[Taken from
a thread on Pat Buchanan regarding "arguing the finer points of Affirmative Action with Pat Buchanan" and arguing against Buchanan's "100% white" or "almost 100% white" comments.]
It's not "the finer points" - it's the basic principle. But Buchanan goads you into arguing against "the sky is blue" (yes, of course at night it's black) instead of simply insisting that affirmative action is necessary. In fact, you end up arguing against yourself by pretending that black participation in the historical events he mentions was anything more than marginal. The real answer is, "Yes, you're right, Pat, even though blacks have been here for hundreds of years, American History and Politics is almost completely 100% white. Even 100 years after the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th-15th Amendments this was true. So obviously the situation was not just going to fix itself, whites were not just going to relax attitudes, blacks were not just going to apply themselves, hop into school, hop into good jobs. Even with the Civil Rights Act, with government enforcement of laws on the books (pushed by black protests and black legal actions from the likes of MLK and Thurgood Marshall) it didn't just happen. So to get past the water cannons, the German Shepherds, the severe economic disparities and the permanently tilted playing field, some measures have been required to counter this. Affirmative Action is only one part. It's not the goal, it's a tool, and while we may misuse the tool occasionally and our use of the tool will become more skilled over time, that doesn't mean the tool or approach is fatally flawed. And if you use a word such as "horrid" to not differentiate between Allan Bakke missing out on one grad school slot out of hundreds available, vs. black kids not being able to go to a real school, one with whites where there are books and resources, or blacks denied jobs continuously for a hundred years just because of their skin color, then your command of English vocabulary is extremely taxed. They are not synonymous situations, not even the slightest. I have sympathies for Allan Bakke, and would like to make sure he's taken care of, but I have sympathies for millions of blacks in more dire straits.
There was once a sci-fi movie where aliens had kidnapped 3 children, so the leader of Earth decided to surrender the planet so as not to have the 3 children harmed. It seems ludicrous, laughable, insane, but then the Republican attitude towards Affirmative Action is built on the same weird, absurd premise. Hey, 3 white people got hurt, so let's ignore the plight of tens of millions of blacks!!!
These small cases where a white person gets burned do not rise to the level of "horrid" in the same way that does blacks prevented from voting and participating fully in American government, society, industry, power. The Ricci case is a red herring, but indicative of the difficulties that Affirmative Action brings, because it is implemented by flawed commoners, not by skilled trained surgeons. Affirmative Action can be a scalpel or a chain saw - a lawsuit where blacks are denied promotions is likely a finer-tuned response than integrating the military full stop.
The case of Ricci v. New Haven seems at heart 1 thing - a misplaced emphasis on a testing process only vs. a balanced approach that includes performance on the job, character and team leading skills, comfort with typical tasks. And it points out that likely blacks aren't as good at taking tests as whites. Oops, you may not know what I mean. Because I wasn't good at it either, until I'd failed my Masters' final. Because I assumed that I was supposed to work from my class texts, the lectures, the assignments. But after I failed my test, I discovered what fraternities had known for years - that there were hundreds of old exams available for every course, and the questions didn't change much year to year. I could have been a bigger drunk *AND* had a better GPA. Okay, that's only one part of Ricci. There's also the side tutoring special courses that it may have been more whites took, and I haven't seen a fair comparison on who spent more time on studying. I know I had a job opening I went for, with a list of criteria, and I spent weeks and well over a thousand dollars getting all the certification pieces in that I didn't have, finishing 6 or 7 Microsoft and other exams in 2 weeks. And then they decided to change the requirements for the announced position. This happens all the time, and historically if you're black, it's more likely to happen *against* you than *with* you. The fact remains in Ricci that there are fire departments around the country who manage to run promotion tests and evaluations without lawsuits, so one botched test should not be a huge change in legal precedent.
The arrogance that Affirmative Action is always better, always done well, should be avoided. There are dozens of examples where busing was counter-productive, often destroying the societies it was supposed to help integrate, with marginal benefit of access to resources and real gains for students. Of course making kids spend 2 or more hours on a bus each day would seem to be a huge, obvious flaw, but one that didn't seem to deter a particularly activist judge in Boston and ones elsewhere. That again doesn't mean busing can't be a good solution for some locales, it's just not a one-size-fits-all cornucopia for entrenched racial disparities in education.
[A good non-detailed overview of the merits of the Ricci case itself
here. In my case, changes were made to job requirements that targeted only me. In the Ricci case, there was likely surprise both New Haven had set itself up for a law suit, but they were almost undoubtedly shocked and embarrassed at the unwanted biased outcome of their own proceedings.]
Update: Will tack on another (slightly modified) comment I made that seems pertinent:
Try a few classics. Jackie Robinson was "Affirmative Action", by
Brooklyn Dodgers owner Branch Rickey. Robinson was a great ball player.
Though he might not have been the best of the Negro Leagues. Why not?
Because Rickey wasn't looking for the best black player - he was
looking for a great player *AND* one who could take being spit on and
cursed at and spiked and a host of other indignities. So he wasn't chosen as the best overall player - he was chosen as the best player for a particular situation.
Just one simple example that you can rarely just open up human
structures and they equalize like a machine would. Water and
electricity aren't biased, don't have memory, they just flow. People are and do. Our institutions have structural memories. Using baseball, certain players perform better in certain situations, at certain ball parks. The Supreme Court in particular is a team, not just an arbitrary group of individuals, not just 9 power hitters. Their job is to argue and elicit, to reach consensus and to elaborate on non-consensus. But if we start to realize that their view is more narrow than our society, that the team has no members that can adequately represent huge swaths of perspective, legally valid perspective that's never had adequate representation in our courts, then it's time to adjust that team - get a base stealer, a relief pitcher, a motivator or a brawler - someone to shuffle the energy, to refocus on the real situation. The law is based on the "rational man" theory, which in practice means "the rational white male". That doesn't mean we need a tribunal for each court - it means we need more diverse reasoning and perspective at the top, and all the levels down through - to increase our chances of getting good, solid, all-inclusive precedent cases that help us model a fuller, more just jurisprudence.
Yes, its "judicial activism" at the top, because it's reinterpreting precedent using diverse perspectives to further refine intentions of the Constitution with real rights in a vastly changed society. [Conservatives always manage to get us running away from describing what we're doing. Stand tall, be strong.] Certainly there are white males capable of contributing greatly to this effort, but to have only white males really impedes the process. And I don't want to denigrate Clarence Thomas by implying he's "not black", but I don't think he's sympathetic enough to the problems of the tilted table and structural bias against the underprivileged, nor sympathetic towards women at all, and his questioning and written work on the bench has been relatively useless for moving jurisprudence at all, much less expanding our interpretations in light of a fully multicultural and multi-gender respected society.
As an analogy, simple database searches look for exact matches of words. Slightly more advanced "fuzzy logic" ones allow for mistypings and "close" answers. More sophisticated ones like Google's use semantic nets, allow feedback from the previous choices around millions of searches and clicked-through answers to affect desired outcomes, to group answers and present categories to allow diverse selection, rather than having the top 10 answers returned be all the same. But we have conservatives arguing for a fundamentalist interpretation of the Constitution rather than using all our logical and philosophical and societal gains and wisdom over 235 years to have any influence, our understanding of assembly lines and teamwork and how market economies work and how racism and immigration and assimilation work, the effects of our monied classes and the nation-threatening excesses in our financial backrooms. They prefer the snapshot-in-time approach, the Luddite theory of jurisprudence, the nation and world as created in 4000BC. [Edits end]
The problem re: Allan Bakke is that we don't have a satisfactory
solution. We do end up having to discriminate to some degree for some
amount of time in many many cases. And it sucks to be on the other side
of discrimination always. Even if you excuse it with trying to correct
hundreds of years of injustice, someone will have their life ruined,
their opportunities blocked.
And then there's the blindness we have to other people's
discrimination. Men often don't see or understand sexual
discrimination, often see "just joking" where a woman sees and senses
an imbalance of power. Same for racial issues. So if white men continue
to make all the decisions, they can likely continue to discriminate
even while being new thinkers, simply because their perspective doesn't
extend well enough to women and racial minorities.
Regarding the Court, we've put politicians on the court before -
non-judges. Buchanan is big on written decisions now, but if I recall
correctly with Alito and Roberts, his buddies tried to find people
without a lot of written opinions to refer to. In short, it's all about
politics, not any real concern about legal standards. It's quite
possible we have too many bookworms on the Court and not enough who can
synthesize. And then we have Clarence Thomas who's basically useless
for judicial opinion, just a predictable vote. This doesn't seem to
bother Buchanan either.