the rules and tend to squash locals when desired. When they do it, sometimes they use government policy-setting influence. Is that the example of free (in the democracy sense) enterprise that the US purports is a great cause?
Those who subscribe to evangelizing the world with American style political economy (internationalists of both parties) imply American Exception in the sense that others should adopt some or all of our mindset, buy it from America, and franchise the exception. However, we are also competing with these countries. How does this conflict differ from that of command economies abroad?
Does the fact that America is no longer a frontier mean that it should have a frontier other than outer space? Should it turn abroad for vicarious frontiers? These judgments are inherent in official actions abroad, whatever the official words.
Conclusion An intellectual tradition of the American elite (Right and Left)supports internationalist foreign policy assumptions that the world needs help from a benevolent, and if necessary, combative world leader state which must be the US. As less developed nations mature with past help, and more help from other powers, developing nations balk at the internationalist assumption whatever their own governing merit.
There was supposed to be a time to let go of the Cold War world chess game through interim country squares, and a time for self-determination abroad. Is there a uniformly defined and applied concept of self-determination in US foreign policy that sets a standard for taxpayer supported aid to self-determination?
Past, present and resurgent imperial hypocrisies aside, artificial impositions of power that impinge on the daily life and cultural traditions of locals anywhere scare people to anger whether its anti-Walmart protestors in a town of 20,000 or Iraqis feeling dictated-to by giant sun-screened aliens with advanced rifles.
People dont want their faith, neighborhoods, families and comfort zones messed with even if they like some of what you have for sale. Troops on the ground have always known this as have seasoned commanders. When politicians ignore this with ideologic glee, no matter their aisle seat it has predictably lousy results for foreign policy and credibility.
Local conflicts projected on localities across the globe seem to incite local conflicts that reflect back to us in a hall of mirrors.