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The "conversation" about race begins


teabaggers
"I think an overwhelming portion of the intensely demonstrated animosity toward President Barack Obama is based on the fact that he is a black man, that he's African American," former president, Jimmy Carter told NBC in an interview. Washington Post

When Bertold Brecht got cynical or angry at Communist regimes, he told them that, if the people were rebelling against their wisdom, they should "change the people." Perhaps that's what Obama needs to do -- change the people, his people. Or maybe, in time, the people will change themselves. Immanuel Wallerstein

Color in the United States is just a "warning signal" that history has walked into the room. But even history doesn't explain it all. Our history of slavery is pretty horrible, but slavery was horrible in Cuba and Brazil too. However, Cubans and Brazilians are much more relaxed about color. Americans, though, are not really relaxed about much of anything.

Our culture is Calvinist: brittle and inflexible even in its hedonism, where, with predestination, the devil literally takes the hindmost.

Although in many parts of Europe, for example, losing, being maudit, is considered romantic, the worst put down in American English is to call someone a "loser".

Therefore, Americans are obsessed with "winning" and "losing".

This makes American racial tension different... I think America's racism has something to do with America's puritanical streak, with its hatred of vulnerability and the vulnerable slaves were "losers" par excellence.

The vulnerability of the "other", whomever that other might be is the origin of the sickest of fantasies.

This role has been passed onto the slave's descendants.

Probably the most valuable service that slaves provided even, or especially, for those who didn't own them was there being someone even the most miserable white person could feel superior to, and God knows that America is full of desperately miserable white people. Not all of them are poor, not by long shot.

For losing and feeling miserable in America is not just economic, a study of marketing messages will give you an idea of the infinite ways that an American can be a "loser".

The entire American consumer economy, which is 70% of the total, is based on making people feel bad about themselves, making them feel poor, ugly, sick, helpless, stupid, inadequate and then offering to sell them something to relieve the pain of rejection and failure.
 

Those whites who fear they might be "losers" themselves, and if we look at the economic and psychological facts of life that might include most American whites, desperately need someone to look down upon as insurance against being losers and of course, since time immemorial African-Americans, even the lightest skinned among them, have served that purpose. Their status as loser was even pleasing to the abolitionists that wanted to "uplift" them.

For literally hundreds of years besides this role as the loser, no other role beyond entertaining or lifting heavy loads was permitted them.

In 1952 an African-American author, Ralph Ellison published a ground breaking novel, "The Invisible Man", whose title many critics feel defined the experience of people of African descent in America: that of being invisible and voiceless. In the years that followed, the people of color in the United States raised their voices and became visible, to the great and continuing discomfort of many whites. The white people of the US south who once voted solidly Democratic have punished that party's leadership of the civil rights movement by voting solidly Republican ever since... the key to the victories of Nixon, Reagan and Bush. The "Conservative Revolution", that only favors the rich, is based on the resentment of poor whites.

I wrote this a while back:
Making equal citizens of the descendants of slavery: descendants of both master and slave, was the inescapable duty, dharma, of American progressives. This situation made and still makes a mockery of the Declaration of Independence, which was written by a slaveholder and seconded by slaveholders... This injustice could not be allowed to stand

Lyndon Johnson, perhaps the closest thing to a man of the left that has ever sat in the White House, knew that this was his duty and although a southerner carried out that duty unflinchingly.

Master politician that he was, I'm sure he knew what was to follow: Nixon's "Southern Strategy", that opened the door to Reagan, Bush-I and Bush-II, a movement that strove mightily to undo all that Johnson tried to achieve with his "Great Society"... and largely succeeded in destroying it and gave a political base to all those whose philosophy has deprived generations of Americans of decent public health care and decent public schools.
With Barack Obama this resentment is coming to head.

Up till now, American "identity" politics was always played with surrogates: WASP men wearing masks.

Thus Bill Clinton was "America's first black president". The whatever WASP whose turn it was to woo Latinos, would eat tacos and say "juntos podemos" with an atrocious accent etc, etc. Candidates would attempt to show that they were "sensitive" to the feminist agenda and so on. Absolutely de rigueur for all white, male and protestant presidentiables was a photo at Yad Vashem sporting a yomulka. This all came with the turf like kissing babies. It was all a game.

The problems start when the Democrats decided to use "originals" instead of the traditional, "ballo in maschera". The whole charade begins to fall apart without the WASP surrogates.


All of this resntful white anger has been directed heretofore against surrogates: the Jimmy Carters, the Ted Kennedys, the Walter Mondales, the Dukakises, the Gores and the Kerrys; and all the racism was disguised in euphemisms like "state's rights" or "liberal" or "elitist" or "un-American".

Now for the first time the American white ultra-right have got the chance to actually organize and march against a real black man who incarnates all the euphemisms, instead of a surrogate.

Even a "JFK meets Sydney Poitier" figure like president Barack Obama, or especially like Obama, is an unbearable provocation -- a lifetime membership card in the "loser" club -- for millions of American white people.

The real problem in America is not racism in itself, the problem is a society or a culture that divides human beings into "winners" and "losers" and punishes the losers so mercilessly. These unfortunates simply cannot survive psychologically without their "whipping boy".

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I was not sure whether to recommend or not...you go on a bit of a tangent, but I think your gist is correct.

In my experience, those exhibiting a sense of superiority over another race or ethnicity are usually the ugliest and/or dumbest specimens of theirs.

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Yet Obama made it through the primary elections in some very red states, often with more votes than the republicans combined.

White America ensured that a black president would emerge last year, which kind of pokes a huge hoel in your thesis.

I think continuing partisan divides are being painted as continuing racial divides due to the brittle nature of both.

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Note to Jason:
A large part of the people who vote in Democratic primaries in red states are black, aren't they...? I mean since Nixon all the white people in those places vote Republican... correct me if I'm wrong on this.

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A few Hispanics too.

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Ahem -- as someone who has a large number of white relatives who still - proudly - vote in the Democratic primaries in Miss, Tenn, and Texas, I have to say that you're wrong. I don't know the number or proportion but never buy into the "all white Southererns are bigots" idea: it's not at all the truth. (And while some were voting for Hillary in the primary, they also proudly voted for Obama in the general.)

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I was speaking of place like Iowa and North Carolina and Virginia and Idaho where republican and independent votes pushed him over the top. His victories in closed primaries were much closer. In fact, he lost most of the closed primaries to Hillary.

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I think you're trying to dismiss the diary by pointing out that a large number of white people voted for Barack Obama, so therefore racism in not part of the opposition to the President. But the logic doesn't work. The people who voted for Obama in the primaries and the general election are Obama's supporters, while the diary is talking about people who don't support him. Just because a majority of white people aren't racist doesn't mean that all white people are not racist.

I think a lot of the opposition to President Obama is rooted in racism - in the feeling that he is different enough that he can't be legitimate. But I also think it is so deeply rooted in the psyche that the large majority of his opponents will probably never realize the source of their opposition. They will instead focus on his birth certificate, or claim he stole their country, or some other ridiculous problem, as the ostensible reason that President Obama doesn't "deserve" the office.

I have hopes that our country will go through the painful process of becoming more intelligent about race. And it will be a long, painful process. Racists won't suddenly wake up and realize their veiled comments were a cover for their true feelings, and accusing them of racism will make it even harder. All of us will make inadvertent comments while we learn that our unconscious thought patters are insensitive.

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Saying that a majority of white aren't racists cannot be reconciled with "But some are, so they should all be treated as if they were, until proven innocent."

This tactic will backfire big time for the democratic party.

As to your further comment, what was the excuse for the animosity against Clinton? Or Carter? Or Ted Kennedy? Or Hillary Clinton? Might it not it no be that some far right loons simply hate democrats with as much unreasoning hatred as many in the democratic party show for republicans?

For those few lingering racists that do exist among the "dispossessed" ranters, they are on the ass-end of history for this one. We have been working out the last of these demons since 1964, birthing three new generations along the way. I am firmly convinced that any racism that exists today will cease to exist ten or twenty years from now.

Of course, it will never be truly eradicated but as a significant defect on society, I feel we are seeing the last dying throes of our ugly, brutal past.

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I'm not sure how/why the Brecht quote fits in there.

"... the people
Had forfeited the confidence of the government
And could win it back only
By redoubled efforts. Would it not be easier
In that case for the government
To dissolve the people
And elect another?"

http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/156506.php

I think the second part of your blog (needing someone to look down upon) is way off - but, you raise an interesting point: is racism a manifestation of something else?

Some scholars suggested that racism is a component of group privilege (which also includes maleness and heterosexuality). Nothing to do with self-esteem, good/bad emotions, blah blah blah.

Group privilege explains the entirety of discrimination far better than any self-esteem based theory and it provides a clearer rationale for corrective action.

It also shows that affirmative action that deliberately favors one group against another is the same group privilege just turned on its head.

Unfortunately, the issue of racism in America has been deliberately politized from the beginning and its difficult for people to discuss it objectively.

There is a growing number of people who believe that the terms of affirmative actions should be redefined:
- focus on socio-economic status (not race or gender)
- enforce truly color- and gender-blind policies

That change in the definition would result in policy action that still reaches the same groups (African-Americans, women, etc) but it will do it without perpetuating group privilege.

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And just one more point: there is a big elephant in the room in the form of undiscussed reparations that may or may not be due to social groups that have been historically discriminated against. Which was probably a big unspoken reason why the affirmative action got to be defined the way it did.

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"I think the second part of your blog (needing someone to look down upon) is way off " Hmmm -- I take it you never lived in the South during the days of segregation or civil rights movement, did you? The "needing someone to look down" on part is alive and well and driving a LOT of the folks hiking around with tea bags.

On the other hand, appreciate and largely agree with your thoughts re: affirmative action. And if I recall an early interview with Obama, he has the same ideas. (Can't remember who - Steve Kroft? - asked him if his daughters should benefit from affirmative action and he responded by shifting the focus/goal to socio-economic status rather than race)

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I'm all for affirmative action, although it shouldn't have to exist and at some point it will have to end, but I'm for it.

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I am definitely for it -- taught some of the affirmative action students in grad school and it wsa very clear that 1) they absolutely belonged there and had much to add and 2) they wouldn't have made it into the school under the 'traditional' entrance criteria. Colin Powell has some interesting stuff to say about it also.

But don't you think that it may be time for it to shift to the more logical criteria of socio-economic status? If it did, I'm not sure that it would or should end.

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When identical job applications are set out in pairs -- one with a standard 'white' name and one with an ethnic name, the ethnic one receives far fewer responses. This is pure ethnic based prejudice -- nothing to do with social economic status. Skin color has the same effect in everyday life. Whites from a lower socioeconomic class can -- with considerable effort -- learn the mores of the upper classes and pass -- those of color do not have that option.

At a minimum as long as society is not color blind, the remedies cannot be color blind either.

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Agree -- but perhaps I'm more optimistic about society becoming color blind. The one statistic from the primaries that has always stuck with me is that in South Carolina - South Carolina! - for the voters under the age of 25, the same percentage of whites voted for Obama as did black voters. Yes, I know we're talking about the Democratic primary, so it doesn't mean there would be no difference if all the state's voters were considered ..... but it was still a lovely, lovely thing to see. (Esp since I lived in SC for a while many years ago and know that even my fellow Democrats weren't all that liberal.)

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There was a writer, Harry Golden, who wrote a best seller about being Jewish in the south called, "For 2 Cents Plain" that said that integration in the south began in the hospital emergency rooms where there was one oral thermometer for "Whites" and another one for "Colored", but a single rectal thermometer for both races.... this was starting integration from the bottom up... to the extent that a certain eye is color blind.

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LMAO.

DOH!!!

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It's states too. Most of Kentucky looks down on Tennessee (though Louisville looks down on Indiana). Tennessee looks down on Alabama and Kentucky. North Carolinians think South Carolinians are a bunch of ig-nor-am-mooses. Everybody seems to look down on somebody, it seems.

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In Minnesota I learned that IOWA stands for I Owe the World an Apology! Never knew that!

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Wish I'd seen this sooner. I'll try and remember that one!

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Slightly off on a tangent, some very broad-brush thoughts this brings to mind -

In Europe, social relations - and the concommitant psychological tendencies - are much less hierarchical and framed in terms of zero-sum competition. In the US that hierarchy is to a good extent determined by wealth. You see much more status-values playing a role in career and consumption choices, and in the treatment of others: you see much less in the way of social bonds of mutual respect. I see it daily in the aura of (self-)esteem surrounding a middle school teacher as compared to a high-flying currency trader, for instance.

On a tangent to this tangent - talking to kids while travelling in France, the worst put-down was to call someone a 'victime', and the core value that had a strong effect in arguments was 'respect'. In other words, they have an outlook much more directed towards moral autonomy - in its several aspects - than in the US.

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'There are none so blind as those who will not see.'

While true, it is a bit more complex.

Those who continue to base their 'truths' only upon their experiences and opinions will forever be blind to the reality of others. It's that ol' 'walk a mile in his shoes.....' maxim we all need to acknowledge and consider.

I've reread your post and there is indeed much more than a simplistic overview ...

Thanks for this post David.

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Some universities have come to see that a diverse student body is good for everyone in the school. Some all-white or almost all-white colleges actively seek minority students, I don't know with what success.
Sonia Nieto of U. Mass at Amherst makes a strong case for the same in "Affirming Diversity."
Obama's tendency to want to address the poverty of all citizens, not just those of color, is comforting to many. But we are not color-blind yet, and won't be for a while yet, and if some affirmative action programs can get us there faster, it's fine with me.
You could argue that integrating the military was a huge boon to improved race relations; until the World War II soldiers mustered out, came home, and found segregation still in full swing.
The Clark experiments in the 1940's showed us a lot, but I supposed many people used the data filtered through their own filters: A strong majority of black children (aged 3-7, I think)identified the white doll as the "good doll", the black doll as the "bad doll".
Now you can raz-matazz about group identity and individual self-perception or self-esteem, but it seems clear that each time a person of color can succeed in any endeavor, it raises the level of possibilities that a minority can visualize and strive for.
Some people seem to think that minority acceptances and scholarships don't depend on academic excellence and grades; it just isn't true from my experience.

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My late father in law was a German prisoner in Alabama, where the prisoners were let out on errands (he escaped, another story). Anyway, as a white man her rode at the front of the bus although he was an enemy prisoner and black soldiers wearing the American uniform had to ride on the back of the bus... I think that is when the modern civil rights movement got its start... right there on the buses of Birmingham before Rosa Parks and that was my late father in law's modest contribution to it.

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I know I must be missing something here, David, but your father-in law, a Nazi who escaped an Alabama POW camp, in some small way helped initiate the civil rights movement by riding in the front of the bus as a white man?

Anyway, this whole argument that the present-day teabaggers are driven by racism is off base to begin with. Of course there is racism among the “loser” whites, who want to blame someone, anyone: brown, black, undocumented, Jewish, Yankee, Commie or liberal for their fall. And they are being manipulated by big money status quo puppet-masters playing on whatever prejudice necessary.

But, without rehashing the race issues of the primaries, does anyone really believe that President Hillary Clinton would be getting any better treatment from the teabaggers and wing-nuts because she is white? She caught just as much flak when she was only First Lady. I don’t see how that supports the contention that this “movement” springs from racist motivations.

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My late father in law did not belong to the Nazi party, he was a draftee grunt in the Afrika Korp and went into the bag when the Korp was captured in Tunisia.

I was speaking tongue in cheek as to his contribution to integration, but it is a fact that seeing German POWs riding in the front of Birmingham buses while African-Americans wearing the American uniform had to ride in the back was very instrumental in raising consciousness in the black community and set the scene for Rosa Parks.

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I meant no offense, David, but was trying to express my confusion over what you were saying (also expressed tongue in cheek). My apologies if I misused the term Nazi to refer to all German soldiers of the time as that was not the case. I was just trying to understand your point.

My main point was that even though there are many racist protesters against Obama they are being used just as ones who think he's a 'big government socialist' or representative of the Northeastern liberal elite. There are, in fact, a number of AA and Hispanic critics in this wingnut crowd, too. The racial bigots are not the main impetus of this movement (as I said, Hillary would be getting the same treatment, whereas an Alan Keyes or other AA Republican would not be getting stoned as Obama is).

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I got it, David. Rec'd.

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Interesting take David.

There's no doubt that race is fundamental to the pathology of conservative white American political behavior. But I don't think a conversation is what's going on. What is going on are the preliminaries before a massive fight. The mishandling of the reconstruction and our refusal to make clear once and for all since then that racism is out forever and ever and will never be allowed to return is haunting the nation. The white racist haters of the right, delusional as they are, believe they are the rightful owners of the country. They believe they are the only legitimate voice. They believe they are the "real" Americans. In their delusional fantasies they rise up and subjagate those who would displace them. That's what bringing the guns to rallies is about and the signs about them being unarmed in DC "this time" are warning of. They will attempt, as racists have in the past, to intimidate and bully the entire nation to do their will. Talking does nothing to lessen their efforts. In fact, it encourages them to go to even greater and more hysterical and dangerous lengths. They understand force, not just physical, but sometimes physical force. We, as a nation, are going to have to make it clear by whatever means necessary that they and their racist views will never again be allowed to hold power. They are finished. Before it is all over, some of them will become violent. It has always been the case in the past and we must deal with their insane, terrorist behaviors swiftly and decisively when the time comes, and it is coming. Hard to know when, but it can't be too far off now. Time to conclude the "conversation" once and for all.

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The ones who may be open to discussion, however, are the ones who claimed that We Are Now in a POst-racial America. Gotta go--lightning alert.

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David -- I think you are honing in on something essential, and also dysfunctional, about our American society; you are right, imo, that we are all about winning and losing; we are either winners or we are losers and never the twain shall meet. Hence the maniacal chant of "we're number one" or "USA,USA..." at sporting events -- we cannot bear to lose, or even be perceived as losing.
Why? Because the cost of losing, in America, is dismissal, derision, the humiliation of being shunned... or worse, castigated, in the sense of color and class.
All the debates -- about healthcare, about the economic "recovery," about education -- all of them are about winners and losers.
How did it happen? That a country founded in the principle, if not the practice (or the practice, if not the principle) of DEMOCRACY ends up, two hundred years later, being one of hierarchy? And the South is relevant in this regard, as it is a cliche that, in the south, the hierarchy goes like this: white men, followed by their children and their hunting dogs, followed by their wives and/or their black amahs, followed by white men "from off," followed by white women from off... followed by -- god help them -- black or mixed race men. Foreigners are not even on the table of discussion.
I weep for my country, which I love but also revile, in its current state of non-union.

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Up till now, American "identity" politics was always played with surrogates: WASP men wearing masks.

Thus Bill Clinton was "America's first black president".

Thus?

Is that why Toni Morrison called Bill Clinton the first black president in 1998?

No.

Bill Clinton is a WASP?

No.

Up until now identity politics was played with surrogates?

No.

But anyway, you sure recite history like a white boy! Like African Americans have never achieved anything before Barack Obama. African Americans certainly don't see it that way, however.

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Readytoblow,

Sorry but Jack White of Time Magazine actually called Clinton the first black president.

Morrison actually repeated it and here is what she actually meant

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Yes, 1849, I know what Morrison meant, which is why I linked to her essay: So there would be no doubt that I understood. Since David Seaton co-opted and misused the concept for his strained theory, I thought people should read the phrase within the context of the original essay, but lo and behold, you still seem to need Cliffs Notes for it! Amazing.

Don't condescend and assume other people are as dense as you are, 1849. Some of us aren't.

Here's the original New Yorker piece as well as another piece about the phrase. I couldn't confirm your claim that anyone else had coined it, so please provide a link. Thanks!

In case you still don't get my point, I'll spell it out: Bill Clinton didn't invent the phrase. Seaton suggests he did, in his transition Thus.

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I think you misread and got overly defensive. Happens, but for heaven's sake stop digging :P

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Okay, please correct my mistake?

I'm not really digging. I really like Morrison's piece. I'm protective of it and highlighting it out of respect. (This may have something to do with my theatrics: I've met Morrison. Drove her from Louisville, KY, to Cincinnati, OH. So I've had the privilege of speaking one-on-one with her.)

Anyway, I maintain David's essay is b.s. My main complaint is he has (unintentionally, perhaps) made it all about whites.

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Sorry my friend, but Bill Clinton most certainly is a White, Anglo-Saxon Protestant (and also a good, old boy) and if African-Americans have not done more, it is certainly for no other reason than because they were not allowed to.

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Sorry, David, but in America, the term WASP does not = good ol' boy. Perhaps you meant the term "good ol' boy network," but that's not the term you chose. And in an essay about racial and religious prejudice prejudice, I think you should work harder to be precise. Laziness is not a defense.

Finally, you seem to have misunderstood me about African American achievement. You said:

if African-Americans have not done more, it is certainly for no other reason than because they were not allowed to

I meant that you diminish African American achievement in this essay.

Another way of saying it is: You've taken a black issue and made it all about whites! Congratulations!

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Actually my piece is all about white racism. I'll leave black racism for some other day.

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Never mind.

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There is a certain history the Europe has the we do not share. Europe has been invaded, partitioned and bombed to rubble more times than one can remember.

This has an effect on how one views the world and their own area. They just don't get that uptight about most things.

C

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This has an effect on how one views the world and their own area. They just don't get that uptight about most things

Not exactly. Here's a recent example:

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/01/world/europe/01france.html

Your view is a very simplistic stereotype, one which seems to have a lot of attraction to Americans with some kind of inferiority complex about being American. If you want to play "comparative cultures," we don't really rank that low on the whole the "fear of the other" and xenophobia thing. Actually, there's a lot of evidence for the argument that we rank quite high. That Times' story made me think of how ironic it was that they gave us the Statue of Liberty and we emblazoned it with Emma Lazarus' poem.

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Art,
You are right in a way, because no European country is asking for the world to, "bring me your tired etc", European countries are nations in the basic sense of common language, common memories, a certain family resemblance and so on, not a set of laws or a political system.

The USA has chosen to see itself as a melting pot, but the people don't ever really melt; as a great experiment, one that may not be a success.

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I lived on 30 bucks amonth for food for a period of ten months.

I lost 90 pounds. That was the good news.

I had tv but no cable. three religious channels and the big four. I remember my ten bucks being late and this hamburger commercial used to DRIVE ME NUTS.

Someone says to himself, hey I 'need' a car. which means he needs some outlandish car payment every month which barely covers the interest on the loan which is 'subprime' no matter how you look at it. And the more expensive, the more expensive the maintenance and insurance. All this after paying the license fees.

Now he is looking at a payment half the size of his mortgage.

now he needs seven or eight decent suits and a redo on the basement...

Pretty soon the guy making two hundred big ones a year has nothing in the bank. He lost his pension a year ago.

His sixteen year old already costs him fifteen a year at the private school and next year college will cost forty grand.

No wonder the SOB thinks he is in hell. And his wife picks up thirty or so from the department store desk job........

Then peeps are constantly hitting on both of them for contributions.

Meanwhile, some guy is gopher Wisconsin is pulling in 75 g's from his car wash and he does not have a worry in the world. Owns the small rambler he got from his parents after they died and an employee of his keeps his 98 Olds runnin fine.

The 'rich guy' thinks that between property taxes, sales taxes on big items, state income tax, federal income tax...all his problems stem from the government while at the same time, his employer get ninety percent of its gross from government contracts or as a result of tax credits given to its employers.

There is so much ego involved in all of this as well as cultural influences that the economics of both examples becomes less and less relevant.

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David, I read something today that stuck in my craw. In my limited experience, the best read I've had on "what is fascism" came from Klaus Theweliet's work on the writings of the German Friecorp between the wars, "Male Fantasies." I found a blog by a very interesting writer, Steven Shaviro. He was commenting of the only other work by Theweliet that has been translated into English, "Object-Choice (All You Need Is Love)."

"Psychoanalyzing Freud himself is something that has been done widely in the last 25 years; this aspect of Theweleit’s book isn’t all that new or (to me) interesting. What is interesting about the book is this:
Theweleit brings out the sense, which one finds in Freud at his best, that our deepest desires and actions are ones over which we have no control, and which we cannot possibly understand, or even recognize in and about ourselves. This sense of our inevitable blindness to our own motives, of the way the “self” is imbricated in configurations of meaning that extend far beyond it, is what’s missing from all those contemporary approaches to the mind, cognitive or otherwise, that congratulate themselves on leaving Freud behind."

http://www.shaviro.com/Blog/?p=280

I didn't think that that suggested the tea baggers need to go through Freudian psychoanalysis. I thought it suggested that discourse, a "conversation" or even reason were not the right tools for the job. If racism is involved, it comes from that inaccessible "self." I'm going to have to think about this some more. Right now I believe that the "Billionaires for Wealthcare" are the only ones who have penetrated the defensive fortifictions - but that may not last if Glenn Beck gets wise to it.

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My take is that the puritan hatred of the "loser" as one whom God has cursed and the fear of carrying that stain is really the motor of American life and that black people are the sacrificial "loser" or whipping boy, which permits even the most lowly (in his own perception) white person to feel superior to someone. By electing an African-American to the office of president (winner in chief) the USA has just taken out a lifetime membership card in the "losers club" for large (huge?) percentage of its population.

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