This also got me thinking about inaugural invocations and benedictions and Congressional opening prayers and the like:

..."The rituals that religions have been encouraging for thousands of years seem to be a kind of anaerobic workout for self-control." ....

The religious people scored relatively high in conscientiousness and self-control, whereas the spiritual people tended to score relatively low.

"Thinking about the oneness of humanity and the unity of nature doesn't seem to be related to self-control," Dr. McCullough said. "The self-control effect seems to come from being engaged in religious institutions and behaviors."

Does this mean that nonbelievers like me should start going to church? Even if you don't believe in a supernatural god, you could try improving your self-control by at least going along with the rituals of organized religion.

But that probably wouldn't work either, Dr. McCullough told me, because personality studies have identified a difference between true believers and others who attend services for extrinsic reasons, like wanting to impress people or make social connections. The intrinsically religious people have higher self-control, but the extrinsically religious do not....

"People can have sacred values that aren't religious values," he said...

But

"Sacred values come prefabricated for religious believers," Dr. McCullough said. "The belief that God has preferences for how you behave and the goals you set for yourself has to be the granddaddy of all psychological devices for encouraging people to follow through with their goals. That may help to explain why belief in God has been so persistent through the ages."

more @

For Good Self-Control, Try Getting Religious About It, December 30 New York Times.