The FISA vote happened today, and Barack Obama voted with the majority on the overall bill, voted for amendments (which failed) to remove the retroactive immunity for telecommunications companies that were pressured by the Bush administration to comply with its illegal wiretapping of US citizens.
If I were in lockstep with the "progressive" wing of the Democratic party, I should be firebreathing mad at Barack Obama for his vote. But I am not. I have faith that, in an Obama presidency, we will not have a president who will shred the Constitution for his own purposes.
Back in 1978, when FISA was first passed, we were still fighting the commies in the Cold War, there were agents in our own intelligence services who were trading secrets with our enemies and compromising our national security. Let me repeat that: there were Americans employed by our own intelligence services who were giving away national security secrets to our enemies (like the Soviets) and to foreign intelligence services (like the Israelis) to assist those agencies with carrying out activities which could be harmful to the United States.
But before FISA, we should also remember, President Richard Nixon had undermined the Constitution by using federal resources like the FBI to spy on US citizens -- from movie stars and sports figures to politicians and pundits -- to build his infamous "enemies" list. It was those revelations, stemming from Watergate, that led Congress to impose structure and accountability. With FISA, you had to have warrant to wiretap. If the government wanted find out who you were talking to, they had to hightail it to court and get a warrant. They had essentially 72 hours to get one after wiretapping began, if they lollygagged and failed to get permission beforehand.
Under its original structure, the FISA law seemed to work. The number of wiretaps was low, agencies complied the requirement to go to court and make their case before a FISA judge to get their warrants.
Then came September 11, 2001. And this is one instance were there truly is a world of difference before and after. On October 26, 2001 -- barely a month after 9/11, the USA Patriot Act was passed. It amended FISA and broadly expanded what law enforcement could do under the umbrella of halting "terrorism."
In any case, it is the government which brings the request for a wiretap or other surveillance or search to bear. It is the President, through the Attorney General (without a court order) or government through another agency (like the National Security Administration, or Homeland Security or Federal Bureau of Investigation)(with a court order) who determine who, what, where, when, why and how someone is to be subject to a FISA surveillance.
Criminal and civil liability exists for agents or agencies which violate FISA.
But the catch is:
1) The President may authorize, through the Attorney General, electronic surveillance without a court order for the period of one year provided it is only for foreign intelligence information;[10] targeting foreign powers as defined by 50 U.S.C. §1801(a)(1),(2),(3)[11] or their agents; and there is no substantial likelihood that the surveillance will acquire the contents of any communication to which a United States person is a party.[12]
The Attorney General is required to make a certification of these conditions under seal to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court,[13] and report on their compliance to the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.[14]
2) Criminal sanctions follows violations of electronic surveillance by intentionally engaging in electronic surveillance under the color of law or through disclosing information known to have been obtained through unauthorized surveillance."
3) Under 50 U.S.C. § 1811, the President may also authorize warrantless surveillance at the beginning of a war. Specifically, he may authorize such surveillance "for a period not to exceed fifteen calendar days following a declaration of war by the Congress."[18]
[NOTE: The "war powers" provision of FISA was repealed today, and other aspects of the law were strengthened:
Requires FISA court permission to wiretap Americans who are overseas.
Prohibits targeting a foreigner to secretly eavesdrop on an American's calls or e-mails without court approval.
Allows the FISA court 30 days to review existing but expiring surveillance orders before renewing them.
Allows eavesdropping in emergencies without court approval, provided the government files required papers within a week.
Prohibits the government from invoking war powers or other authorities to supersede surveillance rules in the future. ]
If the Attorney General orders wiretaps or surveillance without a court order -- as is legal for the AG to do -- how does an "agent" like a telcom know that the surveillance or information they are "requested" to turn over is "unauthorized?" If the President, his AG and intelligence agencies threaten legal action any non-compliant telcom for other alleged violations of law -- ranging from IRS, SEC, FTC, FCC charges to even "aiding and abetting terrorists" -- it kind of puts the telcom -- or any other business from whom information is demanded -- in a difficult spot.
The telcoms would be obliged legally to abide by legitimate requests from the government for information. And being realistic and pragmatic about the whole thing, the NSA has had the ability to spy on you and me all along.
I know that there are demands to take this issue to court so that "we can learn what happened" and why the telecoms (save for one or two) gave in to the administration. I think there are other means to do this outside of the judicial system. The Congress has subpoena power, and perjury before Congress is punishable by law.
But I think the first answer to what happened that brought us to this point in history is October 26, 2001. The USA Patriot Act. When far too many people -- in and out of government -- were scared sh*tless by what had happened on 9/11 and supported a piece of legislation that gave away civil rights by the bushel basket. That was the real "assault on the Constitution." That was the real "shredding of the Fourth Amendment." And we turned a blind eye to a President who uses signing statements to skirt laws he doesn't like. We've had just about eight years of it. And for just about eight years, we've had a Congress in partisan gridlock. That is what you should be mad about.
Finally, I also know this: laws once made can be repealed. I trust Barack Obama, as the 44th President, to be more prudent and judicious in using his powers, and to be protective of a Constitution that has been mauled by the 43rd President and his minions.
[NOTE: Cites from Wikipedia]