Layaway Christmas
K-Mart has a new ad: Pick out your Christmas presents today, pay a little now and a little as you go along, then pick up your paid-for presents in time for holiday giving. If we needed evidence of the constriction of consumer credit, here it is. K-Mart is advertising the layaway plan that department stores used for decades before the free flow of credit turned the layaway plan into a relic.
With Mastercard and Visa cards handed out like cheap candy, layaway plans had nearly disappeared. The old-fashioned method for budgeting--pay a few bucks each week on your purchases--made no sense to millions of customers who could take the goods home and pay a little each month forever after. For more than a decade, when I have taught 507(a)(7) priorities, I have had to explain these transactions to a roomful of students who have never even heard of pay-in-advance. (And special thanks to one of those students, Sydney Leavens, who recognized the connection to the K-Mart ad.)
Could this ad be an early sign of how purchasing will change in America? A Pay-Now, Buy-Later plan will undoubtedly constrict spending in the short term, but in the long-term it would mean that the money that now goes to interest, fees and interchange fees (about $107 billion in 2007) can be used to buy socks, haircuts, prescription drugs and a million other goods and services.
Retailers pay about $23 billion in interchange fees so that their customers can use credit cards. Today's retailers say they have no choice: so long as their competitors take credit cards, they must do the same or see their customers migrate elsewhere. But if credit availability contricts across the board for consumer, the long-term fallout for K-Mart and thousands of other retailers may not be all bad.
I realize the operative word is "long-term." If credit loosens up quickly, then cash-in-advance will be a temporary blip. And for retailers who can't survive the readjustment (and short-term loss of sales) from credit to cash, then the long-term readjustment doesn't mean much. But non-credit purchasing could be the wave of the future.
It could be an old-fashioned, new-wave lay-away Christmas.

















yeah. i saw that ad last week (and said pretty much the same thing to my wife).
it really does say so much about not only the current economic/credit crunch/crisis but the troubling/changing factor credit has played in the economy during my lifetime. time was the 'service' counters at department stores were 'layaways/returns' counters... layaway never entirely went away but it certainly went into hiding.
October 23, 2008 11:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
Interesting. I remember the layaway desks in all the department stores my parents took my to as a kid in the 70s and early 80s.
Aside from simply purchasing things with credit cards, as the article notes, the other concept, similar to layaway, is the "no interest and no payments for x months". Take the item home, send in monthly payments pro-rated to pay the bill off before the end of the term.
It's how I bought my digital camera a few years ago.
October 23, 2008 12:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
Maybe it is not only a likely future, but a healthier one. The experience of being unemployed, and many of one's friends and family also unemployed, or just knowing several people out of work in the Great Depression, scarred families and burned thrift into them.
Perhaps the excruciating embarrassment and financial disaster of credit-induced bankruptcy will scare people away from unsupportable debt for a while.
October 23, 2008 12:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
An unspoken truth behind the current financial crisis is that many American's 'lifestyle bubble' is financed by credit, ergo, in order to keep the bubble economy going, more credit needs to be given to consumers to keep spending.
It is a scam because real wages have not gone up in this country in 35 years, so this is just another can that gets kicked down the road, with many consumers following Dick Cheney's advice that 'debt doesn't matter.' Really?
October 23, 2008 12:43 PM | Reply | Permalink
Layaway was of its time. Then the product that you put on layaway (usually clothing or other small items) wouldn't be outdated by the time you paid it off. Now particularly with fashion, but even with small appliances, and definitely with most electronics, the item will be out of fashion or worth less than you paid for it by the time you pay it off.
Larger purchases--beginning with sewing machines in the 1850s--were made on the installment plan--you took the item and paid the store over a period of months or years.
October 23, 2008 1:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
and layaway might once again be of its time.
the idea that 'the fashion' of absurd consumerism run amok (where functional objects are discarded for shinier objects) is the field of play rather than a disposable artifact of the field of play doesn't make a lot of sense to me.
if the field of play is changed by introducing the idea that protecting consumers rather than protecting creditors is the proper role of regulation, most of us might end up going back to happily living within our means. (and we might end up demanding that our means improve instead of demanding our credit limits be increased.)
October 23, 2008 5:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
Consumer credit can't loosen up when people are maxed out. Everyone's maxed out. VISA and Mastercard and AmEx just killed the American Cunsumer. The engine that drove our economy.
"Non-credit purchasing" is back to stay I think. To me, what would be better is smaller (non-electronic), cheaper (under $30), non-Chinese plastic toys for Christmas. Maybe we can ween off the garbage products now too.
PS - I've been thinking alot lately about the CC company advocates who say "Well, you were stupid enough to get into Credit Card Debt." Well, that's like saying "You were stupid enough to do business with us." Let's totally boycott these bloodsuckers that6 just broke the US economy.
PPS - Sorry if this is a little disjointed...
October 23, 2008 3:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Everyone's maxed out.
Far from it. 40% of the adult population has no revolving debt at all. Among those who do, the median balance is around 2500$. That certainly doesn't mean we should all go out and run up our credit cards, but it does mean that most people are not drowning in debt.
October 23, 2008 8:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
Desperate times call for desperate measures! Wal-Mart is lookiing for a way to get the last dime out of their impoverished consumers. Will there be a full refund if people lose their jobs before Christmas? I hope Wal-Mart crashes and burns. They're nothing but a funnel for Chinese crap anyway.
October 23, 2008 3:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
GZ- K-Mart, not Walmart.
October 23, 2008 3:53 PM | Reply | Permalink
Geez, I thought I was so smart when I said to myself, upon hearing the K-Mart ad, "Hey, that's when this crazy credit card thing started!" Truthfully, I didn't exactly realize it was gone -it sorted of silently faded away and I just forgot about it.
I think some of you commentors might be really young. I always say electronics are obsolete by the time you get everything installed, but it's not quite true. I go to to Sam's just for Rx's, and I amuse myself in electronics while I wait; they don't change that fast.
Plus, retailers have created an urgency. They could remarket things. OMG - I am feeling like the old fogey (I even said fogey!) but I make a respectable point. People used to have employer assisted "Christmas Clubs". You had something taken out of each paycheck all year, and you cashed them in in Sept/Oct and you would do your Christmas shopping ; what you didn't have enough money for you put a down payment on and put on layaway. (I'm explaining this because my 24 year old asked, "What's layaway?)
No retailer would have been idiotic enough to release something after September. Actually, with non-game system electronics, they want that stuff all bought before school starts as it is now.
And someone's fashion comment was way off base. That stuff is about 6 months ahead of it's useful period. That winter coat isn't going out of style between September and Dec.
Actually, this might have been some type of sociological shift. This immediate gratification, the sense that you have to have it now, have it first, upgrade seem to have fostered the whole living above our means mentality that got us in trouble. We may have been lead to slaughter, but maybe Elm St. is more responsible for this mess than I would have thought.
October 23, 2008 3:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
Errata -
I combined the concepts of Christmas bonus and Christmas club.
Christmas clubs were through the bank - you agreed in advance what you would pay, and when you cashed (or deposited) your paycheck, you put so much in the Christmas club. Sometimes the banks offered incentives.
October 23, 2008 5:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Walmart eliminated layaway last year. There were several reason, among them the need to keep inventory tied up, the need to dedicate storage space to the items, and the chances that the people would not complete the purchase and demand their money back.
Perhaps it says something about the state of credit this season, or perhaps Kmart is just reacting to the lack of this option from Walmart and sees a niche.
October 23, 2008 3:54 PM | Reply | Permalink
huh. yeah, wal-mart getting rid of layaway puts an interesting twist to this...
October 23, 2008 5:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
I remember lay-away when my wife and I first started a family in the 50s. The stores were smaller and the people that owned them much more trustworthy. In Philadelphia we had a neighborhood candy/ice cream/novelty store that put in a nice line of toys for Christmas and this was one of our lay-away stores.
One other thing, my kids used to wear KEDS sneaks, they made one style, black high tops. I think it probably took me one work hour at minimum wage to buy one pair.
Today it would take you probably 10 hours at minimum wage for a pair of sneaks.
October 23, 2008 4:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
I donlt ever remember my family ever buying something on layaway (though I do remember layaway). Many stores also had their own charge cards, which you could only use at the store itself, and generally had to payoff at the end of the term (which might be as long as 90 days). We had both Sears and Pennys cards when I was growing up.
October 23, 2008 8:34 PM | Reply | Permalink
Jon,
layaway was usually for those with little disposable income as there were no credit cards when layaway was popular. It was little more than buying goods on time but not taking possession until the goods were paid for, just about the opposite of what we have today.
October 24, 2008 11:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think it probably took me one work hour at minimum wage [to buy a pair of Keds black high top sneakers].
In 1952 the price of a pair of boys' high tops was $2.95* and the minimum wage was $0.75 per hour.
Looks like it took about 4 hours at minimum wage.
* If these weren't Keds, then, Keds would have been priced higher.
October 24, 2008 1:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Ellen,
thanks for the info. I was remembering the minimum wage as about $2.00 for some reason.
There goes that old age again. I did remember they were "U S" KEDS........I think. :-)
October 24, 2008 3:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
On a different note, I went to the Doctor the other day and the form said: "If Insurance doesn't cover something, we will charge your Credit Card. Provide your CC info Here: ____."
I didn't sign it, and didn't provide any Debit Card info. F that. They can bill me and I'll fight to make sure the Insurer pays them. I'm not going to be out the money while the Insurer tries their stalling tactics.
Risk has completely been shifted to consumers unnecessarily/disproportionately. FIGHT IT!!
October 23, 2008 4:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
Maybe you can answer this: Many of my generation hardly carry cash or checks. We use cards for everything. Not just credit cards (which I don't own) but a check/debit card. I would be very unhappy if I would be unable to use a check/debit card and unlike credit cards I also am paying no interest.
Would the reduction of credit cards also effect check/debit cards?
October 23, 2008 4:11 PM | Reply | Permalink
If I get your question, you're worried about not being able to use your debit card anymore. I doubt that will happen. They want us to use non-cash payment options because it's easier to make us part with our money that way. In fact, studies show that using debit or credit cards instead of cash makes the average person spend about 15% MORE per year on average than if you just used cash. Parting with cash is hard. It HURTS to see it go. Not so with cards.
They're here to stay. But we don't have to use them. Use cash. :) [www.daveramsey.com]
October 23, 2008 5:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Parting with cash is hard. It HURTS to see it go. Not so with cards.
I check my bank account daily (I know: OCD!) so I do see the cash go when I use my debit card. I really do think debt cards are less easy to go overboard with because you can't spend more than you have, unlike credit cards where you can always say "Oh, I'll pay it off next month...somehow".
October 23, 2008 8:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
It's the concept of spending money you don't have that has to change. The spending of actual cash money is probably going to be completely taken over by plastic (it is cheaper than minting money}. Debit cards are an issue of technology rather than economics.
October 23, 2008 5:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
We have to fight this push to make everything plastic. It extracts more out of our wallets. Also, there's fraud and thievery (by banks in the form of endless, pointless fees). I don't trust the banks. Give me cash.
Straight Cash Homey!! :)
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07G23zMGa4g)
October 23, 2008 6:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
Our posts crossed in cyberspace - yours wasn't there when I wrote. I don't disagree with you, I was making a different point that showed up after yours.
Actually, I didn't know that. I thought it would effect me that way, so I never had one until this August! And boy was I right - glad it's not just me.
October 23, 2008 6:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
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December 16, 2010 7:12 AM | Reply | Permalink
I use to love the layaway plans. I have not used a layaway in about ten years, but with the Xmas season around the corner, now is a good time. I got rid of my Credit Cards about twenty years ago, and I have been happy as a clam! I pay cash for everything. If something expensive comes up, I just pay for it, or try to. if not, I save for it, never borrow.That is why it angers me a bit when I hear these financial analysis say it is "my fault" for this financial situation too because of my CC spending. I do not have any CC cards, so no, it is NOT my fault!
October 23, 2008 7:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
Of course it's your fault!
How do you expect the economy to keep ticking over if you refuse to borrow and spend, huh?
October 24, 2008 1:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
The economy would eventually recover, after it heals itself from the addiction to debt. However, our government isn't going to let that happen. They need to keep us addicted to debt, so you can be sure we will be given easy credit again as soon as possible, in the name of doing what is "good" for the economy. Eventually, it will destroy the American way of life when the bill comes due.
Jim Anderson
www.thetruthaboutcredit.com
www.howtolivedebtfreebook.com
October 27, 2008 6:43 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think there may be a perverse phsychological effect here: layaway gets the person more or less committed to the purchase with the same kind of negligible initial outlay as a credit card. And when your credit cards are maxed out, that's important.
Meanwhile, it's important to recognize that there's another reason retailers like credit cards: even with the processing fees, it (at least according to figures distributed by the card industry) costs them way less than it does to accept, count, secure and transfer substantial amounts of cash. The typical number I used to see was seven percent. Even if the cost of handling cash is half that, it's substantial.
I wouldn't be surprised to see an expansion of "gift" and other loyalty-style cards, with discounts and other benefits, just because handling the transactions is so much easier for the retailers.
October 28, 2008 5:39 PM | Reply | Permalink
I realize the operative word is "long-term." If credit loosens up quickly, then cash-in-advance will be a temporary blip. And for retailers who can't survive the readjustment (and short-term loss of sales) from credit to cash, then the long-term readjustment doesn't mean much. But non-credit purchasing could be the wave of the future.
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December 22, 2010 6:21 AM | Reply | Permalink
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April 29, 2011 9:27 AM | Reply | Permalink