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On Obama and "Racial Justice"

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While we debate the impact that Obama's race has on his campaign, we should also ask ourselves: would his election make a difference for African Americans?

Consider this: the Department of Justice reports that African American incarceration rates are eight times higher than whites, and they are about three times than that for Latinos (see chart; note: pdf). This racial difference is hardly unique. The African American unemployment rate is now twice that for whites (with Latino unemployment in between black and white). But this is very old news--that's the same difference it was in 1964 when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act. And in their classic book, American Apartheid, Doug Massey and Nancy Denton reported the astonishing statistic that the wealthiest blacks had higher residential segregation rates than even the poorest Latinos.

Despite the piles of evidence that African Americans are uniquely disadvantaged, Obama's speech--brilliant though it was--was remarkable in that he basically equated the positions of all racial groups in America. He offered nothing special or targeted to this especially disadvantaged group. What's good for all is good for one.

And so we have our first serious black presidential candidate embroiled in a massive racial controversy--even though he is offering very little in the way of any targeted racial justice or controversial social policy. Though a President Obama would be a very significant event in American history, based on his race speech, his presidency appears to offer more symbolism than substance for African American inequality. That he generates so much controversy even though he is tightly hemmed in by the racial rules of American politics is the big racial story here.


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Skrentny Hemmed In Regarding Obama’s Impact

John Skrentny, a TPM Special Guest, argues that Obama’s contribution on race is “more symbolism than substance” and that the big story regarding Obama and Race is that “he generates so much controversy even though he is tightly hemmed in by the racial rules of American politics.” This is “wonkoidism,” my new word for somewhat soulless pundits who think only in terms of policies, political leverage, and other aspects of governmental and political machinery. Because Obama’s impact and intentions are, for lack of a better word, spiritual, Skrentny can’t help missing the point of Obama’s speech on race.

As so many people have implied, Obama’s empathy for large chunks of both sides of the racial divide in this country is transformative. It has power to unite. But to a wonkoid, empathy has no substance. Thus, Skrentny could reduce Obama’s speech to an equation of all racial groups, adding that he “offered nothing special or targeted to this especially disadvantaged group.” One smells the presence of the Clintonian charge that Obama is all talk, as if talk means nothing. I could side with Skrentny’s failure to point out Obama’s moving empathy for people if, like Bill Clinton, Obama had only offered an empty kind of empathy, as in, “I feel your pain.” But Obama gave us detailed positions of many people on both sides of the racial conflict, showing that he truly understood their plight from their points of view.

Of course, my attempts to focus on and elaborate the substance in Obama’s speech may still seem insubstantial. That may be because most people are not aware how influential empathy is in all relationships. It is the process that enables one to understand an opponent well enough to decisively compete or reconcile. Even some noted international relations experts are arguing for “deploying realistic empathy” in relations with all but the most crazed international opponents. The “targeted” policies Skrentny wants are the cart before the horse. They are what develop after the unity has been created by the kind of thoughtful discussion Obama is unusually capable of.

Hello preach,

"Because Obama’s impact and intentions are, for lack of a better word, spiritual, Skrentny can’t help missing the point of Obama’s speech on race."

I'm not suprised at your use of the word or term,
" spiritual", but I'm not sure what you are implying about Skrentny.

Obama does mostly "preach", but his motives are definately questionable. He wanted to be a "different" type of politician, but instead has become entrapped in his "fierce sense of urgency"

If you read his "historic" speech (as opposed to listening), you will discover that he offers absolutely noting new.

The buzz term is now "unity status"

Empathy won't change the statitics Skrentny cited. I believe Cosby said that lack of responsibility is the main problem. Hispanics seem to have a better understanding of that.


i also initially thought that obama would ignore the needs of african american people. he doesn't present himself as a racialized canditate and I never heard any platform planks aimed specifically at the black community.

...i was underwhelmed until i learned that he attended church under rev. wright and then heard his "race" speech. that's when i understood that he was interested in the "black experience," and not using his educational, or class privilege to be able to ignore those concerns like other politicians in this race.

but, the needs of black folk are the needs of americans and addressing the issues of poverty, inequality in education, financial and health care disparities, and policies that result in woefully [racially] disparate incarceration rates, will improve the functioning of our nation's institutions and benefit everyone in the long run.

"his race speech, his presidency appears to offer more symbolism than substance for African American inequality". Respectfully, I wholeheartedly disagree. If you take as a starting point that the role of government is to 'step in', 'take control' of "offer [something] special or targeted" then your argument is sound. If you imagine that the responsibility for substantive change lies with Obama, his potential presidency, or his speech then you are marginalizing the very people you purport to have concern for. Real change does indeed occur from the ground up. At the local rather than the global level. And for those active in the on-the-ground effort to bring about change, how open the power-holders at the top are to various efforts for change are does make a difference. Setting the tone for how we might understand and discuss race, racism and racial disparity does make a difference. I would offer as evidence this very forum for discussion. I have found it very fruitful to read through the diverse positions that are offered here. They would not have been offered had it not been for the speech - 'just' words. I think we are so bought into 'rampant individualism' as unassailable reality we forget the communal reality in which we live. That in any functioning community every participant has a role to play. I reject the notion that we look to one place to provide 'solutions' and are dismissive when those solutions are not offered. We ALL have a role to play - the grassroots worker providing much needed aid to prisoners and their families; the educators that seek to conscientize (one would hope) their students to structural realities, and the 'leader' who sets the course, the environment in which substantive change can happen. I believe that is what Snr Obama means by 'bottom up' and am amazed that so many people miss the distinction. Haven't we had enough years of top-down policy setting from both sides of the political spectrum to understand the profound limitations of that approach?

While we debate the impact that Obama's race has on his campaign, we should also ask ourselves: would his election make a difference for African Americans?


First he has to earn the Democratic nomination. Subsequently he has to win the General Election. If he clears these two hurdles, let's see what steps he takes. He didn't create these realities and already his critics are placing stubborn poverty and high incarceration rates among African Americans around his back. Again if he clears the two hurdles in front of him, he by himself isn't the silver bullet to shoot down the problems which have gathered together like a furious storm in the lives of black, Latino and some White Americans.

It will take constant agitation from the outside. I have already heard from some black Americans who support him, say that they will take it upon themselves to force him to address these issues. Being black (or black and white, if you wish) will not get him a free pass in some circles.

I forgot to add something I learned while volunteering one election cycle:

Tickle their feet with fire to see if they laugh or cry.

In essence Obama' speech was a response to a political challenge that was foreseen long ago; this challenge had more to do with Obama's skin color than his friend and minister, Rev. Wright.

In sum it is sheer non sense to believe Obama's concern for justice is based on race in any conceivable way. Justice as well as redress of standing grievances of any type is a matter of equitable and consistent application of law.

In the political realm prudent factual based judgment and a firm understanding of the common good are the essential factors that must guide the inherently fractious decision making processes.

Serious discourse does not need terms as "racial justice", "first serious black presidential candidate" and so on. As Obama has stated he is running for the Office of President of the United States, not the black President of the United States. This is more than semantics or merely descriptive!

Historically, the speech was pedestrian; he said nothing new and much of it is widely understood by many Americans, remember Katrina in 2005. The fact that these issues were plainly raised by a nationally recognized relatively novice politician was the real news; yes, he did not blink as some may have hoped.

Whatever the debate on Obama's speech may have been and to the extent that it can be measured, the news is he won!

Good points, progressives should be cautious to actually believe that a politician will do something to fix the problems of blacks in America.

Bill Clinton actually gave a very similar speech to Obama's after the Million Man March. But the fact is he didn't do shit for black people, and appointed assholes like Barry McCaffrey who made our perverse drug laws even worse.

Hopefully Obama will be different, the fact that he openly admits to using drugs lives me slightly optimistic. However, I wouldn't be surprised if he backs some "tough on crime" measures after a little criticism from the right.

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afu:
Overall the years of the Clinton presidency were not so bad for blacks. Look here for unemployment trends:
http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2006/01/black_and_white.html

I understand your focus on bad drug enforcement policy, but there are many other issues to consider. These employment statistics and may account, in part, for Bill's popularity among black Americans.

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...Department of Justice reports that African American incarceration rates are eight times higher than whites...

If that rate is closer to one to one among those that come from single parent fatherless homes, then what policy prescription would be in order?

The African-Americans I know do not think that Obama's election will instantly transform poverty and overincarceration in African-American and Latino/a communities. They know that Obama is a politician, and will face economic and political constraints on how much he can achieve, and that he will have to make tough calls in balancing competing priorities.

As one African-American Obama organizer told me, "Of course if he's President, Obama implement all the policies I would like to see. Once he's elected President, we'll have to hold his feet to the fire. The difference I see between him and Clinton is that I think he will listen to us."

Before becoming a politician, Obama spent his professional life working as a community organizer on Chicago's South Side. He knows about the hardships and injustice -- and also the collapse of communities and families -- that relegate low-income African-Americans into the seemingly permanent status of degraded outsiders in our justice system, economy, and society. So black people have every reason to believe that Obama's words about universality and racial justice are sincere, and that they will be accompanied by a willingness to listen and respond. That's something that other Democratic politicians in recent memory haven't really done. Republicans haven't even pretended to do it. That would be a real "change".

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