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Rich CEO Demands to be Taxed


Reed Hastings, CEO of Netflix, publicly asked the government to raise his taxes in a NYT op-ed today. His position was not that of Warren Buffett, who has argued that taxes are unfairly low for the super rich. Rather, Hastings argued that higher taxes offer a more effective way to limit CEO incomes than pay caps. And he's right. To see why, we need to first understand why CEO salaries have gotten as high as they have.

In Econ 101, we learn that price is driven by supply and demand. When workers with a particular skill are scarce, they can charge higher wages. I often see this in the tech industry. For example, many companies still use antiquated mainframe systems that require regular maintenance, but few young programmers want to learn the outdated technology. As a result, there aren't enough mainframe developers to fill demand, which means that those few remaining in the industry earn a lot of money.

CEO salaries, however, are not driven by classic supply and demand. There are very few Fortune 500 CEO positions (only 500, in fact) and many more people with the will and means to do the job. While some candidates are more capable than others, being a CEO is not like being a mainframe developer where you either have the skills or you don't. For every CEO, there are plenty of eager VP's with solid management experience.

So if not supply and demand, then why? Some conjecture that top executive salaries are artificially inflated by corrupt board members in bed with their CEO's. But while there have certainly been examples of inept boards, there's no evidence that inappropriate executive-board relationships are widespread enough to create a significant market inefficiency. The fact is that the market value for good CEO's is just really, really high.

So if the market value of top CEO's is not driven by low supply and is not caused by a market inefficiency, what's behind it? We can answer this question by looking at another class of overpaid professional who have seen their salaries balloon in recent years: actors. As any struggling actor will tell you, there is no shortage of talented actors. New York and L.A. are swarming with them. So no supply problem. Nor is there evidence of widespread corruption that inflates the incomes of A-list actors.

So why are top actors paid so much? It's very simple. An A-list actor almost guarantees heavy box office turnout, so a movie with A-list stars is likely to gross much more than the same movie with B-list actors. For a producer, it's a no brainer. A B-list actor may be almost as skilled (or even more skilled) than an A-list actor and cost much less, but that A-list actor will bring in tens of millions more revenue, so it's well worth the extra millions to go A-list.

We see the same phenomenon in other high-grossing businesses, e.g. pop music, popular fiction, and professional sports. There many great musicians, writers, and athletes, but it's the elite few in certain categories that bring in the big bucks, both in terms of what they're paid and what they generate for the people who pay them. And what about those investment bankers that everyone has been pillaring lately? Investment banking is not an easy job, but there are many lower paying jobs that require more talent, e.g. scientists, artists, liberal bloggers, etc. Bankers command higher salaries than other professionals primarily because they work with very large sums of money. The difference between an excellent i-banker and a competent one can mean millions of dollars in savings, so a million dollar bonus is not a high price to pay, relatively speaking.

If the relative financial differences among actors and investment bankers is high, it's even higher among CEO's of Fortune 500 companies. A single CEO can turn a company into a juggernaut or a dead man walking, meaning that billions of dollars are at stake. So what's a few extra million to help ensure that you've got the best that CEO that money can buy?

My point is not to argue that CEO's deserve their fat bonuses. From a fairness point of view, I don't believe that anyone deserve millions for anything, including actors, athletes, and i-bankers. But the market isn't fair. Moreover, the market is notoriously difficult to control. Companies are highly incentivized to highly incentivize their top executives. Trying to stop them from doing so is like trying stop a fire hose with your thumb. There's too much pressure; the water is going to find a way out. Boards and executives are geniuses when it comes to creative compensation.

That's why Hasting's proposal makes sense. Let the CEO's get their bonuses, but tax it up so that a higher percentage of their income goes into government programs or paying down the national debt. Furthermore, while massive CEO salaries may stand out because of the disparity between their pay and that of their employees, the top CEO's make up a very small share of the population. If we truly hope to address income inequality in this country, we need to go after all those actors, athletes, and i-bankers as well.

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Cross posted at dagblog.com, where poverty-stricken i-bankers come to whine.


42 Comments

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I'm happy to use the tax system, G. Other ways of fixing the problem mean changing more moving pieces.

However. I'm not convinced with the original argument. i.e. That a really good CEO can bring in billions more than a merely good one, and therefore deserves millions more. The counter-evidence is easily seen by comparing across borders. Other countries did not see this kind of escalation in CEO pay, and yet were often dealing with firms just as large - e.g. Japan, Britain, Canada, etc.

Then there's the unprecedented destruction of shareholder value which has occurred. Somewhere in the shareholder-management-Board chain, the information links got broken. (As well as with wider interested parties, the public, the Government, etc.)

So, yes, tax 'em. But that's a pretty blunt instrument. If we're going to fix it long-term, somebody needs to do the dirty work of isolating, connecting & rethinking the various factors that went into hyper-pay for CEO's.

Good to see you, dude. I'd argue with you at Dag, but somehow, I feel safer here. You know, that Indiana-based Dagger is a bit savage, eh? ;-)

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She shows up here too. Nowhere is safe.

First, I didn't use the term "deserves" because it implies that compensation is fair, which it isn't. Rather, the salary is worth the cost to the companies.

Second, on a macro scale, companies would function just fine if salaries were lower. You don't have to look to other countries to compare. Just look back 20 years in this country. CEO's were happy to work for lower pay. And actors would still work if you paid them less, as would athletes, musicians, etc.

But at the micro-level, companies have to deal with the competition. If everyone paid CEO's less, it would be fine to pay yours less. But when great CEO's have other higher offers, you have to match, and it's probably worthwhile b/c a good CEO is critical.

So I would argue that in other countries and in the past in this country, CEO salaries have been lower than they would be in an efficient market, probably due to social factors. Of course, it's possible that those markets are efficient, and ours is inefficient, but I doubt it, simply because CEO quality really can cause a huge profit differentials. But if current CEO salaries are artificially inflated right now, then they should eventually drop back down. Either way, my point that it's difficult for the government to control market forces holds true.

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This doesn't work for me. Everybody else has "inefficient markets" (as the US once had), because of "social factors" - but you "social factors" are thrown out as possible causes of recent CEO pay hikes?

Take the recent destruction of shareholder capital by the most highly-paid CEO's. Sure, there was short-termism built in institutionally. But, 1st, It's also clear there was an enormous amount of real & relevant & risk-filled information NOBODY other than Sr managers knew. As that contributed to higher CEO pay, is that an increase in "efficiency?"

2nd, It's long been known that incentives can become "misaligned" across CEO's, Sr managers, Bds & shareholders - even with information available to all. The corporate silo can become deeply distorted & misinformed, from top to bottom. If that happens across numerous firms, then the "marketplace" for CEO's is likewise heavily distorted.

3rd, We have vast pay differences across sectors, professions & nations (govt/private, MD/PEng, Japan/USA, etc.), created by government & social forces, and those too contribute. McKinsey says US MD's, both generalists & specialists, are paid 50%-100% more than counterparts elsewhere, even once training, foregone income & performance is factored in. Dean Baker says MD's are one of the most protected US groups. Is this to be counted as an increase in "market efficiency?"

I'm just saying rising CEO pay looks to me (and I'm not an expert, and would love more info/debate on this) to at least include social & political & cultural forces, market "imperfections" & (being polite here) intra-corporate factors at work. All of which can have distorted the CEO marketplace, but which aren't best described by the term "more efficient market."

Cheers dude - and I'll shut up now, and let more knowledgeable people pile in. ;-)

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CEO pay has risen quickly in Europe as well, just not as quickly. So there are two possibilities:
1) We're all in some kind of compensation-bubble, and the bubble here is just bubblier.
2) We're not in a bubble, Europe is just behind us.

I'm betting on 2) just b/c the difference that a CEO makes at a major corporation is more than just a million dollars, so that it makes sense the compensation is going up and will continue to do so, especially as corporations get bigger.

But if it's 1), then we can expect pay to drop back down to market levels, whatever those market levels are. Either way, government paycaps are unlikely to be effective.

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Haha. Very funny. Asshats.

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Glad you found them out O.

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I always have problems with this argument that they have to pay CEO's more because the competition is paying more. If this principle were true it would be applicable across the board but it is supposedly only true when used to justify obscene pay for a handful of people. If this sort of idea were really true then Wal Mart would pay their people more since they pay less than almost everyone else. If the theory were true nobody would work at Wal Mart because they could get more elsewhere. The truth is, however, that the CEO's and their class make an exception for themselves and that's why they get ridiculously high pay while all others are subjecte to relentless pressure to keep wages down.

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"...this argument that they have to pay CEO's more because the competition is paying more."

The pathetic fact is that the reason these CEO's get such high pay and bonus packages is because their "competition" often sits on their Board of Directors. These CEO/Board Members conveniently approve obscene pay packages in exchange for getting one for themself as the CEO/Board Member returns the favor.

It's an inbred system that kinda' works about as well as any inbreeding does in nature. In fact, it eventually leads to mental deficiencies that actually cause these jackasses to think they are entitled to it all.

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Bill Orally would go on his show and actually say that if they hit him with more taxes it would no longer be worth going to work. Twenty mill or so a year besides his books (just give him and Rush and Sean a dictating machine and they can write the first draft a book in a couple of hours) and he would not feel it worthwhile to go to work.

And he along with his evil minions are against paying someone seven bucks an hour.

FOR EVERY SINGLE SOB MAKING TWENTY MILLION DOLLARS A YEAR, THERE ARE ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND WHO COULD PERFORM THEIR JOB.

I always feel better somehow when I vent.

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Besides, don't forget this:

Keeping Bill's taxes low gives him incentives to create more jobs! AT least that is the justification we hear from republicans. When you think of it that way, maybe Bill should pay even LESS in taxes.

Maybe if Mr O'Reilly would post a list of all the jobs he has created with his tax savings we would be convinced. OK, Billo -- we're all ears...er...eyes. Tell us about all the jobs your tax savings have created.

PS. If you can't do that, and your taxes go up, please feel free NOT to go into work any more. It will do wonders for the level of discourse if you stop getting on camera.

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I've been arguing that steeper tax rates on the high end would devalue windfall wealth and emphasize long-term income. This would tend to reward production more than chasing market capitalization, share prices.

It should therefore reward simply good management and encourage looking ahead regarding product lines. There was too much profit-this-quarter desired.

De-glamorizing wealth, currently happening the hard way, will tend to reward labor, too. I don't think it's any mystery why we are only a consuming economy now, with the exception our formerly growing sector of manufacturing new derivative financial instruments. Turned out it was easier to make imaginary products than real stuff.

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Good solid point Tom. The tax policy for fifty years was set up to get results, a change in behavior on behalf of the moneyed class. I do think that they should start all over again though because the Code is outdated.

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That won't work. England had 90% tax brackets. And what happened???

THE ROLLING STONES LEFT!!!

You can't tax your way out of this mess. You can only hyperinflate until money has no value at all. Thanks Congress. Thanks Obama. That is where we are headed.

Then we will see who can take care of themselves.

The poor are better than that than anyone!!!

Only way out is SOCIALISM. Admit it... the DEMOCRATIC PARTY HAS LET YOU DOWN BECAUSE THEY ARE OWNED!!!

OPEN UP your eyes!!! Watch Chomsky talk about corporations.

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How do you we pay for socialism? High tax brackets that get higher the more money you make. Just like we had in this country up until the early 80s. In fact, most of our post war boom (see link below) was financed in part by 93% top marginal rates. Socialism is best had when it is based in society and not class.

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Agree with everything above including the main post. I read this op-ed today on the ride home and thought it was a perfect way to address the problem for good. We haven't had a realistic top income tax since 1986. All the objections to the state of affairs can be traced back to lowering our top rates.

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I agree Jason, but I'd push it back 20 years or so.

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I have no real preference for the amount, but I think 50% or higher for any income over $1m is a great place to start the conversation.

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If we truly hope to address income inequality in this country, we need to go after all those actors, athletes, and i-bankers as well.

You're forgetting those pesky liberal bloggers, and web development critters.

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Very few people in web development or blogging get seven figure compensation. I would say almost nobody does unless or actually own the software development company or blog in question. Even then, I would be very surprise if they make more than $250K or so. That might even be a little high for most.

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I agree with your general premise that for better or worse (and personally I vote for worse), ceo pay is loosely determined by the marketplace. CEO pay is the most obvious, but I'd include compensation paid to c-suite executives in general.

I also agree with Quinn that US executive compensation is out of all proportion to that paid to those in other countries holding similar jobs.

As I see it, the big problem with this analysis is that executive compensation is rarely tied to company performance. An a-list actor is paid well until he fails to draw. Ditto with top athletes.
Then you have Bob Nardelli, who walked out of Home Depot with a $210 million wet kiss after he refused to tie any of his $40 million pay package to the company's stock performance.


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I think you are arguing that the system should still competitively reward the "best and the brightest" (apparent or real, different topic), but that taxes could be used to decrease the slope of the compensation curve at the high end.

The best would still in theory get the highest pay, it just wouldn't net (after taxes) 100x average wages, but maybe 10-50x. And companies could of course pay even more in gross compensation so that the "best" would net just as much as they do now. But it would cost the company a lot more than it does now in salary, if not in performance. So wise choices would be made.

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Here's the deal...I want to be a CEO. I am very qualified. I have no idea how all this mess happened, I love a good massage as much as the next guy , and I can run a company into the ground with the best of them. And I'll do it for hmmmmm how about 10M a year, and I'll pay all my taxes. And fly 1st class on a commercial airliner instead of a private jet. And I'll only need say, 10K to remodel my office. So whatta ya say, do I get the job?

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I'll write the letter of recommendation, stilli. Not only that, I'll bet you'll be an honest CEO too. Great idea!

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"Somewhere in the shareholder-management-Board chain, the information chains got broken."

Ding ding ding - there is your answer. Thank you Mr. Q.

It must have been at least 8 years ago I read a piece about how the boards of the biggest companies were being stacked and we were going to start seeing excessive compensation. The arugment made was there were only so many people sitting on the boards and it was becoming a back scratching party kind of thing.

The way that things are SUPPOSED to work, the shareholders should have been aware of what was happening, but they weren't. If they had the info they were ignoring it as long as they got their dividend checks. The shareholders accepted it. The only time caps on pay should come in situations like we have now. If the shareholders find it acceptable to pay outrageous salaries when the company tanks, well what can I say. But once again, using taxpayer money allows for the caps in THIS situation. I don't see how excessive taxing over a certain amount of money prevents poor performance getting excessive compensation.

What I think will be interesting is what our social-economy will look like when this 'crisis' is over. Will Americans give up their worship/fasination with the rich? Anyone read the NY Times bit about people giving up refridgerators?

I read a sci-fi story about a future society that was built on consumption. The more money a person made the more they HAD buy and use. The goal became being able to afford robots that would use up the things you had to buy so you could buy more. Guess what the people at the top got to do? They didn't have consume anything! They didn't have to worry about how many robots they had and if they were working and how much stuff they had to consume. That story was written in the 1950s if I remember right. I think about that story a lot, espcially now.

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Bluesplashy:
If your saw the title and the author of the story you cited, do you think you would recognize it?
Try here:
http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline1960.html
If you scroll down a few screens you will come to a block of titles under "Major Books of the Decade."
Don't wear yourself out searching, but I'd like to read it, if you can find it.
Thanks.

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"I don't see how excessive taxing over a certain amount of money prevents poor performance getting excessive compensation. "

It's not excessive taxing. And it doesn't prevent poor performance.

It damps the enthusiasm for very high salaries, it makes the corporation think twice, and while it allows competition it tends to buffer the high end.

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This is interesting and I'm glad to see this man take such a stand with respect to taxing CEO's like himself, but the idea that "A list" businessmen can somehow almost guarantee performance is false on it's face and simply doesn't stand up to scrutiny given that the entire American business world is on it's knees as a result of all these A'listers and how well they've performed.

I think a much simpler explanation is far more accurate and obvious. CEO's of any longevity pack their Boards of Directors with members friendly to themselves and their interests. This is not a secret. They often sit on eachother's boards and they reward eachother handsomely.

Like the King's of old Europe they develop all manner of convoluted rationale for the obscene cut they take from he business for themselves not unlike the development of the theory of the Divine Right of Kings to justify and unjustifiable claim of hereditary sovereignty. The divinity in the case of unjustifiable business claims is, of course, the omnipotent invisible hand of the divine "market." They dress up their grotesquely distorted money grubbing in nice sounding and lofty theories but the CEO's greed is no different than anyone else's. One hand washes the other. Boards are not necessarily controlled by appointing other CEO's but they typically appoint people (CEO's or otherwise) who have a connection to themselves, whose predisposition is friendly toward the CEO, etc... The appointment itself is often a reward to a friend of business ally. They also pay these people absurd amounts of money to sit on these boards and simply show up. The payments are often in the tens of thousans simply for attending a single board meeting! Good work if you can get it.

That power corrupts is an axiom universally accepted when used in reference to governmental power. It is self evident that power considered more widely is always corrupting and thus corrupts corporate CEO's and their Boards of Directors just as readily as the people who run governments. The corruption involved is not classic or the intended outcomeof the design of boards of directors but it has turned into a pretty sweet deal for those who get to run the table because there is no effective check or balance on them given the self serving way corporations operate.

In the end, this corruption is an unavoidable and integral part of the system. By protecting their personal and business interests with the installation of friendly and compliant board members they create a self-fulfiling prophecy in which they are rewarded even when they fail. Just look at the obscene bonuses being paid to CEO's who have driven their companies into the ground on Wall Street.

It isn't a conspiracy theory to view the situation this way. It's simply an acknowledgement of what is plain to see and the human weakness of the arrangements involved. It's too chummy. There is little or no diversity in point of view or interest amongst board members. The myopic consideration of this quarter's results uber alles vs long term viability and performance is a known weakness of the typical corporate model. Unrestrained greed enabled via pursuit of immediate profits alone is not a viable strategy for the long term health of any enterprise. All of the things above are fatal weaknesses present in most corporate structures. These flaws produce the distorted and totally unjustified salaries of the "Masters of the Universe" and other CEO's who no more deserve the money they receive than the man in the moon. Yet another synthetic construct designed to explain the absurd and unjustifiable salaries of CEO's isn't necessary and only serves to obfuscate the truth. The very idea that there is some magic and unknown "market" somehow setting CEO salaries is laughable. They and their friends and colleagues are their own market force. It's a fix, don't ya see?

At least actors and athletes produce as unique individuals whose performance simply cannot be copied because they are the only them that there is and their performances are quite literally unique. Nothing CEO's do is unique to themselves except the falacious arguments that justify everything they do no matter how stupid, harmful, shortsighted, destructive and even criminal in some cases.

Now whatever the reasons or rationale I certainly agree we should tax the hell out of these people and other wealthy people so they pay their fair share at long last (and the indolent rich as well) since they've been unjustly enriched by the government and the ladling out of money to them for years has been a primary cause of the near bankruptcy of the United States. But let's not fool ourselves with a bunch of mumbo jumbo about these guys being A-list anything other than fast-talking, aggressive, greedy, selfish, self-promoters who don't give a damn about anything but getting rich.

I would also suggest fixing a formula upon which to base the pay of CEO's tied to a fixed multiple of the average wages paid an employee in that particular company. And why can't we just eliminate bonuses altogether for CEO's and upper management? The whole idea that they need incentives for some reason where others do not is another absurdity in the business world. Why not make it so that all bonuses are distributed equally across the board to all employees of a given corporation? After all, CEO's are only employees. They are not owners of a family business.

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Give the big ceo bonuses to all those at these companies making $40,000 or less.

Just divide it up and distribute evenly.


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A lot of folks are commenting about corrupt boards, but no one has presented any evidence of the breadth of this problem. For such corruption to artificially inflate compensation packages across the board, it must be widespread. While such cases certainly exist, you need more evidence if you want to prove that the phenomena is widespread.

As I wrote at dagblog, I do believe that the government should regulate board liability and shareholder power, but I believe that the government's ability to straightjacket the boards is limited and that it's unlikely to much impact on executive compensation in any case.

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What do you mean?

The Boards are, for the most part, the same people.

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The same people as whom?

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I wanted to answer "youhm" but restrained my proclivity for playful 'banter'. Oops. D'oh!

Same group, I meant. Extended families tied together through income. About 2% or so of the citizenry.


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It has been documented repeatedly over the past 20 yeas or so as the problem has become more and more pronounced. Suggestions are made for stengthening the integrity of boards and so on. They are never implemented.

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Then link to the documentation. If it's been repeatedly documented for 20 years, it shouldn't be hard to find. And I don't mean anecdotes. I do not dispute that board corruption exists. The question is how widespread it is.

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You find it. I can't help that you aren't very well informed on that issue, but it seems that you aren't. Educate yourself. Business ethicists and management schools have been studying this and offering remedies for a very long time.

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I've thought about it for a day and I buy his argument, I think he's right. The main thing that makes it good in my opinion is that he's arguing for 50% top tax rate, and not for 90%--I've never bought the "eat the rich" 90% thing as making for a healthy economy in this globalized world, I think it would be a disaster. I do think a 50% rate would do a lot to solving a lot of problems. The 39% worked well with few complaints during the Clinton era, and 50% is probably what we need now.

As to glorification of excess, I think the culture is taking care of that with all the pitchforks. When I see this P. Diddy commercial playing,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7ae6a9Az44&feature=related
I think "what planet is that advertising agency on? how stupid can you get?"

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Unfortunately, I don't see it getting passed. But maybe we can at least get it back up to 39% (after the recession recedes).

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I just wrote a very long comment and submitted it but it seems to have vanished into the ether. Ugh. Maybe I saved you all a bad read. I think I violated the "three links" rule.

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Seething over my own screw up and the arbitrary and unannounced limit of links per comment that has, I admit, f***ed me over once before, I will summarize my brilliant points.

1. Hello Genghis. Good post, which goes without saying.

2. CEO compensation is only one manifestation of growing income inequality. In 1976, the top 1 percent took home 9 percent. In 2006, they took home 20 percent. It's not just the difference between the CEO and the factory/office floor. The sociologist Dalton Conley in Salon observed (no link this time, evil administrator): "Economic inequality overall in the United States has increased every year since 1969. If you break that out and look at the prototypical middle-class family or household -- the 50th percentile, the median -- and you look at the relationship between the median and the bottom half, it's been pretty flat. It's been stable. The middle class is not pulling away from the poor. What's happened is that the top half has been stretched out like taffy, and the further up the slope you go, the increasing incomes have gotten steeper and steeper."

In other words, folks like me who in the past would have been comfortable in our bourgeois existence are now consumed with schadenfreude as we see our erstwhile peers ascend to obscene levels of wealth and power.

3. Higher tax rates at the top are an obvious corrective to the mass income redistribution toward the top that we've seen over the past decades. This would redirect money toward more productive uses such as universal health care and retirement security that have become increasingly tenuous for the middle class. But wait, that's socialism!

4. CEO pay is just a visible symptom of this much larger issue. It's particularly visible as we see the CEOs whose companies have been run into the ground coast gently into the sunset on their golden parachutes.

5. I agree with Quinn and others that this is not just a matter of supply and demand. Take a look at this blog on the NYT. (http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/supply-demand-and-executive-pay/?scp=4&sq=CEO&st=cse). In brief, the supply and demand theory rests on two assumptions. First is the "lone ranger" theory of management - that the company's CEO is the main determinant of its capitalization. Of course, if this is the case, we should see huge pay cuts for CEOs whose companies are going down the tubes. Not likely. Second is that there is a limited supply of talented executives. Same problem. Plus, doesn't account for the ridiculous discrepancies between US and European and Japanese CEOs - unless you figure there aren't as many good executives there.

5. This is where I solve the problem of excessive executive pay. Unfortunately, I can't remember this part.

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AG: Can't comment intelligently on #1-4, but your #5 really made me laugh. Thanks.

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I agree with 1-4 (emphatically on 1).

On 5, I agree but qualify. I don't believe that that this is a supply-and-issue, as I argued in the post. Rather, small differences in ability are perceived to have substantial financial consequences. Candidate B might be able to do the job almost as well as Candidate A, but that "almost" could easily translate into hundreds of millions of dollars, so why lose the top candidate over a measly $10M parachute?

Which gets to the Lone Ranger point. I don't know whether minor differences in CEO competency have major financial consequences, though it sounds plausible. But in the end, it doesn't matter whether it's true because perceptions drive the deals. As long as the people doing the hiring believe in Lone Rangers, they're going to pay up the wazoo to get their Lone Ranger.

As for you second 5, that's one 5 too many.

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You had me until you said, "In Econ 101." By the time you included "popular fiction" as a "high-grossing business," I figured you took Econ 101 shortly after the Gutenberg Bible was printed.

Your confidence will take you far, Genghis.

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