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Is Globalization Working For America?

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bp195_figure_cIf the average American worker had any economic literacy, they would look at this chart and scream, "I've been getting royally screwed since 2001!" Capitalism was not supposed to work this way--as the workers become more productive their wages fall. But of course as wages fall and layoffs grow, the working class is well aware that they can no longer borrow from their home equity or their ten credit cards and so they cut back on discretionary spending. This means that our ten years of overcapacity in what's left of our industrial plant will get worse

Ben Bernanke says the recession is over, but he is wrong.

The so-called underemployment rate (which includes people whose hours have been cut, and those working part-time for lack of full-time positions, along with the jobless) reached 17 percent, the highest level since the government began tracking it in 1994.

Think of what 17% real unemployment means. It means that thousands of retail businesses will limp through Christmas on a wing and a prayer and then shut down. It means that state and local tax revenues will fall even further leading to more School and University layoffs. ultimately American's will be less prepared to compete, because they will be less educated.

Since 1980 politicians of both parties have preached the gospel of globalization--the ability of American multinationals to move their financial and physical resources anywhere on the globe to get the best return. For a while we were able to mask the hollowing out of our domestic industrial base with the fantasy that we would export our services all over the world and that the financialization of the American economy would make up for the shortfall in our industrial output. And now we are reaping the whirlwind of that bankrupt notion. Yes we have poured trillions into Wall Street banks to restart the casino economy, but the average American isn't buying it. She wants to pay off her credit cards, not borrow more. The small businessman does not have enough orders to need to borrow money. And as a country, the only durable good we make that anyone wants to buy are weapons of war.

0801-biz-webCHARTSA couple of weeks ago Gordon Crawford, the most savvy media investor I know participated in one of my "Art of the Long View" seminars. He said that if you masked the name of the countries on a chart of exports, borrowing, industrial output, etc you would think the U.S. was a developing nation and China was the developed nation.

We are in a desperate bind, trapped by conventional thinking. If we look like a developing nation, perhaps we need to seed an industrial base like a developing nation would. That would mean both tax breaks and subsidies for companies who bring their manufacturing back to America or build new plants here. That would mean favoring American manufactured solar cells and wind turbines over Chinese and German imports. I can hear all the free trade economists screaming "No, no", but when the real unemployment rate hits 21% next year, what will be their answer to the American jobs crisis?

In a speech in 2002 to the National Economists Club, Ben Bernanke, (then a Fed Governor) tried to distinguish a deflationary recession, from the garden variety.

However, a deflationary recession may differ in one respect from "normal" recessions in which the inflation rate is at least modestly positive: Deflation of sufficient magnitude may result in the nominal interest rate declining to zero or very close to zero. Once the nominal interest rate is at zero, no further downward adjustment in the rate can occur, since lenders generally will not accept a negative nominal interest rate when it is possible instead to hold cash. At this point, the nominal interest rate is said to have hit the "zero bound."

Today the nominal interest rate has hit the "zero bound". Bernanke's solution in this speech was to "turn on the printing presses" and flood the system with dollars. This in effect is what he is doing today. He is trying to inflate another bubble, because that seems to be the only solution to an American economy that no longer produces anything that other countries will pay for (we produce lots of movies, music and videogames, but they are all stolen, not paid for).

In Andrew Ross Sorkin's wonderful telling of "Wall Street's Near Death Experience" in the new Vanity Fair (not online yet), you get a true sense of Benanke, Paulson and Geithner in total panic. They have no idea what will solve the crisis so they are going in every direction at once, grasping for a lifeline. From the outside in September of 2008, they seemed cool and collected, but in reality they were puking (literally in Paulson's case) from terminal nervous exhaustion. They didn't have a clue.

Today we are not about to witness the wholesale destruction of the financial system that almost occurred one year ago. But Bernanke's worries about the deflationary spiral that hit Japan in the 1990's (and still affects it today) are worth hearing.

That this concern is not purely hypothetical is brought home to us whenever we read newspaper reports about Japan, where what seems to be a relatively moderate deflation--a decline in consumer prices of about 1 percent per year--has been associated with years of painfully slow growth, rising joblessness, and apparently intractable financial problems in the banking and corporate sectors.

I know that Larry Summers and Tim Geithner seem cool and calm. I know that Harry Reid, Mitch McConnell, Nancy Pelosi and John Boehner don't really believe we are still in a financial crisis. Either they are all good fakers for the camera or somehow they think the good old American consumer is going to go back to their old ways, max out their credit card and get the mall economy rolling again. This is a fantasy and until we face facts that we have to rebuild an American manufacturing and exporting economy that can put America back to work we will remain prisoners of the globalization fantasy.


23 Comments

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Capitalism was not supposed to work this way--as the workers become more productive their wages fall.

Capitalism works exactly this way. There is no market-based guarantee that as worker productivity rises, the added value that is produced will be returned to workers in the form of wages. Only in highly idealized circumstances in which there is a sellers market for labor would that be true.

Capitalism alone isn't sufficient to improve the condition of workers. You need capitalism plus broad-based worker solidarity, with collective action and bargaining.

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The problem with looking at productivity is the assumption that workers are working harder to produce more. The reality is that automation and computerization have reduced the need for workers, 2 can do the work that required 3 or 4 previously. Hence, productivity is up, but the workers may actually be working fewer hours or doing less. On man can oversee a fleet of robot welders, and his work consists only of watching monitors (and his pay may be less than 1 welder earned). He is not doing the work of 10 welders, but that is how it works out productivity wise.

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There we no technological advances made in Q2 that would explains 6.6% productivity growth during a period of layoffs. It's people working harder and faster to save their butts.

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No, it's not. When businesses cut back, they logically cut their least productive units, raising the overall average. It's easy to increase productivity while downsizing. When you see a business increasing productivity while expanding, buy it.

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Well, where I work, whenever people are let go - even if they were not very productive - everybody else has to work harder, because much some of the work load of the laid-off employees is not suspended entirely, but is shifted to other people.

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There's always some of that going on, but there are only so many hours in the day and most people were already squeezed to the limit. What usually happens is that people put off less productive work to get the most important tasks done -> higher overall productivity. It's a variation on the same theme.

Counterbalancing that, morale usually declines. I see it every day where I work. Unmotivated people don't work as hard. Where once people would stay late to get a job done, they're now more willing to put it off to the next day.

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This is a little incomplete, although I agree.

The workers are supposed to switch to something else that pays more. So that overall, wages don't fall. Stuff gets cheaper to make -- so move some resources towards making stuff that isn't so cheap to take advantage of all your newly freed resources. the problem...what is that?? And how to cushion the pain suffered in between jobs?

The good news is that except for perhaps sub-saharan africa, the advantage offered to multinationals to relocate abroad to take advantage of lower wages has gotten pretty slim. They all want the benes now -- and where there aren't any, the political/instability risk is pretty high.

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"You need capitalism plus broad-based worker solidarity, with collective action and bargaining."

And a government that measures success by the quality of life for an average citizen, not its wealthiest 1%.

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That's right,Taplin identifies some of the major ills but when he writes "This is a fantasy and until we face facts that we have to rebuild an American manufacturing and exporting economy that can put America back to work we will remain prisoners of the globalization fantasy.", it semms he wants to go back to a model of chasing growth as measured by GDP or exports, etc.
We need to find new ways of measuring quality of life.

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But the government is populated BY the top 1%. What do you really expect them to do? Sacrifice for the good of the country?

Get real.

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Are you being snarky, cynical, or both here?

Because it seems obvious to me that the solution is to vote the current oligarchy out and vote people who will promote the welfare of the working and middle classes in. Not that this is likely to happen either, given an electorate that prefers a bloated military, imnperialist foreign policy and tax cuts for the very wealthiest among us to good schools and health care for everyone.

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Subsidies and tax breaks for big manufacturers would just wind up lining the pockets of fat cat executives who will then turn around and do just what they have been doing -- squeezing productivity out of workers by underpaying them. The lesson of the bailout is that you can give billions to businesses but that money will never reach the people.

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Simply put, capitalism cannot exist without slavery in some form - virtual or actual.

Since actual slavery is somewhat frowned upon in polite circles, we end up with virtual slavery in its many forms, the most obvious to us being the American wage slave - hopelessly bound to a job because of debt and fear of losing health insurance, chains of slavery compounded by the threat of punishment due to anemic job market. Remember this when you ask yourself why there is so much resistence to universal health care - because employer-provided health insurace is a manacle on the leg of the wage slave.

Then there is the virtual slavery afforded by moving production and even service capacity overseas, where labor costs and restrictions are minimal.

But let us not forget the virtual slavery of robotics and automation. Replace a worker with a robot who never needs a raise, over time the costs of a robot become almost zero, and the perfect robot is the robot who can make other robots.

Without these three slaves - the American wage slave, the Marshall Island sweat shop slave, and the robot slave - American capitalism would have already failed.

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Well said.

American predatory Capitalism, aka Neo-Capitalism, purpose is Return On Investment and short term profits. The effect, of course, is job loss in the US, lower total cost of production from off shore facilities and then moving facilities to even lower cost regions as labor and other costs increase. The prime case after NAFTA is jobs moving to Mexico, then Singapore then Thailand, India and China. For a while, laid off or underemployed workers can afford cheaper imports

With the world now experiencing pandemic recession, I expect reduced birth rates will follow with the uncertainty of our future. Since our economic theories are based on expansion and consumption, we need more new consumers of the US model; insatiable want for the latest and greatest bobble and unsustainable personal debt. I don't believe the rest of the world will support that model, nor, increasingly, will the US consumer. Now what?

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Who's going to build the robots? What about the robot-building robots?

Anyone who works for a living is going to feel like a slave, depending on what their actual job is, but virtual slavery is not the same thing as actual slavery. Especially not when 80-percent of Americans don't vote in primary elections.

If we are slaves, we provide the chains that bind us and keep forgetting we have the key to set ourselves free.

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Many captives are the same. They live for years with their captives, unable to comprehend their own escape, because they can't remember they have the keys to escape.

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The first graph here is rather bizarre. The horizontal axis is clumsily labelled, it is unclear why wages but not productivity are broken down by gender, and the sources are obscure (and suspect). I nonetheless have no problem believing that wages stagnated while productivity rose under George W. Bush. But this is hardly news, first of all. Secondly it does not prove jacksh-- about Bernacke who, whatever his quite serious faulty policies, surely knows that recessions are defined by economic growth not employment rates. Finally, it provides no basis for otherwise unfounded and dubious forecasts of imminent 20% unemployment rates.

One sensible progressive response to the longstanding trend of rich getting richer and poor getting poorer would be to push NOW for undoing the GWB tax cuts which never made any sense except as a Rovian deception to win votes from the duped couch potatoes (and a sop to well-headed campaign donors). If Democrats had half a backbone they'd have ALREADY organized a progressive tax realignment, perhaps within the "stimulus" package as "stimulus, reform and fairness" instead of kissing the MINORITY Republicans behinds and getting absolute zip in return. In any event there is zero value using Democrat spinelessness as a reason for going off on half-baked and irrelevant neo-Marxist rants.

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The first graph here seems like a repetition of the old "productivity growth is trumping wage growth" fallacy. But we know that this is at least mostly unfounded.

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Capitalism was not supposed to work this way--as the workers become more productive their wages fall.

According to Marx, this is precisely how capitalism is supposed to work?

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khin:

I just followed your link.

If I understand your argument correctly, capitalism - because of increased depreciation - needs to work harder and harder just to replace depleted assets and hence is not as capable as one might suppose to confer benefits upon workers. In other words, modern capital is consuming itself more than it is consuming labor.

If so, these depreciating assets would become waste and there should be available statistics which would confirm or deny this result.

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I think it's more just another way of saying that the top wage-earners in our current economy, such as corporate lawyers and investment bankers, make way, way more than the average working stiff.

That, and all of the average wage earners increase in compensation have come from employers providing increasingly more expensive health care benefits.

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If the average American commentator had any economic literacy at all, (s)he’d realize that protectionism, specifically and directly targets lower income families forced to sacrifice some degree of quality in the products they buy in favor of a lower price.

Less than 7% of America’s employed work force actually makes things (i.e., the manufacturing production workers). And, cheaper imported products very directly increase standards of living for the poorest Americans by making their money go further.

Manufacturing is a relatively low value-added activity, and manufacturing production workers have been declining as a share of total US employment on a very, very straight-line basis for 65 years. Yes, since WWII.

So, where is the logic of "protecting" 7% of the work force employed in a dead-end industry, at the expense of 100% of the consumers?

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You can't have an economy without manufacturing something. The "poorest of Americans" still need money to buy cheap imported products. Where do they get their money? First they ship our manufacturing jobs overseas. Then tech support. Soon our government jobs will be overseas and there won't be any USA left. This is a means to an end and your opinion is a perfect demonstration of the backwards logic that is destroying this country.

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