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More on Appalachia (and Obama)
I'm glad to see discussions about Appalachia and the Scotch-Irish anti-Obama voting patterns, partly because I think it's an issue the Obama campaign needs to deal with, partly because I've written about it elsewhere (in Ta-Nehisi Coates's blog) and partly because it's really interesting.
Here's more. The Appalachian back-country sees political leadership as personal. Think Andrew Jackson. I think this means that political campaigning is about presence. You have to be there. Hillary was there; Obama was not, barely seen in W.Va. last week. Personal style matters, and Obama's suit and tie didn't help him in an anti-aristocratic political culture.
Intense identification also means that politics is also about loyalty. Once you sign up with a leader, you stay signed up. Hillary wins on this one too, riding in on her husband's name and history. Too bad for Obama.
Loyalty means no dissent, and a politics of political change, brought in by an outsider, gets little reception.
Obama has been swimming upstream in more subtle ways. Appalachia is an oral culture, built on ballads and folktales transmitted from generation to generation. I would think that this would disfavor ads, and favor speeches and face-time. Guess who did which?
It's harder to introduce new messages into such a political environment, especially when the messages, Obama's messages, are universal inclusion -- as opposed to the clannish local society -- and solidarity -- as opposed to the local libertarianism.
Finally, we're talking not only low educational levels brought in with immigration (in parts of Scotland there were few schools at all, going back to before the 18th century). We're talking about a culture where schoolmasters literally had to fight their way into the classrooms to teach. The custom was called "barring out": to get some time off, students would block the teachers from the school doors. Little sympathy here for the visibly larned Obama.
McCain -- "maverick" border style and Scotch name -- is going to have a leg up.
If I were the Obama people I would make the local campaign read Albion's Seed (where I cribbed most of this), have Webb and Edwards camp out in the Blue Ridge and the Smokies, and have one of them appear on the stage every time the candidate shows up.
And have him go early and often.
No tie.














Comments (9)
I wrote a recent post here (completely coincidence) that makes some of these exact points(though perhaps not so thoroughly, or so well). Thank you. I'm not actually from the Appalachian region per se, but I'm close enough to it and familiar enough with the people and the culture to have a pretty good idea of what I'm talking about.
It's certainly a more informed idea than most of what I read in here: I am frankly appalled by the ignorance and the outright, oblivious intolerance of so many of Sen. Obama's supporters on this subject, as expressed in the the aftermath of the outcome in West Virginia. To excuse Sen. Obama's poor performance there as pure and simple "racism" is a self-perpetuating fraud. That attitude is SURE to lead to trouble in November and beyond, if that is the only simplistic "lesson" that is taken from it.
I'm sure it would suprise many of the readers here to learn that the kind of deep-seated, violent racial attitudes we associate with either the Deep South or the big northern cities (perhaps almost equally unfairly) are actually relatively unusual in the Appalachian region. People there DO have their prejudices (Read further in TPM to acknowledge that we ALL apparently do), but skin color is not high on that list.
Some of the statements I've read in here recently on this matter cause me to legitimately and seriously question the good sense of Sen. Obama's supporters (and by logical extension, the Senator himself). Is this what we mean by "uniting the country"? I don't know, but that's certainly not what THIS citizen intends it to mean. I thought I had left self-righteous, narrow-minded, hateful ignorance behind when the truth finally caught-up with Pres. Bush and his Free-Republic people.
Now, I'm not so sure.
May 15, 2008 10:51 AM | Reply | Permalink
How watchful you must be when near such strife
but one can see, and pear beneath
to read your very thoughts.
(167:118)
May 15, 2008 11:52 AM | Reply | Permalink
Please recommend!
Thanks for continuing this discussion.
I read with great interest yesterday's post by Akbarjenkins and the comments that followed.
Excellent post.
May 15, 2008 11:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
You know, I've lived around Appalachian people, have traveled in and out of Appalachia and know enough Appalachian people to think that this is 99% cliched thinking about Appalachians and Appalachia.
If there is a reality based community in this country it is Appalachia. It is a grindingly poor existence for the most part and they are looking for the candidate who they think can offer them something else. These people aren't stupid, they are not insulated from the "real world", they know perfectly well what's going on and what they desparately want is a way out of the poverty. They know that no one cares, they know they aren't necessary for a candidate to win the nomination and they know that no matter who is in office it probably won't change at all for them.
Just this idea that these people are bound to the cultural bindings of the "Scots Irish" is condescendingly insulting to them. Many of the Appalachians have been in this country for 300 years and they are thoroughly, truly Americans, in the same way that Italians, Jews, Germans and other people who came to this country are Americans. The Appalachians have tv, they have newspapers, they have ipods, they have video games, they have homes, they have pretty much the same things that other Americans have - what they don't have are jobs. When Clinton says it's about "jobs, jobs, jobs" they know she gets it. If they get jobs, they have to drive great distances to get to them, often times many hours of their day are spent getting to work, so when Clinton says she will try to get immediate relief with a gas tax holiday, they know she gets it.
When Obama tells them he is for "clean coal" they know he doesn't get it. If there is any "minority" that Appalachians despise as a class, it is the coal mining companies. They know there is no such thing as "clean coal" because for generations they've been dying of coal related diseases. Obama's solution to the area's problem is more coal mining jobs, and if there is anything that Appalachians want it is a way out of coal mining as a way of life. If Obama wants to win that area, then he has to stop telling them what they need and start asking them what they want. That's the way Kennedy won that area, that's the way Roosevelt won that area and that's the way Clinton won this primary.
May 15, 2008 12:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
BevD,
Right on the money. Particularly good point about "reality-based" people. As a general rule, they can spot a phony before they even get out of the car.
Ironically, this sort of gritty, skeptical realism is a quality that many black people seem to have, as well. Again, as a general rule (I try to be careful about overly broad stereotypes), black and "mountain" people actually have a lot in common. I think that at some intuitive level, the more perceptive among BOTH of these groups know that.
May 15, 2008 12:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
I don't know, one wilson - I would hesitate to say one group is more this than another group, although I understand the point you're making.
May 15, 2008 4:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
Responding to Josh’s recent inquiries into a unique Appalachian culture, I worry about the dark side of what is essentially an ethnic identity question.
Syndicated right-winger Kathleen Parker printed a really disturbing column yesterday in which she conflated Obama with illegal immigrants.
http://www.townhall.com/columnists/KathleenParker/2008/05/14/getting_bubba?page=1
Since Obama’s father was born in Kenya, Barack lacks the genetic capacity to “get” America. This “Obama doesn’t get America” trope is being passed around in that circle of right wingers who know how to read and write for the media. For example, Peggy Noonan dropped the idea into her largely positive response to Obama's "More perfect Union" speech. We can expect to hear it repeated with increasing regularity and I hope the Obama campaign is prepared to counter it.
I find her reasoning to be profoundly racist in a very scary nationalistic way. She claims a national divide that is not racial but is one between patriots and multi-culturalists. It gets creepy when she defines patriotism as being the “heritage” that is received through bloodlines. The currency of the America that Kathleen Parker deems authentic is measured in blood. Down payment consists of human life lost to war, the deed passed genetically to “ordinary” “white Americans”. She sounds like an aperthied Afrikaner here yet denies that racism has any place in the discussion.
http://www.townhall.com/columnists/KathleenParker/2008/05/14/getting_bubba?page=1
“Politics may no longer be so much about race and gender as about heritage, core values, and made-in-America.”
“It's about blood equity, heritage and commitment to hard-won American values. And roots.”
“-- there is a very real sense that once-upon-a-time America is getting lost in the dash to diversity.”
But there's a different sense of America among those who trace their bloodlines back through generations of sacrifice.
It isn't necessarily racist or nativist to worry about what these new demographics mean to the larger American story.
Yet, white Americans primarily -- and Southerners, rural and small-town folks especially -- have been put on the defensive for their throwback concerns with "guns, God and gays,"
But so-called "ordinary Americans" aren't so easily manipulated and they don't need interpreters.
What they know is that their forefathers fought and died for an America that has worked pretty well for more than 200 years. What they sense is that their heritage is being swept under the carpet while multiculturalism becomes the new national narrative.”
http://www.townhall.com/columnists/KathleenParker/2008/05/14/getting_bubba?page=1
By “new demographics” Parker means immigrants. By the larger American story she means the fading hegemony of of white European progeny. She may mean the descendants of Scot-Irish immigrants who settled and became isolated in Appalachia -- no less immigrants for having arrived sooner than many Latinos.
I also object to her notion that “ordinary whites” have more of a claim to America than those she deems less white and less ordinary. She bases the claim on the notion that white forefathers bought a birthright with their blood.
Fully 25% of war casualties, back to and including the Civil War, were of non-white ethnicities – a number disproportionate to the general population.
One almost expects her to start quoting blood-type percentages as noted in the anti-miscegenation laws that, and I quote Ms. Parker intending sarcasm, "worked pretty well for 200 years"
The “larger American story” is in fact the one that Parker would deny. The story has always included a highly diverse population whose constituents have continued to arrive from other places and nations.
May 15, 2008 12:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
While all the discussion about Appalachian sub-culture is right up my alley, as I am fascinated by such things, on the political front, I think it is leading people off the track. I can't not see people, including Josh Marshall, just using it as a "aha" excuse, as if something new and different is going on here that can be answered by the specifics of Appalachian culture.
What is getting Hillary votes, in Appalachia this time, is not a new problem for the Democratic party. I suspect one could just take Thomas Frank's "What's The Matter with Kansas" and change "Kansas" to "Appalachia" and you'd have yourself some accurate analysis. Or you could read and it would be explained there. Or you can look at the type of things the DLC was trying in its infancy in the 1980's after the "Reagan revolution."
It's all the same thing, there were once many more staunch Democrats and we lost them with Ronald Reagan, and the reason is that some of beliefs of the liberal wing of the party in the 70's got associated as a description of the entire Democratic party. The problem really is not "Appalachia," that's just putting a new name on a problem that is decades old now. And yes, there is danger that these people who like what Hillary was saying in Appalachia, and others like them around the country, will vote for John McCain if Obama gets typed as "too liberal," and for GOP Congresspersons and Senators if the alternative offered them by the Democratic party is "too liberal." They have not been loyal to the Democratic party for quite some time now, you see, you now have to win their votes with what image you give off, what you promise, and/or what you say. They went to vote in the Democratic primaries because they don't like what Bush did, that doesn't mean they are ready to sign up as card carrying members of a liberal Democratic party.
May 15, 2008 11:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
Oops, screwed up the link code, cut something out of the comment, here's the corrected line missing that goes with the link:
Or you could read the more recent "The Bulldozer and the Big Tent" by Todd Gitlin and it would be explained there.
May 15, 2008 11:22 PM | Reply | Permalink
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