A Recessionary Job Market
In what is the most recessionary jobs report since the last official downturn in 2001, payrolls fell 63,000 last month, and were down 101,000 in the private sector, according to today’s report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unemployment actually ticked down slightly, from 4.9% to 4.8%, but this was wholly due to labor force withdrawal. Employment in the more volatile survey of households—the one from which the unemployment rate is drawn—fell over 250,000.
The payroll contraction was the largest loss in almost five years.
The report is replete with evidence that the troubled, if not contracting, economy has reached the job market:
• payroll employment has now contracted two months in a row, and three consecutive months in the private sector (since government tends to less cyclically sensitive, private sector job growth is a more reliable barometer);
• December and January payroll counts were revised down by 46,000;
• The labor force contracted sharply; the share of the population in the workforce fell from 66.1% to 65.9%; the share of the population employed is down 0.5 percentage points compared to one year ago.
• Had the 450,000 people who left the labor force last month been counted among the unemployed, the jobless rate would have been 5.1% instead of 4.8%.
• Most industries shed jobs last month; a measure of industry hiring activity is at its lowest level in almost five years.
• Employment contracted core service industries, including retail sales and offices.
• In a clear recessionary signal, employers a shedding temp workers; employment is the sector was down 28,000, the largest loss in five years;
• The number of part-time workers who would prefer full time jobs—a measure of under-employment—is up over 600,000 over the past year.
• Both employment and total hours worked in the economy are contracting in traditional recessionary patterns.
Once again, despite recently increased exports of manufactured goods, factory employment fell sharply last month, down 52,000. Moreover, losses in the sector were concentrated in durable goods—bigger ticket items like autos and steel. Economists have been hoping that our rising exports would begin to show up, if not as job gains in manufacturing, at least slower losses. To the contrary, factory job loss has accelerated; last month’s loss was the largest since July 2003.
The housing market meltdown continues to take its toll on the residential construction sector, which shed 26,000 jobs last month, including building and contracting. What’s new here, however, is that slight losses have begun to show in non-residential construction as well, down each month since its peak last September. If this slide continues or deepens, hopes that non-residential building will offset residential losses will be dashed.
EPI’s index of housing and related employment, including real estate and credit providers, is down 540,000 since its peak in April of 2006.
Both hourly and weekly earnings grew 3.7% over the past year, below the pace of inflation. Regarding inflation, it is also notable that nominal hourly wages have grown at this same annual rate—3.7%—for the past three months, suggesting no inflationary wage pressures. In fact, as the job market weakens further, wage growth will likely slow.
At this point, we can be fairly certain that once the recession is officially recognized, it will include last month. Historically, once payrolls begin to grow less than 1% on a yearly basis, and contract on a monthly basis, the economy has been in or headed for recession.
However, whether or not we’re in an official recession is largely an academic question. As jobs become less available, and more potential workers leave the job market, family incomes will be increasingly constrained, with recessionary implications for both their own living standards and the macro-economy. Policy makers need to a) quickly acknowledge that the private sector engine of job growth is moving from stall to reverse, and take further steps to restart it, and b) ensure that the safety net, particularly the Unemployment Insurance system, is ready to meet the needs of workers displaced by the downturn.














Alas, when Milton Friedman announced the epimistological if not operational triumph of Lord Keynes, he was unable to imagine the moronism that has taken hold of the Republicans.
Where a thorough going communitarian revolution in the relationship of government to the economy is called for, we will hear, in response,
Cut taxes.
(Which would work if the cut tax were the payroll tax, to zero, for, say, a year--including zeroing out the employer's part so it could go directly to the employee)
March 7, 2008 12:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
I could see significantly raising the income level above which one must pay taxes. Presumably one pays tax to support government services that benefit everyone. If the government is going to ignore the working poor, then why should they pay taxes?
March 7, 2008 1:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
Is anybody else absolutely terrified?
March 7, 2008 2:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
I've been unemployed for most of the past 9 months, my longest period of unemployment ever.
The only thing that terrifies me is the thought that , after I get convicted of robbing banks, they may parole me before the recession is over and there'll be no way to pay rent and still no healthcare.
Because then recidivism becomes the only practical choice.
March 7, 2008 2:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
McCain is so screwed. This is what you get when you keep taking money out of the pockets of working class people and give it to investors and corporate executives. When the masses lose buying power the economy has to suffer. How is it the dumb bastards running both the country and the financial system don't understand this? And I have to laugh at all the corporate money being poured into the sales and marketing effort that is going in the toilet. The people on the receiving end of it don't have a nickel to spare. Current TV ads extolling the financial benefits of home ownership are a hoot in the present circumstance. NAFTA is really SHAFTA as far as I can tell. Move as many good paying manufacturing jobs as possible to low wage countries and this is the result. A middle class with empty pockets, no prospects, working 60 or 70 hrs/wk and trying to get by in an economy that sucks every last dime from a paycheck. We are a country, that is not only not moving forward, but one in reverse gear if ever there was one.
March 7, 2008 2:49 PM | Reply | Permalink
Here's McCain's plan for addressing the downturn, from Saturday's Washington Post:
'McCain, a senator from Arizona and the presumptive Republican nominee, said that "many American families are hurting very badly." He called for cutting corporate taxes, repealing the alternative minimum tax and making Bush's tax cuts permanent.'
Well, if your only tool's a hammer, I guess everything looks like a nail. And the AMT really does need fixing.
But, it's hard to see how any of those ideas get anywhere close to a) helping people who's living standards are hurting today, or b) getting the economy back on track. It's just more Bushonomics, which helped to get us in this mess.
March 8, 2008 4:06 AM | Reply | Permalink
So here's a question then, what do you guys think of Nader's notion of adopting a Wall Street securities speculation tax? Would it help to level the the playing field between the working class and corporate execs?
March 7, 2008 3:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
I should learn more about it, but I how would you even identify speculation, and why tax it? Yes, too much speculation inflates bubbles, and they're very harmful. But the ability to make bets--to speculate--is very much part of our economy and a good way for good ideas to get the resources they need.
So how to we avoid too much speculation? One idea is to tax stock transactions--a very light tax on trades. I've seen good arguments for and against that.
But the best way is for the financial authorities, especially the Fed, to identify bubbles, which are not that hard to spot, and take actions to deflate them. This includes jawboning--discouraging investors from buying into the bubbble--and enforcing relevant regulations, like strong underwriting. G-span and co generally did the opposite during both the dot.com and especially the housing bubble (he actively encouraged the 'innovative' securitizations, ARMs, etc.).
March 8, 2008 12:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
American Public Media's radio show Marketplace had an opinion piece by David Frum on Wednesday evening [http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2008/03/05/meaw_pm_adv_unlearning/] that addresses the poor choices and false steps policy makers are taking:
March 7, 2008 3:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
It is bad and getting worse. Also not counted as Unemployed are contractors who do not qualify for unemployment benefits. And the number of contractors increased substantially in the past few years so that major corporations do not have to provide benefits.
I would like to see penalties on companies to stop using contractors and hire employees and provide benefits. At least until we get the healthcare mess fixed.
I had another recent customer service experience that is located overseas - and that just happened in the last year. That was probably the loss of 1000-2000 jobs that used to be here in the US.
March 7, 2008 3:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
Why should Nader put a tax on "Wall Street speculation" when by far the most widespread and dangerous speculation of the last ten years has been undertaken by self-styled home "owners" who have taken out enormous risky leveraged bets on the real estate market?
March 7, 2008 4:59 PM | Reply | Permalink
Parallels to the Soviets anyone?
Bogged down in an endless war.
Check
A military budget devouring the treasury
Check
A weakening economy
Check
Corrupt governments from local to federal that see their citizens merely as a source for votes, cash and bodies
Check
And after the Evil Empire broke up
Concentration of the majority of the wealth at the top
Check
A cold wind's blowing
March 7, 2008 5:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
2/3rds of the U.S. economy is consumption oriented. It's obvious that we are a demand driven economy (what economy isn't?). Nobody does nothing if there is no demand for it.
The supply side stuff is just b.s. to implement wealth redistribution in favor of the rich. To reverse all of this, what's really needed is only a level playing field.
I haven't been able to find decent employment in years. I teach English in Asia at one fifth my old pay as a designer of info sys, so that they can come and do my old job at half the pay I used to do it. And of course, I don't get to bid against them for that. I am a credit card wage slave now to boot.
For all practical purposes, the Bush administration has destroyed my life. Every time I stood a chance at getting a job Bush would sign an executive order to increase the number of H1B visas and then my chances plumeted. This after I left the job market for a couple of years to get an advance degree.
At last I see some demand picking up, but I am stuck in Asia. My guess is that they've cut back on H1Bs because it's an election year. That will put more purchasing power in a lot of peoples pockets and firm of the economy a tad. I'm sure that their policy is: 3 years favoring big wigs, 1 year (election years) through the rabble some scraps.
For all practical purposes, my life is ruined. Thank you Republican party.
The rage inside me is seething. I'd love nothing more than to have ten minutes alone with George Bush and a pip wrench in my hand.
March 7, 2008 9:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Also not counted as Unemployed are contractors who do not qualify for unemployment benefits.
???
Contractors can get unemployment too. I know because I had worked for two years for a consulting firm back in 1999-2001 and then collected unemployment after being laid off (and I also had health insurance and other benefits through the consulting firm while still employed by them). Moreover, and I don't know why people keep making this error, the unemployment numbers do NOT derive from the number of people collecting unemployment payments. They come from a telephone survey, so an unemployed contractor will be counted too.
March 7, 2008 9:56 PM | Reply | Permalink
Do you have a link to a law which would support your assertion that "contractors can get unemployment [benefits]", because I've always understood that independent contractors don't pay unemployment insurance and don't receive unemployment benefits. Frankly, it sounds to me that you were not a contractor but rather, an employee.
As for unemployment surveys, the BLS does two: one based on employers' payrolls (CES) and one based on telephone contact with 60,000 households (CPS). Frankly, I've no idea whether contractors are or are not included in the Establishment Survey.
March 7, 2008 11:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yes, I believe Jon is confused. He is an employee; it is his *employer* who is a contractor.
March 8, 2008 2:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Do you have a link to a law which would support your assertion that "contractors can get unemployment [benefits]", because I've always understood that independent contractors don't pay unemployment insurance and don't receive unemployment benefits.
A contractor is any person who is working at a firm which is not however his direct employer under a W2 arrangement. Synonyms are "consultant" and "temp".
Contractors who work under a 1099 arrangement are considered self-employed business owners and will not receive unemployment-- although they do get all sorts of tax breaks not available to ordinary workers. For example they can deduct the mileage of their commute. The IRS is rather picky about who it will allow to work under a 1099 arrangement and in the past at least has forced businesses to recategorize workers as W2 employees instead, to prevent abuses of these tax breaks.
Contractors who work under a W2 arrangement with a contracting or consulting firm which then "rents out" their services to third parties are employees. They may receive the usual employee benefits including unemployment benefits. This is the situation I was in and it is by far the more common situation.
The employer payroll survey would capture W2 contractors (if the consulting firm that signs their paychecks is surveyed). I am not sure how it handles self-emplopyment in general. To the extent that it ignores self-employment it would be understating employment, not ignoring unemployment. Since self-employment is not rare I suspect they must make some manner of correction to the figure to account for it. (The employer survey also misses first-year start up firms, which also causes it to understate employment).
March 8, 2008 9:07 AM | Reply | Permalink
i>The employer survey also misses [estimates?] first-year start up firms, which also causes it to understate [or overstate?] employment.
March 8, 2008 10:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
Re: The employer survey also misses [estimates?] first-year start up firms, which also causes it to understate [or overstate?] employment.
I'm not sure what you mean by the above (unless you are just disagreeing with me for the sake of being disagreeable). It's a known deficiency that the BLS survey does not capture first-year start-ups for the simple reason that its employer database is a year out of date (it derives I think from SSA records). So anyone working at a first-year start-up is not going to show up in the survey. That's probably not a lot of people since start-up firms tend not to have a lot of employees. Still, it creates a bias toward understating (not overstating) the number of people employed. A small, perhaps negligible, bias, but not as you seem to be suggesting one that points in the opposite direction.
If you have any information as to how the survey deals with self-employment I'd be happy to learn it. I can't imagine the survey would simply ignore self-employed people since that is a significant number of people and its figures would seriously comprised toward showing fewer people working than are if it did ignore them. There are figures available from the IRS showing the number of people who file Schedule C, but that would be complicated by the fact that some people have both employment and self-employment income (I am one of those people). And of course those numbers will not necessarily be up to date; the data lag is probably at least one year.
March 8, 2008 3:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
I gather you've never stumbled across the BLS's birth-death model without an understanding of which you cannot talk knowledgeably or sensibly about the CES.
March 8, 2008 4:47 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: I gather you've never stumbled across the BLS's birth-death model without an understanding of which you cannot talk knowledgeably or sensibly about the CES.
Look, I asked you nicely to explain your rather sarcastic comments. Apparently you are just doing drive-by insults and have no desire to have an intelligent discussion or even to answer honest questions. Either you have some arcane knowledge about these topics or you don't. If not, why not shut up and quite snarling at other people simply because they are not kowtowing to you.
March 9, 2008 1:42 AM | Reply | Permalink
Don't be so defensive, JonF311. We're probably in agreement.
I mean anyone who thinks that an understanding of the rudiments of how the BLS goes about putting its surveys together is "arcane knowledge" is pretty much disqualified from lecturing upon the meaning and interpretation of those surveys.
You'd agree with that assessment, wouldn't you?
March 9, 2008 2:59 PM | Reply | Permalink