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Investigative Journalism at Work


It hasn't been a great week for the dead-tree press. But I hope people listen to Andrew Sullivan's reminder of why blogs never can -- or at least never should -- replace newspapers.

The terrifying problem is that a one-man blog cannot begin to do the necessary labour-intensive, skilled reporting that a good newspaper sponsors and pioneers. A world in which reporting becomes even more minimal and opinion gets even more vacuous and unending is not a healthy one for a democracy.

A perfect example is The Guantanamo Docket at the NYT. Way to make yourself servicey, Gray Lady. Now, what's the profit model that's going to sustain this kind of work on into the cybernetic future? It looks as though that's still to be discovered. It goes without saying that I am a big champion of the blogosphere and citizen journalism. But we're going to have to find a way to sustain the institutions of professional journalism, however imperfect they are (and oh could I go on about that), that produce projects like this one.

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I love newspapers, Kirsten. When I'm binging, I'll read 8 or 9 a day. These days, maybe only 4 or 5. But I have some problems with them, not unlike those I have with Detroit. I start by having to throw away the heaviest parts - the cars and housing and lifestyle and travel and classified sections. For me, they're irrelevant. Then there's all the pages of crap opinions, or really shallow or distorted "news" coverage. Which usually leaves me with a few things. A few news articles, and a few opinion pieces. And truth is, that's it.

So what can the net NOT do in these areas? Well, I wonder. No, a one-person blog can't replicate that. But. Neither could a one-person newspaper. Pull together, through an aggregator or a site of some kind, the views of dozens of bloggers or researchers or sectoral experts or activists, and you've pretty much nailed the opinion and news pages. an opinion is an opinion, and these folks could be on a blog or in a paper, doesn't much matter which. As for the news.... well, I'll take someone working 24/7 for 20 years on the environment, with their heart and soul right in it, over 99% of the "reporters" who cover the field.

My question thus becomes... as the web evolves and blogging as well, which specific areas do newspapers DO that can't be done "out here?" Serious question. I haven't thought it through down to the last jot/tittle, and would like to see if there are any real results that a newspaper and reporters can produce that can't be done here. Because much of what we see in papers that we respect and value later turns out to have been done, and well, on some web-site or other, but it just hasn't been hauled into some aggregator site yet.

Ideas?

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Quinn,

I also love newspapers and read several daily, although that might make me a generational anomaly. But I have the same complaints as you do about their volumes of wasted newsprint (although I tend to hang on to the travel section and wherever they happen to be hiding the crossword). Clearly, they're doomed in their present form, and good riddance.

There are two crucial things, however, that I think can't be replaced by the aggregated blogosphere. This is really just off the top of my head, so I'd love help thinking it through. And just to be clear, this is not to say these things can't be replaced by online journalism -- the dead-tree papers are only going to be useful until every house has high-speed internet access and every American has web fluency -- according to our president-elect, something that we can expect sooner rather than later.

The first thing is large-scale archival research like the Guantanamo Docket that I linked to in the post. This is pretty tedious and thankless work that no pageview-addicted blogger or even team of bloggers would find it worth their while to engage in. But the public deserves access to this kind of information. That, so far as I can see, takes salaried researchers at journalistic institutions that are going to make their profit elsewhere.

The second thing is worldwide investigative reporting, deployable instantly. I agree that I'd take the account of the passionate devotee to any given cause over that of your average barely-interested reporter. One thing that the blogosphere should be teaching newspapers is that readers want specialized information and thus expert-level journalists. However, someone has to pay those people who are devoting themselves 24/7 for 20 years to the environment or what-have-you. Frequently those experts are currently paid by universities. Of course many academics do blog, but as long as they're academics first and bloggers second (or third, or fourth), the reader can't be guaranteed that they'll be available as a reliably continuous source of information at the drop of a hat. I'll take myself as an example. My area of expertise is Islam in Europe and N. America. I don't have a blog about this, but let's say I did. Now let's say an Islamicist terrorist attack happens in Paris, but I'm drowning in grading, or translating, or whatever my day job happens to be. I might be better equipped to go report on the situation than Joe-the-Paris-bureau-reporter, but I can't guarantee I'll be able to do so tomorrow unless that reporting is my job.

To my mind, blogging can give us the first version of history faster than newspapers -- case in point, the twittering from Mumbai during the recent attack. And blogging can give us opinion more cost-efficiently than newspapers -- as they say, everyone's got one. But it's the in-between -- the educated but also immediately available investigative reporting, especially with a global reach -- that I have a hard time imagining anything but institutional journalism providing. Now the key will be for journalistic institutions to realize the things they are uniquely capable of, and to develop those capacities. (i.e., steal some of the brain trust from academia and teach them how to write.) And then, of course, to have a profit model to support that. I wonder, though, if newspapers started actually providing this, and only this, whether people wouldn't be more willing to pay for it.

Sorry for the epic-length comment! But I'm fascinated by this situation and still haven't hammered out what I think about it.

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The point should be that we don't need a "newspaper" - we need a collection of focused sections. You might pick 4 areas, I pick 6, they don't have to be coordinated - 6 different sources on the Web give us our news for the day. Kind of like reading headlines, sports, business, obits and comics, just from different locations and who cares? Make your own paper. Without the crap.

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Just noticed that Marcy Wheeler (Empty Wheel) was behind the Rahm-as-tipoff on Blago story. She and Jane Hamsher also did a bangup job on Scooter Libby for months. A very good example of what niche reporting can do.

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I came to the web (in an intensive way) 10 years ago, as a research tool. And found I could sit in London, and drill down deeper into any technology, or any locale, than if I was putting leather behind it. Sure, you want some time on site, but it's not so much the time, as hitting the right people. If all a reporter's doing is getting the news releases, and talking to bureaucrats et al, they're not adding any depth anyway, right?

But lo/behold, my journo & columnist friends were finding the same thing. Nasty little secret of theirs, but they were using their own networks - electronically - to find what & where WE were drilling, and who we had found. BBC, NYT, Canuck media, all play the same game. Mexican border stories, dioxin poisonings, insider pharma dealings, political strategies - this stuff may show up 1st in papers, but it's not necessarily ORIGINATING there.

And as more & more people get online, and get used to swapping stories there... this grows. As Kirsten notes, there's still something to be said for the ideal of teams of full-time investigative reporters sweeping the bars & old paper mountains for leads, but how many of those are actually created every year? I donno... but not so many as might appear, I'd say. A lot gets fed in - pushed in - electronically, and no reason it can't find other, online, outlets.

The questions of organization, payment for time put in, ensuring full-time coverage, monitoring quality, editing, those seem to me fairly critical. But the hard copy paper thing? I think it's done. Even when I want a newspaper, I don't bother with the paper anymore - and I love paper.

Unless my pic's in it, another one of those Quinnifer stories, and I need a copy for my Mum.

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Here we reach a dilemma: How to make the transition to an online-only presence, which is free of both the ecological* and economic constraints of a dead-tree newspaper, while successfully monetizing something that most people don't want unless it's free. Witness, for example, the short, unhappy life of Times Select.

I agree with you about the demise of real journalism - and for that matter, informed opinion. I grew up in a reading family, was delving into the Chicago dailies (well, two of the then-four) as a grade-schooler, and still pull out my Royko and Sydney Harris collections every now and then for a taste of what once was.

The key is, as you say, making that model self-supporting. I don't know how to do that. And I am a big advocate of online journalism, online business communications, online just-about-anything, really. (Well, cooking and some fun interpersonal things need to remain in three-dimensional space, but you get the drift...)

How do we do this?


* Huge amounts of both a forest product (paper, and the consumption of trees and water used to make it) and combustion-based energy (also used to make paper, operate the presses, and distribute the finished product, as well as many other bits of the whole operation) are used in the making of a newspaper every day. To say nothing of asking what's in all that ink?

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Thanks for the comment. I really wish I had a good answer to your question -- but then if I did, maybe I'd start a news organization!

Apart from my rambling response to Quinn above, I think one thing to pay attention to is the success of iTunes. When I was a high school Napster user, I thought I'd never pay for music again. And yet today I regularly buy music from iTunes that I know I could get free elsewhere if I really wanted to. And I know I'm not the only one. Why? Because iTunes somehow tipped the balance between the total amount I have to spend in terms of time, effort, and money to get a song or album, and the value provided. They succeeded at making it worth it to me, and millions of others raised with the internet, to pay a little bit for something I know I could find for free if I worked a little harder, or settled for a slightly inferior product. Maybe news organizations can learn from this??

Of course, iTunes also benefited enormously from government regulations against file-sharing. And I can't imagine an analogue to that in the news industry. So maybe my tentative comparison is total bunk. Like I said, if I had the answer I'd be in the business myself!

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Like everything else about Apple, iTunes is a "designer prison".

I don't buy the notion that micropayments or DRM constitute anything of an answer. Advertising is far too easy to defeat (AdBlock Plus in Firefox does a really good job - sorry, Josh!) and ultimately, as the saying has it, (DRM) locks keep out only the honest people.

I think the real answer lies somewhere upstream, as part of some much larger questions. I'm reluctant to ask them here, because even if I could phrase them clearly enough, I'm not interested in "threadjacking" your post. I think it has to do with how we do a lot more than journalism, and the sorts of things we hold as important. And very quickly, we slide over into the realm of the philosophical...

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you should threadjack away! I'm interested. Or better yet, start a new one.

I agree with the "designer prison" label -- but I bet for mainstream profit-making, it's inevitable to some extent. I mean hell, if even those of us who critique it end up buying into it in some way...

And yeah, advertising is not the answer. I too haven't seen more than a handful of internet ads in ages -- thanks AdBlock Plus!

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I may have to do an actual blog post, then, instead of just commenting. And it might be worth it, we seem to be getting at some interesting things here. And there are other reasons for my interest in the topic, that I may (or may not) touch on there or elsewhere.

It's late at night here right now, though. So it will all have to be at a near future time.

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Kirsten ,
Would it be naive to ask two questions regarding making money on the blogosphere
1) would end users like ourselves be willing to pay for a subscription for a TPM -and thataway negate the need for advertisements,?
2) or would enterprises such as TPM entertain the notion of what would the end users like to see in advertisements and then promise to buy from these collectively endorsed products ?
Myself I would answer yes to both questions ..
As to investigative newspaper with real journalist doing the foot work well maybe thats still happening on line - Amy Goodman's or Marcy Wheeler's work comes to mind .
And of course I could go on a snark about'real investigative reporters "such as Woodward's cheerleading the iRAQI prevarication or Judith Miller winding up at fAUX Noise but now I have to go to my real job ...

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Hi Al,

I would say yes to your first question and no to the second. I would probably pay something modest for TPM or something like it, if I really understood that a subscription was the only alternative to the news & opinion source I trusted and relied on going under.

However, I'll never let any website show me ads as long as I can help it, and I think this point of view is shared by many. And it seems pretty reasonable to assume that as fast as advertisers come up with new formats for web ads, the good folks at AdBlockPlus will come up with ways to get rid of them. So I think advertising, even targeted advertising, is not the answer.

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Ya get whatcha pay for.

So, ya better be willing to pay Izzy's successors.

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Love that "You get what you pay for" schtick.

Gives me a laugh, every time.

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Newspapers won't even exist by mid-century.

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Nor will many of us!

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It pains me to even say this, but there is a model that pays for traditional newspapers. It's the model Rupert Murdoch is building at NewsCorp. It is media consolidation v.2.0.

Please don't peg me as a Rupert man. Far from it. But it's clear that what is going on at the WSJ is a far different vector than NYT, or Tribune Company.

Admittedly, I may be confusing a model with Rupert himself. Historically, all the major US newspapers were incubated by dynamic and sometimes controversal personalities; whether his or her last name was Chandler, Sulzberger, Taylor or Graham.

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Kirsten

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