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The Non-Inevitability of Evil

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One key strategy for excusing evil and evil in American's history specifically is to treat it as an "unfortunate" inevitability, something to have sorrow over but nothing that could have reasonably been avoided-- so there is no point in making a moral judgment or seeing parallels with moral choices made in the present. In comments, offensivetoyou makes this argument in regard to genocide against Native Americans:

no government could stand against the land hunger of the people. ALL the people...Nor do you deal with the issue of disease, or of the impossibility of coexistance of two very different cultures, a problem which has existed all the time and everywhere.
Yet, of course, many contemporaries at the time DID stand against the supposed land hunger of the people.

Daniel Walker Howe's What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 (which I happen to be in the middle of reading) deals with this fight indepth. And even with the enthusiastic, not reluctant, support of President Andrew Jackson, the Indian Removal Bill just barely passed the House in 1830, 102 votes to 97. Many opposed it on principle-- see Davy Crockett, then a Tennessee Congressman, who called the bill "oppression with a vengeance." Others more pragmatically opposed the cost of what would end up being a series of wars costing the equivalent of billions of dollars.

But the vote was close and was no more inevitable than an Iraq War based on "oil hunger" that many opposed on principle. But the idea of historic inevitability and manifest destiny in the past is still invoked to try to silence critics of US imperialism today, who argue that the "national greatness" of the past, base on those non-inevitable evil decisions, is threatened by dissent today.

So arguing that past genocide or US slavery was "inevitable" is merely an updated way to forget the wrong moral choices of the past, as if there were no choices, just inevtiable acts that are to be regretted but really can't be condemned since how can you condemn inevitability?

Forgetting the past does come in many forms.


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We are certainly the United States of Amnesia. Great rebuttal.

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But then, Americans had help from the best (Harvard) and the brightest (Columbia)!

From a widely used 1940s - 1950s textbook not revised until 1962:

As for “Sambo,” whose wrongs moved the abolitionists to wrath and tears, there is some reason to believe that he suffered less than any other class in the South for its “Peculiar Institution.” . . . Although brought to America by force, the incurably optimistic Negro soon became attached to the country, and devoted to his white folks.
Morrison & Commager, The Growth of the American Republic
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This is why, to me, every civil rights and liberties vote is vitally important. It's why I'm an extremist on such issues. Because if they say expand the government's FISA powers by a slim margin today it becomes "Well, we did that 10 years ago and there was no problem." If one state narrowly passes an anti-same sex marriage amendment to its constitution it becomes a fact of life and how close the argument was doesn't seem to matter.

I actually think that offensivetoyou is more willing to admit the inherent evil within the human spirit than most of us here (including me) and I find OTY's comments useful for that reason. But Nathan has a great point here -- once something happens the story of how it happened and why is often rewritten and the further away we get form things the more inevitable they seem in hindsight.

I'm happy to admit the inherent evil within the human spirit--it's my Christian belief in original sin at work there.

But in my experience, conservatives say they have this realistic view of human evil, but in practice they employ the normal double standard in judging atrocities. Our enemies are totally evil in every way--their beliefs are wrong, their cause is wrong and if you try to understand their pov, it's because you're a moral relativist. Westerners, on the other hand, are complex, not totally evil, and there are shades of gray involved and anyway, the people killed or oppressed by the West really weren't any better--they just had less power. It's silly to romanticize victims.

I agree with the nuanced approach, but conservatives only employ nuance when necessary to downplay Western crimes. There's no nuance in their accounts of, say, Islamic terrorism and this concern over the romanticization of victims only comes up when the victims are non-Westerners.

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Eric FLINT's The Rivers of War and The Arkansas War present an entirely credible, if counterfactual, history of the period of pre-Civil War expansion and preserving, rather than ending, the always controversial slave system.

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Right you are Nathan and well said!

There have always been people who have opposed the barbarism and savagery that some Americans have demanded. Sadly, they rarely win, not becuase the majority necessarily are for the barbarism, but like in the case of the Iraq War there are so many who are silent and turn their heads the other way instead of standing up to forcefully oppose evil.

Had just a handful of Democrats in the United States Senate had the courage of their convictions and had those handful of Senators simply one what they knew was right and vote against that war we would be so much better off today it isn't even funny. Whatever might even theoretically have been gained from our naked attempt to grab Iraq's oil, it pales in comparison to the exceedingly high price we have paid already and will pay for many years to come as a result of our decision to force imperial ambition on a foreign land. Anyone with a lick of sense could see this was the case, but by a handful of votes, evil once again prevailed.

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Well said.

As an anthropologist and ethnohistorian speicalizing in Indians of the Southeastern US, I can state unequivocally that the displacement of the Native peoples was not inevitable, but the consequence of specific political acts. Following the French and Indian/Seven Years War, the British crown issued the Proclamation of 1763 (started by colonists establishing illegal settlements on Indian lands in violation of British treaties), prohibiting white settlement west of the crest of the Appalachian Mountains and severely limiting intercourse with the Indians by British subjects. Washington and other early leaders largely maintained these policies in an effort to keep the peace with the Indians. It is only with the ascendancy of Andrew Jackson, who largely represented the interests of southern and western land speculators, that displacement became inevitable and then only to further the interests and profits of the speculators. The discovery of gold in the Cherokee Nation in what is now northern Georgia sped up this process. Again it is primarily Southern agrarian elites who pushed these atrocities.

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DrDick,

excellent post. Hang around, your expertise is valued.

@ Dr. Dick


You're an expert? Hasn't it occured to you that speculators don't speculate unless there's demand for whatever it is they're buying and selling? That countries don't colonize unless they can find people willing to move to the colonies?

Dude,

I never thought of that!

You are awesome!

Does that include penal colonies like Australia and the Carolinas?

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ZoC,
Very sharp point.
Z2V

@ Zeno_of_Citium


Well, think about it. Penal colonies are quite similar in concept to isolated prisons like Alcatraz. So why is Alcatraz a museum while Australia is a country and the Carolinas states?


For me, the answer is simple; the latter can support large populations...and they would have whether or not the initial European settlements were forced or free. I don't know what the English intentions were when they established those colonies but, since they weren't fools, they probably had a good idea about what would eventually happen.

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Never under rate the role that lust for money has played in American history, if not in world history. The invasion of Iraq was a money driven decision, for example. We have spent something like a trillion dollars on the Iraq invasion so far, and the majority of that money went to Americans. The price the country paid in order to sate the lust for money by Republicans, primarily, has so far been 4000 or so American lives, tens of thousands of ruined American lives, and hundreds of thousands of Iraqi lives. It is amazing what people will do and how they will rationalize that lust for money.

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Never under rate the role that lust for money has played in American history, if not in world history. The invasion of Iraq was a money driven decision, for example. We have spent something like a trillion dollars on the Iraq invasion so far, and the majority of that money went to Americans. The price the country paid in order to sate the lust for money by Republicans, primarily, has so far been 4000 or so American lives, tens of thousands of ruined American lives, and hundreds of thousands of Iraqi lives. It is amazing what people will do and how they will rationalize that lust for money.

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hoppy,

that post was so good I'm not surprised you posted it twice.

I have noticed several digs at Southerners on TPM recently, including this post. Well, I am not a native Southerner, but I have lived there, and I have lived elsewhere in this great country. Let me spin you my opinion. Southerners, at least today, are much nicer and gentler people than are the people who live on either coast. They are much more honest too. And, black people are treated much more equal in the South than they are in Chicago, Philadelphia or New York. You want to talk about predudice? I lived in Phoenix for awhile, and there they treat the Indians sub-human. Southerners greatest fault, is that they are probably more easily led by the bad apples. New Yawkers, in contrast, cannot be led by anyone, except maybe a Pied Piper dropping hundred dollar bills behind him.

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Odd, this was not a post about Southerners but about a national decision to commit ethnic cleansing against Native Americans. The main southerner quoted was Davy Crockett, a Tennesseean who opposed the decision.

But this sectional breastbeating of southern oppression is another example of ways memory is diverted. So many ways to ignore or distract from the past -- here is another example.

Hey Nate, not trying to divert your theme, just pointing out that TPM's contributors are often predudiced against Southerners, and frankly, that predudice is thinly disquised, and it is hypocritical. What is the purpose of your focus upon 150 year old history? I think you are trying to dig the South of today. Let me guess. You don't like their politics?

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150 year old history? The post that sparked all of this recounts how African-Americans living in the south were forced to work as de facto slaves well into the 1940's. And I dare say that some people engaged in this practice are still alive today along with their beliefs.

Say what you will about people here 'dumping on the south' but this isn't about ancient history. Nobody said the north was without blame. In fact as a country everybody was to blame. African-Americans in the north were shunted into ghettos are systematically held down and to some extent still are...but in the north African-Americans were not beaten, lynched and killed, as part of what amounted to slave labor, well into the 1940's like they were in parts of the south.

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As noted, the point is history that is within the lifetime of living people.

But please note that I emphasized that the slavery involved not just southern institutions but northern ones as well, like US Steel, led by Northerners, who were for a while the largest users of the Alabama slave convict system. I actually went out of my way-- as did Blackmon -- to emphasize that the problem was not merely a southern one, even if that was the physical location of the convict slave systems he was examining.

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Faroff,

Have you actually read any of this stuff?

If I didn't know better, I'd say you were almost parodying the very mindset Nathan is rightly pointing out and decrying.

@ Newman


I didn't say individuals couldn't stand against the "supposed" land hunger of the people. I said no government could stand against it. Show me one that did...anywhere on earth. Try to be honest and not cite a government which was successful for a few years or an isolated, mountainous community which has not yet been overrun.

I can't believe they responded to you on this blog.

You are such a troll.

@ obiwankenobi


At least their responses are substantive. You're an obvious lame-brained twit.

Wow!

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obi,

I guess he told you!

Wow!

@ obiwankenobi


Nothing substantive. Just an empty head and a big mouth.

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A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:[1]

1. has a grandiose sense of self-importance -- CHECK
2. is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love -- NOT YET DEMONSTRATED
3. believes that he or she is "special" and unique -- CHECK
4. requires excessive admiration -- CHECK
5. has a sense of entitlement -- CHECK
6. is interpersonally exploitative -- NOT APPLICABLE IN THIS CONTEXT
7. lacks empathy -- CHECK
8. is often envious of others or believes others are envious of him or her -- NOT YET DEMONSTRATED
9. shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes -- CHECK

@ zeno


I see I've got two yappers following me around. I think, at one time, I had three. Wonder if I'm losing my powers.

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Which of the evaluations do you disagree with?

@ zeno


You're a really pathetic manipulator, zeno, like most babblers. The whole "discipline" is crap but trying to do it under the present circumstances, for the your purposes, is really awful.


If you don't like my arguments then refute them. If you don't like my manners then ignore me. Otherwise, fuck off.

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It's superfluous to use the @ convention in nested comments.

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offensivetoyou said:

@ zeno


You're a really pathetic manipulator, zeno..

The second "zeno" was superfluous.


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People in the same room as OTY are there because they're following him around :-)

OTY, why do you follow me around as much as you do?

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Obiwan, OTY really isn't a troll. If you debate OTY without going resorting to name calling you're pretty much guaranteed a serious response without ad hominems. OTY is the kind of conservative that a liberal around here can have fun debating.

Now... OTY asked for an example of a civilization that had it's government curb the expansive nature of its people. This is really tough. Most old cultures have tried to spread everywhere and have only been stopped by other cultures trying to spread everywhere. Indeed, my own view of foreign policy depends on that -- to do foreign policy well, you need to be able to tell the difference between another country on your borders and an aggressive power.

And that gives me a potential answer to OTY's question.

Canada? They won the war of 1812 but didn't drive further south and they have a problematic record with the natives there but it's better than the US record.

@ destor23


Here's the thing, destor, human population has been expanding across the globe for the last 60,000 years and exploding exponentially for the last 500. There's a bit of a chicken and egg problem, a question of causation. My view is that we are just like all other species; we fill every niche to capacity.

What's our niche OTY? To inhabit and eventually use up every corner of the globe? I'm serious, I'm interested in your theory here.

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Dorn, I think that it what he;s saying.

It's the same argument made by Agent Smith in the first Matrix movie, when he compared humanity to a virus. Now, I'm not sure about the validity of that argument, but it does have some resonance.

Humanity as virus. I see the similarities, but view our consciousness as the vaccine. Can we muster it to do better for ourselves in this world, in this upcoming election, or just in our own daily lives? I certainly believe so. It just seems so pointless and bleak to look at it any other way.

@ Anewdude


@ Anewdude


We do have our intelligence and our cultures. Possibly we can use those to control our growth, to live within our means by choice rather than by the agency of the four horsemen.


So far that hasn't happened but we can all hope. That's the point of conversations like these.

@ dorn76


Yes, to expand until the earth can no longer support our numbers.

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Glad to see you're getting the hang of nested comments. Your next step might be to eliminate the superfluous @.

@ zeno


It's not superfluous, you nit-picking moron. It's, at worst, redundant - an additional guide when using an outmoded, ill-designed system whose problems are amplified by overworked servers.

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o2u,
The words redundant and superfluous are synonyms. Where were you educated?

@ zeno


Redundant has the connotation of additional protection (as in Merriam Webster's "serving as a duplicate for preventing failure of an entire system upon failure of a single component"). Superfluous, that of unnecessary.


Clearly, you have no education, no intelligence, no manners, no decency, nothing whatever of worth. I have no more time for you.

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Now if you had stopped with the first paragraph, but then you couldn't, could you?

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Destor says;

If you debate OTY without going resorting to name calling you're pretty much guaranteed a serious response without ad hominems.

Destor, he consistantly starts the insults with his first reply to one who disagrees with him.

Re: Canada? They won the war of 1812

Apart from the French settlements in Quebec, Canada was a largely uninhabited wilderness in 1812 (or rather: inhabited almost entirely by Native Americans). Canada did not "win" the War of 1812: its owner, Britain, fought the Americans to a standstill, and that while Britain was mainly occupied with Napoleon. If the Canadians did not invade the US, it's because there hardly were any Canadians back then-- and the British, again, had more serious concerns closer to home.

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o2u,

You want an example of a government that has successfully stood against the land hunger of its citizens. It's not very hard and you don't have to look far. It's also a good example of libertine's point about moral advancement which he made in his post of September 2, 2008 12:11 AM. First example, after the Indian Territory land rush, the US has been quite good about letting American Indians retain their reservation lands even if there is oil, uranium, or coal underneath them. Second example, the US National Park and National Forest systems. To build on libertine's point our government went from warring against natives to protecting them. Further building on libertine's point, there was no such concept as environmentalism 200 years ago, but there is now and both governments at all levels and citizen organizations successfully preserve land now.

@ zeno2vonnegut


Yes. It might be possible to limit our growth by voluntary means. If it weren't these conversations would be pointless.


But let's be clear about what actually happened and is happening.


Indians were allowed to keep lands thought to be worthless, only later were valuable minerals discovered on them. Some Indians have been able to profit from exploitation of these resources, some not. It is much harder for the Indians to prevent such exploitation and virtually impossible for them to resuscitate their original way of life. Those Indians who've been willing and able to successfully integrate into modern American society are treated like all others. Those who haven't are treated like shit, although government attitudes have improved since the days of corrupt Indian agents.


The National Park System is a miracle...but it came under pressure almost at the time of its establishment (San Francisco got its water) and those pressures have steadily increased as population has grown. If that growth doesn't stop it will certainly fail, even if the legal fiction of its existence continues long after.


On the larger stage, hope is offered by a declining rate of population growth worldwide but people are still decimating the environment at an alarming, and ever increasing, rate.

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o2u,

Thank you for avoiding insults. For that consideration, I responded to your substantive remarks.

But to mirror you, let's be clear about what actually happened and is happening. I gave you 2 examples of land preservation which have affected large areas for over a century. Then you kvetch that Indians have been taken advantage of in some deals and speculate that the NPS may not survive another century. Look, sometimes you win and sometimes you lose. Cut your losses and be gracious.

@ zeno2vonnegut


The great forces of greed and hunger pushed the Indians to the periphery and temporarily ignored the most high and rugged mountains as they rushed on to more profitable and less well defended places...and you want to see that as a great moral victory. I can't join you.

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You asked for 1 example of land protection. I gave you two. You lost. Your thinking is not so disorganized that you can fail to see that you are trying to exchange basketball hoops now for the goalposts you asked for. Loser.

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o2u,

Allow me take back the loser, but you have found something that does irritate me. To use a business analogy, you ordered a dishwasher, which I delivered, and you refuse to pay for, saying that you wanted a giraffe. Dishonesty irritates me.

@ zeno2vonnegut


I tried reason with John and it didn't work. I'll now try it with you. Look carefully through this thread. Who is it who started the insult wars? Who is it who started posting completely off-topic, content free irritants? Who is it who really responds to opponents posts with insults? You're apology just doesn't cut it. Real opposition is always going to be irritating and difficult to deal with.


While it is always nice to win an argument the point of these conversations is to learn something. I did not respond to you in the way I did because I wanted to win. I did so because I think that way.


If you review the posts you'll see that my initial request to Newman included the caveat "try to be honest and not cite a government which succeeded only for a few years or in an isolated mountainous community". It doesn't perfectly describe what is was getting at but, if you approach it with an open mind, it's not bad. Later I tried again to clarify with an evolutionary explanation; men are like other animals in that they expand to the limits of the capacity of the environment to support them.


We have not yet demonstrated a capacity to curb this impulse. We are trying - as I acknowledged in my first reply to you - but your examples are very far from demonstrating success, as I stated concisely in my second reply...and as is amply evident in humanity's continued population growth, continued environmental despoilation, and the centrality of American business and capital in the whole process.


I don't think I've done such a bad job in explaining myself prior to this to warrant the kind of response elicited from you, John and others. I conclude therefore, that it is you others rather than I, who have the problems you so ungraciously continue to attribute to me.

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offensivetoyou,

regarding attacks and insults; you can point to whatever you want, you can dissemble, you can hide, but you can't escape your History of posting here.

As to my attacks on you, I have confidence in saying I only take you to task AFTER you have viciouosly attacked another. As a matter of fact, I think the only time I address you is to take you to task for your viciousness.

I think the only insult? I ever threw at you was my opinion when I said; with your uncalled for insults and attacks on other posters you are the most ruthless, vicious person I have ever seen online.

I stand by that opinion.

@ John


Review this thread, John. THIS ONE. It supports my interpretation, not yours. There's no use trying to review all the threads. It can't be done.

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Thia thread supports your interpretation in your mind -- and in your mind alone. It begins with your request: "I didn't say individuals couldn't stand against the "supposed" land hunger of the people. I said no government could stand against it. Show me one that did...anywhere on earth. Try to be honest and not cite a government which was successful for a few years or an isolated, mountainous community which has not yet been overrun."

As far as I am concerned, the thread ended with my providing 2 examples which are as plain as the nose on your face. But you can't lose. You are too brilliant. So you then become dishonest. I didn't call you a liar, because you were not saying something you knew to be false. I called you dishonest because you are dishonest to yourself as well as this community. Others have pointed out your "pivots".

@zeno2vonnegut


First. You're off topic. My response to John dealt with bad behavior, not substantive differences.


Second. On the issue you raise. The subject of this thread, stated most broadly, is whether governments could successfully prevent land development when faced with growing populations and, less broadly, whether weaker populations can be protected from the land hunger of stronger ones.


The issue is NOT me and whether or not I correctly, concisely, or adequately stated my positions in my various attempts to do so, or have done so now. These things are never easy to do.


I stand by my responses and I say that your last post reveals everything about you.

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Dishonest.

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I did as you asked, I reviewed this thread.

You have no case regarding me. It is as it is, I take you to task for your insults and its just about the only time I address your posts.

Go here.

:http://tpmcafe.talkingpointsmemo.com/2008/09/01/legacy_of_mythological_patriot/#comments

You're the first one to post there, here's your last line;

"It turns out you're not a serious scholar. You're just another leftie America hater."

You initiated a completely uncalled for vicious insult. Why? Why did you need to do that?

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the above post is to offensivetoyou.

@ JohnW1141


I could continue this but it is pointless. I've clearly reached a point where I can no longer communicate with either you or zeno2vonnegut. Maybe you're right. Maybe not.

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Please don't go away. You're amuse me.

Faroff -
For the record, I am a white native of eastern Oklahoma, which is a bit of a border state. I grew up under Jim Crow and attended segregated schools for the first six years. I also lived for 12 years in Chicago, which is unquestionably one of the most racist places I have ever been. I like many things about the south and southerners, but we need to recognize some of the dark side of southern history.

During the late colonial and early republic periods of US history, the South was at the forefront of efforts to dispossess or exterminate the Indians. In the 17th century, it was Virginia and New England. During the French and Indian War the American colonists decimated tribes in the Midwest. In the 1870s the scene of the crime moves on to the Great Plains. The most systematic effort to exterminate the Indians occurred in California during the Gold Rush during which whole tribes were exterminated. Not just English settlers and their descendants committed such acts, but also the Spanish in the Southwest and in California in the late 1700s-early 1800s. The French attempted the genocide of the Natchez in Louisianna & Mississippi, as well as the Meskwaki (Fox) in the Midwest. Nobody is picking on the South here, but the events we are discussing took place in there and Southerners drove these events.

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DrDick,

Many Americans like to hide from certain parts of our History.

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OTY said...

My view is that we are just like all other species; we fill every niche to capacity.

So that makes what happened, as recently as the 1940's, in the Southern Gulags acceptable somehow? That humans are not any more morally advanced or different than other species of animal on this orb? Nawwww...that dog don't hunt.

@ libertine


Either you accept the theory of evolution...or you don't. Humans have been prattling about morality forever...and behaving like beasts all the while.

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I accept evolution OTY...I think species evolve and become more advanced. But I don't think it is human nature to exploit to the point of killing. I am not saying there aren't individuals capable of doing that, and history is littered with those examples and individuals who are predisposed to do so often end up in positions of power, but that being so doesn't make it 'inevitable' by our nature.

@ libertine


They don't evolve much in the time period we're considering so, unless you want to postulate some new evolutionary mechanisms (as others have - not very successfully done) we're the same as we were 40 or 50 thousand years ago.


Meanwhile, something like 3,500 square MILES of Amazonia have been deforested in the last year.

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Yet more stupidity and ignorance from o2u. Besides biological evolution, humans also have social and intellectual evolution which operate at time scales of a few years to a few centuries. We write books. Some of us read them. We talk to each other, we listen, we learn. Of course some people just talk @, @, @.

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Stupidity and ignorance to believe that morality and evolution are in opposition. Humans have evolved as social species. Moral systems begin as idealizations of social behaviors, but depending on one's philosophical bent, may be transcendant or merely practical.

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Sheesh, transcendent not transcendant. My spelling is getting as bad as o2u's.

@ zeno


But you're thinking is much, much worse. Stick to psychobabble. At least it's amusing.

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For pete's sake, "your" not "you're". Are grammar and spelling beneath your coruscating intelligence?

@ zeno


You're as low as they come, zeno.

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It's superfluous to use the @ convention in nested comments.

@ zeno


That something your mommy told you? What's the matter with you? Complaints about this system are rampant. It's had problems for months, if not years. And then there are the drawbacks inherent in the design which are NOT friendly to human error. The additional guide afforded by the @ has proved useful, in my judgment, so I'll continue to use it. I've never recommended it to you or anyone else, nor have I asked for your advice.


You are one of the worst pricks I've every encountered...and that's saying something, considering the abrasive nature of my own personality and my unusually wide range of experience.

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o2u,

The @ convention is valuable in linear comment systems where the @ stands out to signal that the current comment is a response to an earlier comment. You don't need it in a nested comment system. I don't know where the rampant complaints are that you keep waving around. I'm sure you persist in using the unnecessary @ because of the hostile connotation of "AT YOU."

I see I've graduated from schmuck and weenie to prick. Your insults reveal quite a bit about you, but are ineffective because you lack the empathy to understand others.

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zeno said:

I see I've graduated from schmuck and weenie to prick. Your insults reveal quite a bit about you, but are ineffective because you lack the empathy to understand others.

zeno, I'm following this back and forth between you and OTY and it fits his pattern;

his insults increase in venom in direct proportion to how much you're aggravating him
with more intellectual posts.

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JohnW1141,

I hope that I have not been too disruptive in the short term. In the long term, I would like o2u to refrain from high school taunts; it harms both him and the Cafe.

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Vlad,

You waste a great deal of time simply being oppositional and contrarian when you could contribute much more positively. I often wonder when, exactly, did you determine you had the answer to every question and that it was no longer necessary for you to engage in inquiry?

It isn't that your points are always invalid because they are not always invalid, it's just that you deliver them in such a childish way and your position is always very 2 dimensional and fatalistic. It's sort of reminscent of the stunted morality of Ayn Rand who is like a bright adolscent unable to detect or interpret the myriad of nuance and complications life necessarily offers.

You could loosen up a bit, be more intellectually curious and less insulting (or put another way: courteous) for the sake of it. It would help alot and it would certainly improve the level of discourse. It would also cut down on the pointless shots taken at you and that you take at others regularly and for no good reason.

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oleeb,

excellent suggestion, the trouble is, wherever OTY posts on TPM he lights the fuse that starts the insult war. Take note of other Columnists offerings here, if OTY is absent, its mostly civil, if he's there....well. He's incindiary. The uncalled for insults he throws at MJ Rosenberg in particular are absolutely horrid.

@ oleeb


Look carefully at this thread.


In my first post I was sharp with Dr. Dick but right on point. I challenged his interpretation of English/American/Indian history with 3 questions. Obiwankanobi responded with an ambiguous, non-substantive comment which I ignored. My second post was an absolutely spot-on response to Nathan. This time Obiwankanobi responded with an insult and I gave him what he deserved. Zeno2vonnegut and JohnW1141 (who by now I call the 2 yappers and and other things) then jumped in with completely irrelevant insults, provocations and psychobabble.


So where do you get off accusing me of anything?


You follow with your own psychobabble and then get very bad indeed. I should be the intellectually curious one? I'm posting on a site known to be antithetical to my views, taking multiple challenges at every post, where even the dumbest responses to my comments are cheered on as brilliant, and you say that?


Your conclusion is much better, asking me to be courteous for the sake of it.


Sorry, honey, I'm no saint. Quite the contrary. By nature, I'm a very abrasive, combatitive character...so I'll take your plea under advisement but don't expect too much.

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You certainly got the last word in that conversation with Oleeb. Was it your brilliance? Your greater knowledge of Amerindians than a lifelong scholar, Dr. Dick? Your swaggering? Your toughness? Why do you think Oleeb went away?

Thank you, Nathan, for a thoughtful and thought-provoking post. It's a pity this thread was highjacked by thoughtless agenda pushers ad hominem mongers.

Moral systems begin as idealizations of social behaviors, but depending on one's philosophical bent, may be transcendant or merely practical.

I vote 'practical'. Transcendant moral systems accrue just as many bodies to bury and sanctimonious bloviating.

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Curt,

I'm betwixt and between on this issue. A philosophy professor once lectured, "Even if we do not believe in free will, we must act as if it existed." So to steal his concept, I think even if we know that our moralities are (probably) not God-given, we must act as if they come from a higher authority. So no Inquisitions but also no logical positivism, no belief in our moral superiority but also no retreat to "economic man".

I think even if we know that our moralities are (probably) not God-given, we must act as if they come from a higher authority.

Why should/must we invent a fictional source of morality when morality clearly originates in the human mind?

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Well, I think we need to think of our moral principles as graven tablets, not whiteboards. I think we need to think of them usually, but not always, not as a matter of choice but as immutable internal law with an ever-vigilant monitor. And I think that is how most people view their morality -- unless it conflicts with something they really, really want to do :

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hoonoo,

For some reason a smiley face caused my previous reply to you to terminate, so here's the rest.

For the source of most folks' morality, I would point to parents and childhood socialization acting upon brain structures which have evolved to receive them. So most of us receive our morality, but do not create it ab initio.

I did not receive my ethics from my parents, so I disagree with that premise. But let's accept it for the sake of argument, and I'll rephrase my question:

Why should/must we invent a fictional source of morality when morality clearly originates in the individual's parent?

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hoonoo,
I don't think I said we need to invent a fictional authority. I think I said we need to act as if one exists. Situational ethics leads to Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo.

Everything you do and everything everyone does is based on what fundamentalists like to call "situational ethics." All ethics depend on the circumstances. Is it wrong to steal? If so, then is it wrong to steal back something that was stolen from you? Situational ethics. Is it wrong to kill? If so, what about self-defense? Situational ethics. Is it wrong to cause pain to someone you love? If so, what about punishing your child? Situational ethics.

Situational ethics is a religious bugaboo. Those who are unburdened by religion simply use the term "ethics."

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hoonoo,

Apologies. I was replying to you but then I got distracted and wound up tacking the reply onto o2u's Sep3, 1137 post.

@ zeno2vonnegut


This all sounds like bloviating, like religion (barely) disguised...because that's what it is.


Each man must make his own decisions about what is moral. In a diverse society, comprising many different traditions that's pretty close to what actually happens (although most are not brave enough to stray far from what they picked up at home and school and the general pressures of conformity).


The society then arrives at a generally applicable morality called the law. It's real nature was best described by Charles Evans Hughes (I think that was the guy who TR appointed as Chief Justice) when he said the law (specifically the Constitution) is whatever each generation says it is.


While it's true that there are some principles which seem to apply to all societies everywhere at all times they are not yet well enough understood to be useful, except to scholars.

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o2u,

You raise several points. I'll try to respond to as many of them as time allows, but your first sentence is gratuitous disparagement. Why piss on a conversation you want to join?

Yes, each person has their own morality. but I would say that it because we have evolved as a social animal that most members of a community share values. Not because we are afraid to differ, but because we enjoy integration with our fellows. Japanese social mores are very different from American mores are very different from Latin American mores, but are consistent within a culture.

Yes, some must stand outside the community and invariably whether saints or knaves believe that they are standing above their fellows. My own joking motto is: "Don't get mad; just get odd."

As someone who can note connotational distinctions between superfluous and redundant (as a microprocessor architect, I understand its technical use), you might want to explain how you distinguish legal, ethical, and moral.

I doubt that you are correctly quoting Hughes, but if you'll cite something in context, I'll just state that I think the Constitution should evolve glacially, not generationally.

@ zeno2vonnegut


It was Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. You can find a verbose statement of his ideas Here. I've seen a pithy summation somewhere but I couldn't find it.


I'm sorry but I haven't had much occasion to distinguish ethics from the other two.


What makes modern American morality so different from older versions is that it represents an amalgam of so many others. How is that done? How does each individual make his choices as he attains adulthood? How does the society?


And then there's the worldwide influence of modern technology which has forced so many people to enter a world for which they are totally unprepared, and which has so accelerated the pace of change in every area of human endeavor.


I'm too old to participate, or even understand, most of it but I can watch.

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So not Hughes but Holmes.

From Holmes's long article: "One of the many evil effects of the confusion between legal and moral ideas...." By your refusal, claiming incapacity, to disambiguate law, ethics, and morals, you are repudiating this view of Holmes which is fundamental to his definition of law. Tsk, tsk.

Here is Holmes definition of the law. "The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law." Holmes was a conservative justice, believing in accretion of detail to make prophecy more certain, but not overturning of precedent which would make prophecy less certain. Yes, in discussing the law of contracts, he stipulated that the language in the contract must be interpreted as it was understood when written, but that's not the same thing as saying that the law is defined anew with each generation.

I think you need to reread the article, but I thank you for pointing me to it. I've now put more effort into my post than you did into yours. The effort/reward ratio is too unfavorable. Over and out.

@ zen2vonnegut


The reports of a given jurisdiction in the course of a generation take up pretty much the whole body of the law, and restate it from the present point of view... The use of the earlier reports is mainly historical, a use about which I shall have something to say before I have finished.

This is the phrase I was referring to. Perhaps I should have pointed to it in my earlier post but I was tired. For the same reason I was unwilling to try to track down his amplification, traces of which remain in my memory.


There was not a trace of insult in my previous post. It was the straight stuff. So now let us discuss your response;


The intent of your first sentence is ambiguous but it could easily be interpreted as snobby irritation at my mistake. Your previous posts and subsequent comments reinforce that impression. But reread me post and you find that I was unsure it was Hughes and said so.


Your second paragraph is far, far worse. I never REFUSED to disambiguate. I said I'd simply never done so. It is you who choose to call me a liar...and I never said I agreed or disagreed with Holmes interpretation of law or morality, let alone your intepretation of what he said. I claimed he said that each generation came to its own conclusion about those things. You conclude with an the absolutely unambiguous put down "Tsk, tsk, tsk."


You're a prick. To the core. That's all there is to it. And no amount of therapy can cure you.

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Mirror, mirror on the wall ....

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Ahh, but the question is; Is he a BIG pr**k, or a little pr**k?

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JohnW,

Big prick is OK, but I prefer dickhead.

@ zeno2vonnegut


Here's another one

Such matters really are battle grounds where the means do not exist for the determinations that shall be good for all time, and where the decision can do no more than embody the preference of a given body in a given time and place. We do not realize how large a part of our law is open to reconsideration upon a slight change in the habit of the public mind. No concrete proposition is self evident, no matter how ready we may be to accept it, not even Mr. Herbert Spencer's "Every man has a right to do what he wills, provided he interferes not with a like right on the part of his neighbors."

On and on like that. What Holmes is saying is the much of the law is simply tradition or history, often useless and irrelevant or inapplicable to present conditions. One doesn't have to be a genius to see where these thoughts lead.


But one does have to be willing to read what he says....and you didn't do that, did you? You found a precis somewhere which accorded with your prejudice and then pretended it was your own, enabling you to speak down to me.


What my conversation with you has taught me is that the weak will do almost anything rather than admit their condition, to others and, far more importantly, to themselves. For that I thank you.

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hoonoo,

I am an agnostic, although reared as mongrel Protestant. The largest portion of my morality came from my parents and is consistent with Luther/Presber/palianism and is definitely not fundamentalist.

My father was an Army officer. An NCO stole a good watch from him. My father found the thief who wanted to apologize and return the watch. My father refused and ordered him to wear the watch every day, everywhere. Stealing something back doesn't punish the thief and potentially exposes yourself to arrest. One sees this on the football field, where the retaliating player is the one who's caught.

Yeah, self-defense is permitted, but it is also expressly recognized in law. Corporal punishment for children is rarely or never justified.

That aside, it may be be that my understanding of situational ethics is flawed. My understanding is that if I believed an action to be immoral, but was placed in a situation (perhaps someone wrongs me) where the immoral action would be very satisfying to me, then if I violate my morals, I have succumbed to situational ethics.

I tried 3 times yesterday to follow-up to you, because I was curious about your statement that you didn't receive your ethics from your parents. You certainly needn't reply if this request is intrusive.

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o2u,

I was going to chide you for regressing on your progress on using nested comments, and then I make a mistake. How embarrassing.

So try this on. You're confusion over homonyms shows that your not trying very hard. Take a firm grasp on the matter at hand and remember you're love life is you're own affair.

Cheers

@ zeno2vonnegut


I've already complimented you (sincerely) on your wit.

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zeno said;

So try this on. You're confusion over homonyms...

Well I for one can tell a gay just by looking at him!

zeno, you aren't addressing the issues I raised. I was discussing ethical considerations, your replies dealt with pragmatic and legal issues.

My point is simply that ethics ALWAYS depends on the circumstances. To make it even simpler: Flipping on a light switch is normally ethical, but not if your roommate is wiring the fixture at the time.

Abu Gharab and Guantanamo Bay are not the result of "situational" ethics. They are the result of an absence of ethics.

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You're right on situational ethics. I thought it was what Rumsfeld practiced, but I see that in the Wikipedia the term was invented by a Christian moralist who uses it in much the same sense as you do. Am I the only one abusing the term or is this devolving like "moot" or "problematic"?

IM(NS)HO, the whole concept of "situational ethics" is an abuse of language, as you probably picked up from my earlier comments. It was invented by religious zealots as a derisive term to justify rigid, dogmatic control of behavior of the faithful.

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We're not going to be able to agree on this one; our moral systems seem too different.

But I am sincerely grateful that you straightened me out on my misuse of the term.

Thanks again

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Episcopalian zealot? Is that like a Unitarian riot? :-)

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