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Inequalities in status and money

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I don't want to get too far away from the topic of Clay's book - but the basic questions about inequality in status and income that we are talking about are important to his chosen themes. Two quick points in response to Julian.

First, I'm not actually making a materialist argument that everything reduces down to money. My original post, which spurred Clay to invite me to participate in this seminar, had a title riffing on a famous Max Weber essay which is all about how Karl Marx is wrong, and status distinctions can't be reduced down to material benefits. Good lefty that I am, I think that material forces are incredibly important, but they don't explain everything. Here, I'm relying on Bourdieu, who argues for a variety of different forms of 'capital' without saying that they can be reduced down to material benefits or to anything else (this causes some real problems for his theory, but since this is already sounding too much like a graduate seminar, I won't go into them here). So my argument doesn't really rely on everything depending on the cash nexus.

What may have caused some confusion is that I've written two posts pointing in different directions. One was my basic argument about how group relations are ridden with status hierarchies too. Here, the disagreement was with Will Wilkinson's claim that the proliferation of status groups gives us an escape hatch from Fred Hirsch and others' suggestions about the relationship between positional goods and happiness The other was my disagreement with Tim's suggestion that the inequalities we observe in Internet based social relations are a good analogy with the kinds of inequality we observe in the economy. But these arguments are taking on quite different claims and don't add up to a common argument that everything boils down to economics. I may also have made my argument sound more economistic than it is by using economic examples and metaphors - my reason for doing this was that people usually grasp the concept of economic capital more easily than cultural capital, social capital etc.

Second, when Julian says that

Whatever people with elite tastes are doing when they sneer at "low culture," I don't think (pace Henry) it's an attempt to get mass recognition of the value of one's favorite composer or artist. Often, it seems to be just the opposite: Think of the indie rock scenester who's heartbroken when the band he's been following since their first backyard gig is played on The OC.

I heartily agree! I obviously haven't been clear enough about what Bourdieu is arguing - he isn't saying that people want to get everyone else in the world to recognize their tastes as being good. Instead, he is arguing that taste is a kind of capital that can be used in an ongoing series of status struggles - and that like all forms of capital, its value is in part a function of its scarcity. The disconsolate hipster who has just seen Amon Tobin go triple-platinum is precisely analogous to the stockholder who has just seen the value of his shares diluted by a massive new offering. See further the sort-of-similar-argument I make about the political economy of Pitchfork reviews in this old post. I really recommend that Julian read Bourdieu's Distinction - from what I know of his tastes, I think he'd enjoy it. It's written deliberately to annoy its most likely readers - smug academics who think that they are ever so much more sophisticated than the vulgar herds.

More generally, I think that Clay's argument here may have some legs - we may expect that status distinctions may become looser, the further they are away from actual political power (or some other metric that allows one to figure out which group is losing and which group is winning). He is likely right that the Internet has led to a loosening of these distinctions among some groups - but I'd still hold to my original position that this is not leading to a disappearance of these distinctions. Also, Tim's last post points to some interesting open questions for both lefties and libertarians. New forms of social interaction on the Internet don't fit neatly into either standard libertarian market based choice accounts or standard social democratic state based accounts of how to manage society. Their sustainability over time is still an open question, but at the least, they're a fascinating experiment, which should be pushing people on both left and right to think more seriously about the sustainability of self managed communities. Which brings us around again, in a nice circle, to the themes of Clay's provocative, entertaining, and deeply thoughtful book.


8 Comments

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I'm having a terribly difficult time following these arguments (maybe others are, too?). And I think the reason is that the disputants are arguing about second order actions/activities.

What we all want is freedom to do as we wish when we wish -- an 8:00 a.m. tee time at Pebble Beach, a choice table at Spago, a return call from our Congressman, body guards to get us through the crowd, etc. If we have that freedom, we have status. And so very few of us do.

So, how do we keep our , our self-respect?

We retreat into groups where these sorts of freedom are either not noticed, not needed, or deprecated ("My dear, they are so nouveau; and the daughter? so jejune."). We restrict our community to our small town, to our church, to our WoW server and do our best not to notice what the people with real status are doing. They might as well be on Mars, we say.

But the freedom we want still eludes us.

But the freedom we want still eludes us.
Unless, perhaps, we achieve Buddha-like enlightenment, and find ourselves free of all wants ... in which case, we have everything we want. :-)
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Om!

Your friend,

Oedipa Maas

hmm.

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That is rather simplistic materialism. Buddhist jokes aside, pretty unenlightened POV you got Ellen.

Saying people only enjoy WOW or knitting or whatever because they can't all be rich, that's very superficial and easily proven false. Many would still knit, play WOW, or whatever even if rich. Many do. It's not mutually exclusive.

And while everyone finds activities they enjoy, not everyone is driven to be rich. Some even renounce wealth and choose to become aesthetics and seek out self gratification or the admiration of others in different ways. Frequently the rich, especially those who inherit wealth, don't appreciate it and feel poor because joy commonly the pursuit of something perceived to be scarce.

WOW, D&D, or even your typical heroic movie, creates a feeling of all players/viewers being above average through empathy with a heroic figure. That is a deliberate design goal.

Knitting or other non-competitive amateur arts, like dancing or whatnot, are about doing for the sake of it. Existential joy.

That you don't know this, and seem kind of tightly wound and often post on financial issues, kind of sad really. Reminiscent of unflattering sterotypes. Nouveau and jejune even.

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Rationalizations, all rationalizations -- the typical defensive reaction of those with low status ("Money can't buy you happiness" and all that jazz).

I'm afraid you're in denial, kozmik.

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It seems to me this is getting a bit "out there." Apples and oranges mixing Marxist theories on materialism and esteem one may have in knitting circles.

I don't really think Marx (or whoever) is including the esteem one may have for granny's knitted mittens under the definition of "materialism." Even debating that point seems rather sophomoric.

Back to earth for a moment.

The Constitution gives government the power to regulate commerce, for good reason. The treasury prints money as a service and also accepts the burden of resolving disputes arising thereof. Commerce (simplified) being an exchange of goods which ultimately can be quantified monetarily. For example, corporate entities may barter services without the exchange of money, but as they're essentially capital entities their services do have monetary value to shareholders, hence government may regulate it. That's simplified obviously, but the gist of it.

That's very different from regulating knitting or bartering of other services which do not involve money, or esteem in that community which is entirely ephemeral. Nor does the government accept any burden to resolve disputes arising thereof, such as whose knitting is more totally awesome.

However, should knitting enter into commerce and the realm of government regulation, for example via the patenting of a stitch (if that's possible?) or the sale of knitted goods, then that's a whole different matter.

But it's apples and oranges. This discussion is nibbling round the edges rather than getting to "core principles" so to speak.

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btw, there's nothing new about this. Only the medium has changed. The internet accelerates cultural evolution, it does not fundamentally alter it.

There's nothing fundamentally new about online knitting clubs compared with the art community and prestige therein, decades, centuries, or even millennium ago. It just takes a lot longer for movements to arise historically. It's just faster on the internet. While that may change people's desire for novelty to the extent it's a plastic trait, it's not otherwise that different.

This habit of appending the word "internet" to an ancient thing, and thereby claiming it's new and requiring discussion from IT experts... it's tiresome.

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