Budget Deficits and Blow Up Dolls: It's the Economy Stupid!
In the movie Lars and the Real Girl, the main character imagines that a female blow-up doll is his fiancé. To humor Lars, his brother and sister-in-law go along with the charade. Over the course of the movie, more people are drawn into the circle, until eventually the whole town is treating Bianca the blow-up doll as one of its leading citizens.
This seems to pretty well describe the debate over the budget deficit, except it's not clear that many people realize it's a charade. The main story is that Lars' budget hawk counterparts are upset that the deficits projected for 2013 or 2019 are too large. They want President Obama to commit to spending cuts and/or tax increases in order to bring these deficits to levels they consider acceptable.
The unreality of this picture is striking because the budget hawks seem not to notice that we are in the middle of an economic meltdown.
People are losing their homes through foreclosures at the rate of more than 100,000 a month. The default rates on credit cards, car loans and other debt is at record levels. Most of our major banks are effectively insolvent.
Home and stock prices have plummeted, destroying most of the wealth of the baby boom cohort as they stand on the edge of retirement. The economy is shedding almost 700,000 jobs a month, with the unemployment rate rapidly approaching the highest level since the Great Depression.
In this context we are supposed to be up in arms over the deficit projections for 2013 or 2019? This is a bit like someone complaining about the lawn not being mowed at a time when the house is on fire, it's just not the first priority. And the media all seem to go along with the charade - yes, they are very concerned about the projected deficit for 2013, just as the characters in the movie expressed concern about the health of Bianca the blow-up doll.
It is especially annoying to hear the whining from this group of deficit hawks since their whining in prior years helped to drown out serious discussion of the dangers posed by an $8 trillion housing bubble. While some of us were yelling at the top of our lungs about the imminent disaster that would hit the economy when the housing bubble burst, the media chose to focus on these deficit hawks with their dire warnings about budget deficits 40 or 50 years in the future.
Because the media and political elites chose to pay more attention to the deficit hawks than those warning about the housing bubble, we now get to enjoy the current economic crisis. And, one result of the economic crisis is (drum roll, please) ........record deficits.
To put the point so simply that even a Washington Post editor can understand it: because the media highlighted the views of the people who were ranting about the deficit rather than the views of people who understood the economy, we both got a wrecked economy and larger deficits.
The moral to this story is that the economy must take priority, not only because the state of the economy is what most directly determines people's well-being, but also because the state of the economy will be the most important determinant of the deficit.
The experience of the 1990s provides an example of exactly this sort of story. In January of 1994 the Congressional Budget Office projected that the deficit in 1999 would be $204 billion or 2.4 percent of GDP. This projection incorporated the impact of President Clinton's tax increase and spending cuts.
It turned out that there was a surplus of $125 billion in 1999, or 1.4 percent of GDP. This shift from deficit to surplus of 3.8 percentage points of GDP (equivalent to $540 billion in 2009) was not caused by further spending cuts or tax increases, it was caused by the strong economic growth of the period.
There is no guarantee that President Obama's policies will be successful in restoring strong growth, but they are clearly a step in the right direction. If we have strong growth, then our deficits will be manageable. If the economy remains weak, the deficit will remain a serious burden no matter how much we raise taxes or cut spending.
Someone has to tell the deficit hawks that their blow-up doll is not real. The issue is the economy, not the deficit.




















To put the point so simply that even a Washington Post editor can understand it
Impossible! Can't be done.
March 25, 2009 5:17 PM | Reply | Permalink
I’d say let them keep the blow up doll, then their not coming after me.
It’s the only love they’re feeling now these days.
We need to isolate or quarantine them. Their MAD and delusional.
March 25, 2009 5:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
Dean,
Is there any evidence out there, other than anecdotal, that deficit projections or indeed any national balance sheet projections 5-10 years out are meaningless? I remember all the deficit worrying during the 90s and then, as you said, we wound up with a surplus. Goldman Sachs immediately released a report speculating as to how the bond market would react if the US never printed a 30 year T-bill ever again. They were worried that we'd have surpluses forever and would thus lose a benchmark for the bond markets!
Aren't these deficit prognostications about as stupid as people's guesses about where the Dow or S&P will be in 1-3-5 years?
March 25, 2009 5:39 PM | Reply | Permalink
"Is there any evidence out there, [that X is] meaningless?"
Prove a negative? You have to look at the evidence the other way and conclude speculatively from the absence of good evidence that there is an absence of meaning.
But I agree that linear projections seldom work on a curved path.
March 26, 2009 1:10 AM | Reply | Permalink
Excellent point, Dean, and very well explained.
I wish that Obama had had that example from the '90s ready when he answered this question during the newsconference last night. Obama gave the same basic answer -- those are only projections, they don't really matter now -- but the example real nails down the idea.
-- ARG
March 25, 2009 6:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
(On the other hand, it's probably just as well that Obama didn't say anything about blow-up dolls.)
-- ARG
March 25, 2009 6:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
Ah yes, the Clinton surplus myth. This is like the people who think high tax rates in the fifties brought prosperity rather than the destruction of our competitors.
Let's not forget the impetus of Y2K and Clinton's tax CUT in 1997. Or the fact that the DOW peaked while Clinton was still in office and declined along with the economy, in spite of high income tax rates.
You have noticed that spending has cascaded and that taxes are soon to follow, but think this has no effect on the economy? Carry on old son. The destruction of the Clinton myth is what I voted for, and so far you're doing a heck of a job.
March 25, 2009 6:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
Taxes were not high under Clinton. Taxes have not been high in this country for decades.
March 26, 2009 11:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
shooter242,
I know of no one who has ever argued that high American tax rates in the 1950s brought about “the destruction of our competitors.” None.
Nor do I know of any hard, unbiased evidence that the Clinton Administration ran a budget deficit in 1997-2001. None.
March 25, 2009 9:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Have'nt you noticed yet, Shooter lives in a different universe. Perhaps it is a parallet one or maybe one that is in his own mind.
March 25, 2009 11:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
In case you're not just teasing shooter, he's right about the 50s being in part a product of the USA coming out of WWII with the only major functioning industrial apparatus ready to go, and good access to raw materials with plenty of labor.
And there is an argument that the surpluses at the end of the 90s were more a fluke than anything else, but the trend was clearly towards a balanced budget, so Congress and Clinton deserve at least some credit for reversing the earlier bad habits. Bush gets credit for trashing that reversal.
March 26, 2009 1:15 AM | Reply | Permalink
Excuse me. Shooter was saying something about the high tax rates in this country that was the cause. I agree that the US dominated the world economy in the 1950's but it had nothing to do with our tax rates. It was because we were the only major economy that came out of WWII intact. The rest of the major industrial powers had been devastated by the war.
March 26, 2009 2:54 AM | Reply | Permalink
Well the fallout from WWII leading to profitability in the US supported high tax rates which allowed the government to do important projects.
To the extent that taxes are based on profits, a non-profit economy wouldn't support government at all.
March 26, 2009 1:33 PM | Reply | Permalink
Hmmm, I can see I have to speak more slowly. High tax rates didn't destroy our competitors... we did. It was a world war? Our job was to kill people and break things? Like manufacturing capacity? When we are the only intact economy it's easy to be prosperous no matter what kind of tax regime is in place.
As for Clinton I never said there weren't surpluses, I said the market peaked along with economy and was on the way to recession.
Are there any other misconceptions I can clear up for you or Sancho Panza?
March 25, 2009 11:22 PM | Reply | Permalink
Have'nt you [we] noticed yet, Shooter lives in a different universe. Perhaps it is a parallet one or maybe one that is in his own mind.
March 26, 2009 12:23 AM | Reply | Permalink
Low taxes on high income earners promotes too much loose cash in too few hands (as well reducing wages of people who actually make things as opposed to shuffling paper) thereby removing money from where it does real work invested in real assets like factories and equipment. Instead that cash rattles around in the speculative economy creating incentive for shysters like Bernnie Madoff to seperate fools from their loose cash and slightly less unscrupulous shysters who make up almost equally useless "investments" like derivatives of darivatives and such nonsense.
As I recall stating in a response to shooter on some past occassion, managing a business is just a job (an important one) and not some God ordained calling for which all the world should worship at the feet of the annointed ones. A good executive deserves to make a good living but not be allowed to strip the world of all it's resorses
and leave everyone else sleeping under bridges.
March 26, 2009 3:31 AM | Reply | Permalink
March 26, 2009 7:09 AM | Reply | Permalink
Savings = Investments -- most of the time. And it doesn't matter who -- rich or not rich -- has legal title to those intermediated savings.
I'd rather see a tax code which permits/induces the "not rich" to accumulate a substantially greater percentage of savings economy-wide than they have (have been able to) in the recent past.
March 26, 2009 10:02 AM | Reply | Permalink
Like what, higher limits on tax-free IRA contributions? Isn't that simply "privatize Social Security" under another name?
March 26, 2009 1:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
The best way to encourage people to save would be to get interest rates high enough to make it worthwhile. Right now savings interest rates are about the lowest they've been in the postwar era. The lower the Fed sets the rates, the less incentive there is to save. 0% rates are disastrous for any economy trying to pull itself out of a recession, since there's no incentive to save and thus no money available for long-term investment.
March 27, 2009 2:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
OK shooter, the part about everybody sleeping under bridges is hyperbolly. But my point is that governments (us) grant substantial benefeits to corporations so as to promote economic growth and create many advantageous conditions for the community (us) as well as providing the opportunity for individuals to make a profit. If execs are allowed to recieve excessive remuneration without paying a large chunk in taxes they will have incentive to run corporations for the short term benefeit of themselves and not the long term goals of the corporation or the community that is invested in the existance of the corporation. This is of course exactly what has been happening in America for almost thirty years. It is what has put us in the crisis we are now facing. It is in the broad strokes the same patern that led to the 1930s depression.
Low taxes on high incomes makes incentive to extract cash from useful purposes (factories, stocks, equipment, wages, etc.) and diverts it to speculative investments that pump up bubbles creating inflation and dislocations that destroy stability.
The libertarian philosophy says "so what? what's mine is mine". But that is simplistic and doesn't take account of the myriad interrelationships that make buisiness possible. That is far too big a subject to address here but purely on a pragmatic basis it just doesn't work as evidenced by the current state of the economy.
March 26, 2009 3:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
Like all those factories they're building in China you mean?
March 26, 2009 4:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
Exactly FDRdog,
It is interesting that the capital invested in US factories has declined while the concentrated wealth has shifted to financial instruments.
That this is not good for American enterprise should be obvious. It is to me and I am a capitalist disturbed at what the last decade has wrought.
April 12, 2009 2:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Dean,
I believe projections should include first order brackets based on some kind(s) of pessimistic/optimistic deviations from the nominal trajectory used to make the prediction, along with a statement of the basis for the differential(s). Do official projection reports in fact include these? If so, why are they not well-reported along with the nominal numbers? If not, why not?
If projections are basically pablum, stuff for Congress and the media to play with, not taken seriously by planners, then it doesn't much matter. But any serious planner wants to also estimate the local likely deviations from the path and be prepared with contingency plans to deal with those.
Can you do this for us?
March 26, 2009 1:20 AM | Reply | Permalink
It would be nice if he did, but it would also expose a basic problem with all of these projections: the error bars magnify so much with each iteration that by the time you get to a 10 or 20 year projection, you often wind up with useless ranges. It's a bit like predicting that in ten years, you'll be anywhere from a multi-billionare to "already dead for 15 years". :-)
March 26, 2009 4:02 AM | Reply | Permalink
Which is sorta the point about "playthings".
But it isn't always that radical, and the quantitative issues are sometimes crucial in decision making even if qualitative politics is the driving force. At least we can say that people throw numbers around as if the numbers and the people meant something! Either it's all bullshit or there IS something being said openly.
March 26, 2009 1:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
because the media highlighted the views of the people who were ranting about the deficit rather than the views of people who understood the economy, we both got a wrecked economy and larger deficits.
You do get the sense sometimes that John Maynard Keynes lived and worked and taught all in vain. People -- especially rich people -- just plain refuse to get it.
March 26, 2009 8:56 AM | Reply | Permalink
This painful debate within our divided Congress conjures up an image of two fire hose teams at the ready to turn their hoses to put out a deadly fire with the budget hawks controlling the water supply.
March 26, 2009 9:50 AM | Reply | Permalink
http://statehoodhawaii.org/wp/index.php/2009/03/26/marshall-plan-our-economic-downturn/
Throughout the discussions and dialogue, one question that I do not hear uttered is, " how did the United States become so successful to begin with?" When both pundits and politicians talk about American ingenuity and hard work and the superiority of the American capitalist system, what is it that they are referring to? At what point did the United States and the dollar begin to dominate international currency and the world market economy?
One approach that needs further critical and historic examination is the Marshall Plan, often synonymous with the Truman Doctrine or the European Recovery Program (ERP).
March 26, 2009 3:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
Post-WWII, America had the best economic infrastructure in the world; no argument there. We also got a whole lot of raw materials from the post-colonial world very cheaply. If we had paid prices similar to 1975-2000, we probably would have had a more difficult time generating all that prosperity (and, the commodity sellers would have recovered much faster).
Huge transfer of wealth that is rarely acknowledged.
= = = = =
shooter242,
Are you suggesting pre-WWII US was in competition (manufacturing exports) with Germany, Japan and Italy? I’ll grant you one or two German industries, but not Italy or Japan. And, America’s exports were pretty small.
Oh, and your memory is a bit faulty. Remember this? “Ah yes, the Clinton surplus myth.”
= = = = =
Ellen,
I think you inadvertently left the slash mark off your equal sign (“Savings = Investments”). Savings and investment are opposites, which is to say that savings are investments (or consumption) deferred to a future date.
= = = = =
FDRdog,
There aren’t many factories being built in China these days. No demand.
March 26, 2009 10:33 PM | Reply | Permalink
Sadly, the lack of a Republican plan coupled with the bailout moves that Obama is allowing by getting the Federal Reserve to print up monopoly money will be our undoing. These sentiments from MEP Hannan of England should serve as a warning to us all. If this video rings true to our situation in the US, it might just be time to get on the horn to your Congressman or Senator and just tell them that there has to be a better way out of this rather than trying to print our way into oblivion. All this will do is enslave our children and their great grand children into permanent and everlasting debt.
We the tax payer have bailed out the banks and the automakers and we're left with the tab which can only mean a lower standard of living for all of us. Mr. Hannan makes a very credible case.
Watch this video.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94lW6Y4tBXs
March 27, 2009 12:11 AM | Reply | Permalink
Always a part of the financial problem is the deficit spending by the federal government.
That is the currently 11 Trillion dollar ponzi scheme the US Senators and Representatives are giving the American people.
As a straight mathematical projection - when past debts and interest are paid for by new borrowing, the new borrowing plus interest will continue to climb on an upward curve until it goes completely out of control.
The USA is currently using as much of its income to service the national debt as the entire budget was 15 years ago, and that time frame is narrowing each year.
March 27, 2009 5:58 PM | Reply | Permalink