Given the headlines,
starting a garden seems like a good idea on so many levels.
The average yard in this country consumes money in three major ways.
First, hundreds of dollars are wasted because few yards are planned to
take advantage of solar heating or basic cooling techniques for the
house. Second, yards that have large lawns, particularly in the arid
West, where constant watering is necessary, often have high maintenance
costs. And, finally, few yards are designed to cut food and gift-giving
expenses.
Heating and cooling experts estimate that up to 20 percent of
air-conditioning bills and 20 to 30 percent of heating bills for
residences can be cut by proper placement of landscaping elements. The
larger your yard, the more savings you can realize by strategically
placing trees and shrubs. Well-placed evergreen shrubs and trees help
cut down the effects of winter winds against the house; by removing
evergreen shrubs and trees near the south-facing wall, the homeowner
allows the winter sun to warm the wall. Conversely, in the summer,
deciduous trees, shrubs, and vines can shade the south and west walls,
preventing the heat from building up in the house.
The diagram below shows a very small backyard full of bountiful, yet
beautiful, plants: they do double duty. There are genetic dwarf fruit
trees: two apples, a peach, and a pear. These flower and fruiting large
shrubs make quite a delightful background for the patio area. On either
side are black and red raspberry bushes trained on decorative trellises
and clusters of blueberry bushes. On both sides of the patio and in the
middle of the back planting bed is a combination vegetable and flower
border, which is planted with extra-productive species such as
tomatoes, snow peas, chard, peppers, and eggplants and flowers that are
good for cutting, such as calendulas, statice, coreopsis, and baby’s
breath.
The patio has containers for vegetables and herbs and is covered
with an arbor that has two kiwi vines on it. Grapevines are espaliered
on the south wall on either side of the house; with the kiwi vines on
the arbor they provide shade on hot days and help cut air-conditioning
bills. In addition, the grape prunings can be used to make wreaths in
the winter.