The Non-Inevitability of Evil
One key strategy for excusing evil and evil in American's history specifically is to treat it as an "unfortunate" inevitability, something to have sorrow over but nothing that could have reasonably been avoided-- so there is no point in making a moral judgment or seeing parallels with moral choices made in the present. In comments, offensivetoyou makes this argument in regard to genocide against Native Americans:
no government could stand against the land hunger of the people. ALL the people...Nor do you deal with the issue of disease, or of the impossibility of coexistance of two very different cultures, a problem which has existed all the time and everywhere.Yet, of course, many contemporaries at the time DID stand against the supposed land hunger of the people.
Daniel Walker Howe's What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 (which I happen to be in the middle of reading) deals with this fight indepth. And even with the enthusiastic, not reluctant, support of President Andrew Jackson, the Indian Removal Bill just barely passed the House in 1830, 102 votes to 97. Many opposed it on principle-- see Davy Crockett, then a Tennessee Congressman, who called the bill "oppression with a vengeance." Others more pragmatically opposed the cost of what would end up being a series of wars costing the equivalent of billions of dollars.
But the vote was close and was no more inevitable than an Iraq War based on "oil hunger" that many opposed on principle. But the idea of historic inevitability and manifest destiny in the past is still invoked to try to silence critics of US imperialism today, who argue that the "national greatness" of the past, base on those non-inevitable evil decisions, is threatened by dissent today.
So arguing that past genocide or US slavery was "inevitable" is merely an updated way to forget the wrong moral choices of the past, as if there were no choices, just inevtiable acts that are to be regretted but really can't be condemned since how can you condemn inevitability?
Forgetting the past does come in many forms.


We are certainly the United States of Amnesia. Great rebuttal.
September 1, 2008 6:51 PM | Reply | Permalink
But then, Americans had help from the best (Harvard) and the brightest (Columbia)!
From a widely used 1940s - 1950s textbook not revised until 1962:
Morrison & Commager, The Growth of the American RepublicSeptember 1, 2008 10:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
This is why, to me, every civil rights and liberties vote is vitally important. It's why I'm an extremist on such issues. Because if they say expand the government's FISA powers by a slim margin today it becomes "Well, we did that 10 years ago and there was no problem." If one state narrowly passes an anti-same sex marriage amendment to its constitution it becomes a fact of life and how close the argument was doesn't seem to matter.
I actually think that offensivetoyou is more willing to admit the inherent evil within the human spirit than most of us here (including me) and I find OTY's comments useful for that reason. But Nathan has a great point here -- once something happens the story of how it happened and why is often rewritten and the further away we get form things the more inevitable they seem in hindsight.
September 1, 2008 6:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'm happy to admit the inherent evil within the human spirit--it's my Christian belief in original sin at work there.
But in my experience, conservatives say they have this realistic view of human evil, but in practice they employ the normal double standard in judging atrocities. Our enemies are totally evil in every way--their beliefs are wrong, their cause is wrong and if you try to understand their pov, it's because you're a moral relativist. Westerners, on the other hand, are complex, not totally evil, and there are shades of gray involved and anyway, the people killed or oppressed by the West really weren't any better--they just had less power. It's silly to romanticize victims.
I agree with the nuanced approach, but conservatives only employ nuance when necessary to downplay Western crimes. There's no nuance in their accounts of, say, Islamic terrorism and this concern over the romanticization of victims only comes up when the victims are non-Westerners.
September 1, 2008 7:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
Eric FLINT's The Rivers of War and The Arkansas War present an entirely credible, if counterfactual, history of the period of pre-Civil War expansion and preserving, rather than ending, the always controversial slave system.
September 1, 2008 7:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
Right you are Nathan and well said!
There have always been people who have opposed the barbarism and savagery that some Americans have demanded. Sadly, they rarely win, not becuase the majority necessarily are for the barbarism, but like in the case of the Iraq War there are so many who are silent and turn their heads the other way instead of standing up to forcefully oppose evil.
Had just a handful of Democrats in the United States Senate had the courage of their convictions and had those handful of Senators simply one what they knew was right and vote against that war we would be so much better off today it isn't even funny. Whatever might even theoretically have been gained from our naked attempt to grab Iraq's oil, it pales in comparison to the exceedingly high price we have paid already and will pay for many years to come as a result of our decision to force imperial ambition on a foreign land. Anyone with a lick of sense could see this was the case, but by a handful of votes, evil once again prevailed.
September 1, 2008 7:22 PM | Reply | Permalink
Well said.
September 1, 2008 7:56 PM | Reply | Permalink
As an anthropologist and ethnohistorian speicalizing in Indians of the Southeastern US, I can state unequivocally that the displacement of the Native peoples was not inevitable, but the consequence of specific political acts. Following the French and Indian/Seven Years War, the British crown issued the Proclamation of 1763 (started by colonists establishing illegal settlements on Indian lands in violation of British treaties), prohibiting white settlement west of the crest of the Appalachian Mountains and severely limiting intercourse with the Indians by British subjects. Washington and other early leaders largely maintained these policies in an effort to keep the peace with the Indians. It is only with the ascendancy of Andrew Jackson, who largely represented the interests of southern and western land speculators, that displacement became inevitable and then only to further the interests and profits of the speculators. The discovery of gold in the Cherokee Nation in what is now northern Georgia sped up this process. Again it is primarily Southern agrarian elites who pushed these atrocities.
September 1, 2008 8:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
DrDick,
excellent post. Hang around, your expertise is valued.
September 1, 2008 9:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
@ Dr. Dick
You're an expert? Hasn't it occured to you that speculators don't speculate unless there's demand for whatever it is they're buying and selling? That countries don't colonize unless they can find people willing to move to the colonies?
September 1, 2008 10:46 PM | Reply | Permalink
Dude,
I never thought of that!
You are awesome!
September 1, 2008 11:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
Does that include penal colonies like Australia and the Carolinas?
September 2, 2008 2:48 AM | Reply | Permalink
ZoC,
Very sharp point.
Z2V
September 2, 2008 2:56 AM | Reply | Permalink
@ Zeno_of_Citium
Well, think about it. Penal colonies are quite similar in concept to isolated prisons like Alcatraz. So why is Alcatraz a museum while Australia is a country and the Carolinas states?
For me, the answer is simple; the latter can support large populations...and they would have whether or not the initial European settlements were forced or free. I don't know what the English intentions were when they established those colonies but, since they weren't fools, they probably had a good idea about what would eventually happen.
September 2, 2008 10:20 AM | Reply | Permalink
Never under rate the role that lust for money has played in American history, if not in world history. The invasion of Iraq was a money driven decision, for example. We have spent something like a trillion dollars on the Iraq invasion so far, and the majority of that money went to Americans. The price the country paid in order to sate the lust for money by Republicans, primarily, has so far been 4000 or so American lives, tens of thousands of ruined American lives, and hundreds of thousands of Iraqi lives. It is amazing what people will do and how they will rationalize that lust for money.
September 1, 2008 8:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
Never under rate the role that lust for money has played in American history, if not in world history. The invasion of Iraq was a money driven decision, for example. We have spent something like a trillion dollars on the Iraq invasion so far, and the majority of that money went to Americans. The price the country paid in order to sate the lust for money by Republicans, primarily, has so far been 4000 or so American lives, tens of thousands of ruined American lives, and hundreds of thousands of Iraqi lives. It is amazing what people will do and how they will rationalize that lust for money.
September 1, 2008 9:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
hoppy,
that post was so good I'm not surprised you posted it twice.
September 2, 2008 8:30 AM | Reply | Permalink
I have noticed several digs at Southerners on TPM recently, including this post. Well, I am not a native Southerner, but I have lived there, and I have lived elsewhere in this great country. Let me spin you my opinion. Southerners, at least today, are much nicer and gentler people than are the people who live on either coast. They are much more honest too. And, black people are treated much more equal in the South than they are in Chicago, Philadelphia or New York. You want to talk about predudice? I lived in Phoenix for awhile, and there they treat the Indians sub-human. Southerners greatest fault, is that they are probably more easily led by the bad apples. New Yawkers, in contrast, cannot be led by anyone, except maybe a Pied Piper dropping hundred dollar bills behind him.
September 1, 2008 10:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
Odd, this was not a post about Southerners but about a national decision to commit ethnic cleansing against Native Americans. The main southerner quoted was Davy Crockett, a Tennesseean who opposed the decision.
But this sectional breastbeating of southern oppression is another example of ways memory is diverted. So many ways to ignore or distract from the past -- here is another example.
September 1, 2008 10:11 PM | Reply | Permalink
Hey Nate, not trying to divert your theme, just pointing out that TPM's contributors are often predudiced against Southerners, and frankly, that predudice is thinly disquised, and it is hypocritical. What is the purpose of your focus upon 150 year old history? I think you are trying to dig the South of today. Let me guess. You don't like their politics?
September 1, 2008 10:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
150 year old history? The post that sparked all of this recounts how African-Americans living in the south were forced to work as de facto slaves well into the 1940's. And I dare say that some people engaged in this practice are still alive today along with their beliefs.
Say what you will about people here 'dumping on the south' but this isn't about ancient history. Nobody said the north was without blame. In fact as a country everybody was to blame. African-Americans in the north were shunted into ghettos are systematically held down and to some extent still are...but in the north African-Americans were not beaten, lynched and killed, as part of what amounted to slave labor, well into the 1940's like they were in parts of the south.
September 1, 2008 10:46 PM | Reply | Permalink
As noted, the point is history that is within the lifetime of living people.
But please note that I emphasized that the slavery involved not just southern institutions but northern ones as well, like US Steel, led by Northerners, who were for a while the largest users of the Alabama slave convict system. I actually went out of my way-- as did Blackmon -- to emphasize that the problem was not merely a southern one, even if that was the physical location of the convict slave systems he was examining.
September 1, 2008 11:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Faroff,
Have you actually read any of this stuff?
If I didn't know better, I'd say you were almost parodying the very mindset Nathan is rightly pointing out and decrying.
September 2, 2008 2:36 AM | Reply | Permalink
@ Newman
I didn't say individuals couldn't stand against the "supposed" land hunger of the people. I said no government could stand against it. Show me one that did...anywhere on earth. Try to be honest and not cite a government which was successful for a few years or an isolated, mountainous community which has not yet been overrun.
September 1, 2008 10:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
I can't believe they responded to you on this blog.
You are such a troll.
September 1, 2008 11:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
@ obiwankenobi
At least their responses are substantive. You're an obvious lame-brained twit.
September 1, 2008 11:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
Wow!
September 1, 2008 11:26 PM | Reply | Permalink
obi,
I guess he told you!
September 2, 2008 8:35 AM | Reply | Permalink
Wow!
September 1, 2008 11:27 PM | Reply | Permalink
@ obiwankenobi
Nothing substantive. Just an empty head and a big mouth.
September 1, 2008 11:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:[1]
1. has a grandiose sense of self-importance -- CHECK
2. is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love -- NOT YET DEMONSTRATED
3. believes that he or she is "special" and unique -- CHECK
4. requires excessive admiration -- CHECK
5. has a sense of entitlement -- CHECK
6. is interpersonally exploitative -- NOT APPLICABLE IN THIS CONTEXT
7. lacks empathy -- CHECK
8. is often envious of others or believes others are envious of him or her -- NOT YET DEMONSTRATED
9. shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes -- CHECK
September 2, 2008 12:40 AM | Reply | Permalink
@ zeno
I see I've got two yappers following me around. I think, at one time, I had three. Wonder if I'm losing my powers.
September 2, 2008 12:59 AM | Reply | Permalink
Which of the evaluations do you disagree with?
September 2, 2008 1:05 AM | Reply | Permalink
@ zeno
You're a really pathetic manipulator, zeno, like most babblers. The whole "discipline" is crap but trying to do it under the present circumstances, for the your purposes, is really awful.
If you don't like my arguments then refute them. If you don't like my manners then ignore me. Otherwise, fuck off.
September 2, 2008 1:19 AM | Reply | Permalink
It's superfluous to use the @ convention in nested comments.
September 2, 2008 1:27 AM | Reply | Permalink
offensivetoyou said:
The second "zeno" was superfluous.
September 2, 2008 3:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
People in the same room as OTY are there because they're following him around :-)
OTY, why do you follow me around as much as you do?
September 2, 2008 11:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
Obiwan, OTY really isn't a troll. If you debate OTY without going resorting to name calling you're pretty much guaranteed a serious response without ad hominems. OTY is the kind of conservative that a liberal around here can have fun debating.
Now... OTY asked for an example of a civilization that had it's government curb the expansive nature of its people. This is really tough. Most old cultures have tried to spread everywhere and have only been stopped by other cultures trying to spread everywhere. Indeed, my own view of foreign policy depends on that -- to do foreign policy well, you need to be able to tell the difference between another country on your borders and an aggressive power.
And that gives me a potential answer to OTY's question.
Canada? They won the war of 1812 but didn't drive further south and they have a problematic record with the natives there but it's better than the US record.
September 1, 2008 11:34 PM | Reply | Permalink
@ destor23
Here's the thing, destor, human population has been expanding across the globe for the last 60,000 years and exploding exponentially for the last 500. There's a bit of a chicken and egg problem, a question of causation. My view is that we are just like all other species; we fill every niche to capacity.
September 1, 2008 11:48 PM | Reply | Permalink