Global Inflation Scare
The lead in Merrill Lynch's Friday evening research report is that global inflation is going to be the surprise issue of 2008. They have three reasons. Commodity and money supply inflation is a global issue. Developing nations will export their local inflation to the US by allowing their currencies to appreciate dramatically. The effect on the developing world could be quite chaotic.
The current global expansion will come to an end when emerging market central banks decide to deal with this threat (of inflation) more aggressively. Watch out for aggressive policy tightening, civil unrest and capacity constraints. Capacity constraints could take the form of power blackouts, physical shortages, or more frequent interruption of production as a result of seemingly random events such as extreme weather.
The New York Times reports this morning that this is not some future dystopian scenario.
Food riots have erupted in recent months in Guinea, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Senegal, Uzbekistan and Yemen. But the moves by rice-exporting nations over the last two days — meant to ensure scarce supplies will meet domestic needs — drove prices on the world market even higher this week.
One more worry for Paulson and Bernanke.















Isn't inflation the obvious worry.
1) We are borrowing money to cover the Iraq war.
2)We borrow to cover the current accounts deficit.
3)The FED is printing money to bail out the banks in the current credit/liquidity crises.
This is putting more dollars into an economy that is not growing. What is the alternative to inflation?
March 29, 2008 1:22 AM | Reply | Permalink
The Fed is currently not printing money for the investment bank bailouts. This is not to say that they won't in the future.
As for myself, I think Bernanke is trying to balance the money supply increases (as a result of lowered rates, provided those lowered rates really do lead to more borrowing) against the decreases resulting from credit crunches. (When credit is no longer available and entities stop borrowing against their now-defunct credit lines, the money supplies corresponding to such borrowing stop increasing. As other loans are paid off, those supplies then decrease.)
March 29, 2008 2:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
Oops, that was supposed to be a reply to syvanen.
March 29, 2008 3:09 AM | Reply | Permalink
I guess I am confused about what the FED is doing. When they make money available to banks and investment houses, as they have been doing recently, where does the money come from? Are T bills being sold to provide the funds or are they pulling it out of the ether?
March 29, 2008 1:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
The Fed has stockpiles of different assets: cash, T-bills, "AAA rated securities", and so on. They can exchange one asset for another at the various "windows". Most of these are done electronically in "virtual" transactions of course, but the names date back to Ye Olden Daze when actual armored trucks went to actual physical locations and actual people lifted actual locked boxes and so on.
The Fed also has access to the real (actual!) physical printing presses that print money—by "money" I mean those things that say "Federal Reserve Note" and are called, e.g., "twenty dollar bills"—and hence can print up (and/or destroy) cash. But that's not what they have been doing with the bank rescues, at least not so far.
March 29, 2008 5:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
One more worry for Paulson and Bernanke.
Ridiculous!
Worldwide inflation -- were it to occur -- might "worry" Zhou Xiaochuan and Jean-Claude Trichet; it would hardly be a cause of worry to Paulson and Bernanke.
Bring it on!
March 29, 2008 7:09 AM | Reply | Permalink
Ellen- for your benefit I added a piecee from the NYT this morning on the food riots that are happening around the world. You are as smug as GWB when he said bring it on. The instability of much of the 2nd and 3rd world facing high inflation and civil unrest will eventually arrive at your privileged doorstep.
March 29, 2008 11:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
But will they come in sampans or dugouts? Inquiring minds want to know.
March 29, 2008 11:52 AM | Reply | Permalink
Ellen- You don't get it. Second world leaders are not going to stand by while their people riot. They will export the inflation to the US, by rapid currency appreciation, because they manufacture those running shoes you wear on Saturdays along with much else we buy at the mall.
March 29, 2008 12:17 PM | Reply | Permalink
pssst! Jon! I think Ellen is being sarcastic!
March 29, 2008 3:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
Sarcastic, but serious.
March 29, 2008 9:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
ct, you'd have to admit thats a trickly lil problem that he has to balance. When the investment banks were allowed to go to the fed window last week one wonders how much vetting of those actual "assets" the fed did in order to give them credit. Its pretty scary to think about given Bear.
That tightening of supply will have to be at least a year off before we can begin to make real headwind against the economic slowdown. And next year is probably being generous.
March 29, 2008 9:59 AM | Reply | Permalink
American inflation may be an issue (the price of gas certainly will, but that most likley will be described as the result of sopeculation and the Middle East not inflation.)
Global inflation will not be an issue, for much the same reason global anything (with the very partial exception of global warming) never becomes an issue in American politics. People will look at whatever woes beset Africa, China or even Mexico and shrug, thinking "well, too bad for those people, but it's not our problem." In the case of China some people may even smirk about the trouble and figure "they" deserve it.
March 29, 2008 12:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
I remember that WWI all started from an assassination in an obscure little province somewhere in a podunk Balkan country in a little town that no one really cares about. Seems to me big events in history often start in small remote corners of the world over minor and petty issues and indifferences of one class to another.
As long as it is petty, we have nothing to worry about ... all problems start locally and stay that way as long as it doesn't grow legs and wings. It's those legs and wings I would be worried about.
Remember, the crash of 1929 was just one of many financial hiccup of that era until a bank, The Bank of the Americas (I believe) didn't have enough cash on hand to pay out to depositors wanting to withdraw their money. It caused a global panic cause some people, outside the US, mistakenly "thought" it was the US Treasury that couldn't meet its' obligations. That little event snowballed into the Great Depression.
Never underestimate people's rationale when it comes to fear, especially if it concerning losing something they value or treasure. Bu$h has mastered the technique in "his" war on terror..
March 29, 2008 2:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good catch. That rice story was a flashback to the 19th century, and the corn law controversy.
I suppose the question is - what if the economist's daydream - that science will always trump Malthus - isn't right?
Glibbertarians have long thought that the whole issue was solved by the infamous bet Jules Simon made with Paul Ehrlich - in which each bet on the prices of a basket of primary products. The underlying assumption was that prices in primary products would either correlate exactly to increases in population, Ehrlich's rather naive idea - or would be effected by discovery, innovation, savings, etc., that could be indefinitely squeezed out of the system - Simon's idea. Simon won - but if the same bet were made with a basket of material in 1998, and ending in 2008, Simon would have lost spectacularly. This doesn't mean that Ehrlich's theory would be proved right - there wasn't any population leap between those years - but that population is more accurately approached by translating it into systematic energy use terms. In that sense, there was a huge population leap - a huge leap in the amount of energy being used in the Third World states - plus the steady rise of the population.
The results might return farming to the center of the economy, where it was until mid 20th century. That would be some crash!
March 29, 2008 3:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
Roger-The Wall Street Journal posted a page one article last week on the return of Malthus to the global conversation. I wrote about it on my regular blog.
http://jtaplin.wordpress.com/2008/03/24/new-federalism-the-global-resource-squeeze/
March 29, 2008 9:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
It's not a currency problem. It's an oil problem first, a food problem second, and an overpopulation problem first, second, and third.
Bernanke might be able to keep our payments system up and running while housing deflates but he'll never solve this one.
Only the 4 horsemen can do that.
March 29, 2008 3:26 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: The results might return farming to the center of the economy, where it was until mid 20th century.
Unlikely. There isn't enough land for everyone to farm. No, we're going to remain an urbanized civilziation for the indefinite future, probably relying on nanotech, biotech and more exotic inventions yet to come. To paraphrase the philosopher Whitehead, the future will not be stranger than we imagine, it will be stranger than we CAN imagine.
Also, if you're talking about America, the urba-rural changeover (and associated industry-farming changeover) came in at the end of the 19th century not the mid 20th.
March 29, 2008 4:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
Wait a minute...I don't know about the other countries mentioned by NYT, but Mexico didn't experience "food riots." There was a series of popular demonstrations against the price of maiz, directed against the Cauldaron government. That's not a "riot" at all. If it were a riot, Mexicans would have been shouting: "Give me tortillas or give me death!"
It's really irresponsible for NYT to characterize such as a "riot." Or many papers, for that matter. The UK Times says:
"The spectre of food shortages is casting a shadow across the globe, causing riots in Africa, consumer protests in Europe and panic in food-importing countries."
Note the language: "consummer protests" v. "food riots." If an Irishman throws a rotten potatoe at a member of the London stock exchange, it will be a "consummer protest." But if a Mende from Burkino Faso throws a rotten yam at a Monsanto executive, it will be an act of terrorism.
March 29, 2008 6:49 PM | Reply | Permalink
Here's
a UK take on food riots. Articles about impending or actual food shortages in poor countries have been appearing in world news for almost a year...but neobunghole - typically - tries to make it look like as aspect of white racism.
March 29, 2008 8:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
JonF31, to be at the center of the economy is not synonymous with largest population sector being in agriculture. For instance, the average percentage of household disposable income that goes to food dropped from around 22 percent in 1950 to around 6-7 percent now. Up to 1919, agricultural goods constituted 45 percent of American exports.
Of course, modern agriculture isn't gong to attract masses of people once again, but people may well become much more aware of agriculture if the percentage of household disposable income on it goes up. And given how little desire there seems to be for our manufactured goods, it doesn't seem absolutely out of the question that agricultural export could top manufacturing in the next couple of years.
March 29, 2008 11:46 PM | Reply | Permalink
I see a lot of people pointing out gloomy economic observations, but I don't see anyone pointing out options.
Are there alternatives? Is there anyone discussing real world strategies that could be used to transform our current economic models which depend on growth to other models which are more appropriate to ZPG?
The only thing I seem to hear in discussions about the economy is we're going to keep striving to expand and consume ad infinitum--or something like that--which even a child can see is ultimately unsustainable in a world in which space and resources are finite.
March 30, 2008 4:20 AM | Reply | Permalink
@homefries
are there alternatives
Very low birth rates and extreme conservation measures for the next few generations while we search for and develop alternatives technologies and social structures.
Good luck in imposing such policies. They are truly draconian...but much less so than the alternatives...
March 30, 2008 10:01 AM | Reply | Permalink
We are trying what you suggest here.
http://jtaplin.wordpress.com/2008/03/29/a-new-federalist-budget/
March 30, 2008 12:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Good luck in imposing such policies.
The low birth rates are already happening spontaneously. Most notably in some of the very countries that consume the most goods per capita (Europe and Japan). America is a bit of an outlier, but mainly because of our immigrant population. And there are even third world countries (e.g., Mexico) where birth rates have fallen below replacement. The population bomb turned out to be a dud.
March 30, 2008 12:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
Mexico's birth rate, latest estimate.
It doesn't look like they're below replacement level. Not even close. But their rate has fallen very substantially in the last few years. But their fertility rate as U.S. immigrants is very high, if simple observation is a good guide.
However, in Mexico you've chosen a very untypical third-world example. The Muslim world and India are completely out of control...and not even interested in promoting such policies.
China should be a good guide of the effectiveness of a one-child policy. Has their population begun dropping rapidly as it should? I don't think so. All evidence indicates lots of unpunished violation, especially among the rich and well-connected.
March 30, 2008 1:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
There seem to some diffences of opnions to Mexico's fertiliyy rate.
Anyway, my point about falling birth rates stands. There are very few countries that have not seen some decrease. That doesn't mean their absolute population is going to deccrease in the near future, though in the long run that will happen anywhere that the birth rate remains below replacement. And of course long term predictions are risky, but it does seem that a combination of rising living standards and increased status and freedom for women is the remedy for the population bomb. In other words, liberalism has the right program, and we should be taking credit not promulgating doom and gloom.
March 31, 2008 4:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
"Neobunghole." Clever, kid...clever.
I was actually addressing the question of whether or not we should use our critical skills when engaging media, or just remain a puttyhead and let it soak in, unchallenged.
I'm happy to see you've chosen you side, Offendi.
March 30, 2008 5:51 PM | Reply | Permalink