Introducing the 'Nanostory'
Thanks so much to TPM for hosting this discussion about my new book, And Then There's This: How Stories Live and Die in Viral Culture. In its (admittedly eccentric) mix of first-person reporting, experimental stunts, and honest-to-God social science, the book tries to examine how the Internet is changing culture -- specifically, how the Internet is changing the way we tell stories to ourselves about the world.
In the very first pages of the book (you can read them here), I introduce the idea of the "nanostory," which I see as the basic unit of new-media culture. Basically a nanostory is an intense media narrative about what's happening at the moment. For example, here are some examples of nanostories from last week:
* Bill Clinton's intervention to save two US journalists in North Korea
* The right-wing mobs at Democratic town-hall meetings on health care
* Nancy Pelosi's comment about "swastikas" on protesters' signs
* Sarah Palin's claim that a "death panel" might decide to euthanize Trig
* The Obama Administration's health care logo
* The "Obama as Joker" posters
* Thursday's Twitter outage
* The death of John Hughes
As you can tell from this list, I mean the term "nanostory" to be pretty inclusive. It encompasses indisputable hard news (e.g., Clinton's rescue, Hughes's death) and noteworthy political developments (e.g., the town-hall mobs) as well as the inevitable tempests in teapots (e.g., the Obama logo, the Joker posters). I don't mean to imply that all nanostories are worthless distractions. What distinguishes nanostories is the intensity of the short-term conversation they spur, which tends to be matched by the speed with which they wane and are eventually forgotten.
Also -- as you can see from all the health-care-related items on this list -- nanostories often serve as the lens through which we comprehend truly large, important, long-term stories. The scope of the health-care problem is almost unfathomable; the intricacies of the bills under consideration are many, and the legislative process moves at a pace that seems (for all of us living on Internet time) glacial. So instead we wage a sort of proxy war through small, symbolic narratives.
Think about what the AIG bonuses furor was to the financial crisis, or what "An Inconvenient Truth" (or anything Al Gore-related) has been to the climate-change debate. For better or worse, nanostories are used to make a large, sophisticated problem seem very personal and -- this is key -- very combustible.
At this point, readers might have a natural objection: Haven't we had nanostories for a long time? Aren't they really more a product of TV culture (e.g., "sound bites") than of Internet culture?
To which I would reply, yes and no. Yes, the bite-size symbolic politics of the nanostory was invented by television, if not by the printing press itself. But it's taken the new media (the Interet, but also cable television, satellite radio, etc.) to overrun our daily consciousness with them. In the era of big media institutions, this kind of small-bore news story had to be created from the top down, by a small number of gatekeepers, and so you could have so many tiny stories in any given day or week. Today, the mass-media outlets are often just trying to catch up, reporting on the myriad incidents and outrages that burble up out of the Web conversation. With the explosion of new media, it's almost mathematical: the more people who are out there trying to create and find novelty, the more novelty that gets created and found.
Much of my book is about how the Internet is changing pop culture and business; only the final chapter deals with politics. But this being TPM, I'd love to really focus on the political. How much does all this meme warfare really matter, in terms of winning votes and passing bills? How can we play at that kind of politics -- since doing so is clearly necessary -- without losing sight of the bigger goals?





















Harried reporters tend to see breaking news through the rear view mirror of premises they haven't had time to examine. It's obvious that this reality affects the 'breaking news' story.
It seems to me that the popularity (overkill?) of poll-taking, reading and analyzing which may measure the public pulse at the moment also affects public opinion. Besides, given that the original sample group polled is not the same (only about 28% of the group will agree to be polled) as the group actually sampled, just how valid are the final numbers.
I don't know if the Internet fits here, but a question often posed is which came first - TV fodder that polluted the public palate or a polluted palate that created TV a major polluter. Either way, we're ending up with seriously polluted information.
August 10, 2009 3:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
I may be forced to write about indie rock and MP3 blogs anyway.
August 10, 2009 3:50 PM | Reply | Permalink
I introduce the idea of the "nanostory," which I see as the basic unit of new-media culture
Did you copyright this? I sure would like to use it; been looking for such a word to describe much of what I see take over Reader Blogs on this site (not to mention the front page) every day. :-)
Much of my book is about how the Internet is changing pop culture and business; only the final chapter deals with politics. But this being TPM, I'd love to really focus on the political.
Geez I wish you wouldn't do that. The political side is so um, "nanostory," compared to pop culture and business. And I frequent TPMCafe much more than the other sub-sites here precisely because it is the only one that is set up to venture away from the day-to-day political ephemera and into more thoughtful matters.
August 10, 2009 6:46 PM | Reply | Permalink
So, are you saying that it's good we're into more thoughtful matters, or that there are nanostories taking over the Reader Blogs on this site?
Just curious.
August 10, 2009 8:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
Sorry, I realize I may sound confusing because I am a long term user who looks at the site this way: first Josh Marshall created a "TPMCafe" supposedly for posting and discussion of wonk stuff and history stuff and culture stuff that he wasn't presenting on his regular blog, as a sort alternative to the latter, which was more on breaking political topics of the day. The Cafe was for "other things."
And he included on the Cafe a place for users to post diary entries or blogs as well as a place for long term "discussion tables" of various topics. Then he started hiring people and developing more subsites (Election Central, Muckraker, etc.)
Then he got new software and decided that the discussion tables should be 86'd and that the Reader Blogs should go across the whole site and be promoted as such, not just part of the Cafe.
When he did the latter, the big audiences at Election Central, only interested in American politics and not coming here for anything else, took over the Reader Blogs, and many of them accessed it directly from there and never even knew there was a site called "TPMCafe." And they would even sometimes yell at people who wanted to post on something else besides the election, beyond pushing alternate stuff into oblivion by virtue of the Recommend system and quick churn of the big audience.
My two cents opinion: from that happening, lots of people got the idea that all the sites on this address should be about American political news only. Knowing what I know about its start, I don't think it was intended that way originally for TPMCafe (examples: Josh would post on things like HBO's Rome, and editor Kate Cambor would post on European topics, and there would be guests on things like the Danish cartoon controversy and Islam.) I don't know if it still is, and I admit I have no idea what the policy or intent is here now, but I do often sense the rule here is "let the audience decide by itself." And majority rules then.
And that takes us back to the topic of this book--the whole viral thing, the vote of vox populi as to what gets attention and what gets covered, how the popular topic of the day gets decided by internet mob, and how the future media may allocate resources according to that.
A cavaet: I don't want to give across the message that the early TPMCafe was a success at getting people to post on other things apart from vox populi "hot topic of the day." It wasn't. For example, I recall that when Cheney had his hunting accident, everyone posted their two cents on that and pushed everything else off, pages and pages of everyone's two cents on the story, for several days. And when Katrina hit, that's all that people wanted to talk about here, and nothing else, it was as if the rest of world had disappeared, and there was only New Orleans, pages and pages of it--and the management obliged the audience further by getting New Orleans related correspondents and setting up a special section for them.
So there weren't really any "good old days" here when variety was the rule. But there were days when most people did take this as a place where non-political topics of discussion, topics not even much related to news (examples: atheism, history, science, philosophy topics,) were very welcome, and promoted by staff, and welcomed by readers, and I think now that's not so much in evidence. It is pretty much considered oddball now to see a post like that. While something like social networking goes on here, it all seems to be for political ends in a way, getting like-minded people to become friendly and possibly do something political in the future, and not so much like a book club, where the idea is discussion/learning/intellectual discourse and stimulation pure and simple, without political intent.
August 10, 2009 9:11 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thank you for the explanation. You've been here a lot longer than I.
But it's my thinking that the Cafe still does that. We have many posts on religion, science, personal perspectives, poetry....no?
August 10, 2009 9:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
We're getting into an "eye of the beholder" problem, I guess. I mostly see blogs on the hot political topics of the day dominating. Yes, you have a small group of people doing socializing, too. Lately, even economics/finance and Israel/Palestine, perennial TPMCafe favorites, have taken a back seat to health care politics. I don't see much difference from what interests the audience at Daily Kos, for instance--in fact, their subject matter might be a little more diverse owing to their volume. It's ironic, as TPMCafe was started to serve as an alternative to places like Kos, and even as alternative to that which was being covered on the main page at TPM.
August 11, 2009 2:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
The nano-story may prove to be the thing that saves newspapers from demise online. A nano-story is still a story, newsworthy, and it brings people into the political conversation.
Also, erudite and well-spoken commentators love to espouse on what the nano-story means, what it reflects from a bigger picture perspective.
My experience is people who want info on the nanostory often jump from site to site to satisfy their curiosity. And this means they are likely to stumble upon one of the big picture analyses of the nano-story. And they learn something. So, by following their salacious curiosity, the nano-story can do what the reputable newspapers have always wanted to do from the beginning: inform people.
It's like that thing good teachers do when they try to make boring classroom studies more interesting to students. They pick out the salacious or attention-getting bits and start from there. Like the Stand and Deliver teacher with the melons and the chopping of the melons. I got your attention, now here's calculus.
August 10, 2009 9:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
good point.
August 10, 2009 10:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
Well, some nanostories grow up to become mesostories or megastories. But those that lack enduring interest and importance, or are lacking in a sustainable factual basis, serve their little purpose, and then are quickly dispatched.
But I think cable news plays more of a role in disseminating these little tidbits than the net. Most of what gets discussed on blogs these days seems to be a kneejerk reaction to the last thing people saw on the cable talking head shows.
August 10, 2009 11:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
Isn't there an underlying political side to nanostories, in that they can often be used to manipulate genuine issues? The birthers and town hall healthcare goons are conflated with a growing, across-the-board opposition to Obama that, in reality, doesn't exist. This is "squeaky wheel reality", in which emotional street theater by relatively tiny political subgroups becomes, through relentless coverage on cable and the internet, enormously important national phenomena. Too often, opposition sources, like this site, play into this game by constantly poring over this nonsense. A few jackasses disrupt politicos' discussions of healthcare, and - poof! - it's evidence of a grassroots uprising against "socialist" reform. Or... not.
Also, the term itself, nanostory, is useful as derogatory, and genuine news can be dismissed with the tag. I don't think accounts of Goldman Sachs' bonuses amid our economic free-fall are nanostories. I think they are crucial background on just how much our financial kingpins are detached from responsibility and monstrously greedy. The only people who'd dismiss this information as a "nanostory" are the ones benefitting from such ugly looting.
August 11, 2009 7:20 AM | Reply | Permalink