Priorities, priorities, priorities
The current debate about the foreign policy of the next administration focuses on select hot spots (Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan). Sometimes, Russia and Chain are mentioned. Very little attention is paid to what over arching principles are going to direct the new foreign policy and what basic strategy it is going to follow. Above all, no one is willing to come clean and openly admit that the United States –“the richest nation in the world”— can do much less than we wish, and hence must set priorities. Moreover, the United States may very well be unable to get very far down the list of what ought to be done, leaving much uncovered.
Americans are by nature a young, can do, positive thinking, optimistic lot. The typical discussion about a problem implicitly assumes that there is a solution if people of good will (and means) will put their minds to it. Actually, the opposite is true. The world, especially the international arena, is a tragic place, in which problems persist and interventions often do not help, but instead sadly exacerbate the problem. Above all, there are scores of issues that cry out to be addressed, and at best there are the resources for addressing only some of them. Priorities must be set, as painful as such a process is.
First priority should be accorded to the protection of life. Not just ours, but that of all human beings. Hence the powers that be, working with other nations, should interfere whenever there is a threat of a massive loss of life. They should have been in Rwanda, and should be in Sudan and the Congo. However the interventions in Panama and Haiti could hardly be justified by this criterion.
On the same ground, when a state is truly threatening another with weapons of mass destruction, it should be prevented from attacking, as international law has long recognized. The fact that the Bush Administration abused this principle will make it difficult to come up with complete evidence that an attack is imminent. However this should not be understood to mean that from now on nations have to give up the right to self-defense. Even Arab nations were mum when Israel attacked a facility in Syria in which North Korea is believed to have helped build a nuclear reactor.
Sergio Vieira de Mello, a career U.N. official, put this position succinctly when he stated: "Security is the first priority, and the second priority, and the third priority, and the fourth priority.” Samantha Power, in her new book Chasing the Flame, stressed the need to back up soft power with hard power when all else fails. Jonathan Rauch writes “export security, not democracy” [here].
The good news is that the overwhelming majority of Muslims reject the use of violence, just like other people across the world. For example, polls conducted in 2005 and 2006 showed that only 13% of Moroccans, 17% of Turks and 10% of Indonesians supported suicide bombings. Moreover both Iran and North Korean indicated repeatedly that they are willing to put their nuclear programs on the negotiating table if the US and its allies will commit themselves not to attack these nations. Hence, to the extent the next administration will make the promotion of peace rather than regime change its first priority, major progress on this front can be hoped for. This in turn would free resources, political capital, and attention for whatever is next on the priority scale.
Others may disagree with the high ranking I grant protecting life, but may agree that there is a need to set priorities and engage in the discussion of what must be done first.
Amitai Etzioni is a professor of international relations at George Washington University and the author of Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy. To contact Amitai Etzioni, email comnet@gwu.edu
www.securityfirstbook.com














The political "base" is not interested in anything other than Iraq, that's why it's not being covered by the candidates. Check what the readers are interested in at TPM (besides you, of course), DailyKos or Democratic Underground for evidence. The MSM often has gotten the blame for this in the past, but I see ever more clearly everyday on the internet that their Neilsen numbers taht tell them it's of no interest except to a very small audience, unless there's a war going on with the U.S.A. involved. There is no Ted Turner out there anymore to force it on the general public and make them interested, sorry.
McCain as the GOP candidate at will force it some in the general debates. (It is interesting in that regard that you see a lot more foreign news interest at freerepublic.com than you do on the Democratic sites, as well as on Fox News as opposed to MSNBC and CNN-- interventionists and American exceptionialists are more interested in foreign policy by their very nature.)
I should add that I don't agree with those who make this an American problem: yes I do believe that the masses in China or Latin America don't care much about foreign policy or news either, all politics is local basically rules worldwide.
February 26, 2008 11:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
P.S. The blogger Matthew Yglesias was in on a conference call yesterday with the Obama campaign, a call which was targeted on Hillary's foreign policy speech, and in his post on that there is a bit of what they said on the overall approach thing that might interest you and others:
http://matthewyglesias.theatlantic.com/archives/2008/02/stenography_or_real_journalism.php
February 26, 2008 11:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
This primary is sucking the air out of even some blogs that usually don't deal with strictly political issues. Larry Johnson at noquarter, Col Pat Lang at Sic Semper Tyrannis and Steve Clemons from the Washington Note have all been expressing various levels of "concern" about Obama.
One of Clemon's great areas of "concern" was his "discovery" that Obama hadn't chaired the Europe subcommittee. (I hope the Obama team realises that it's best to ignore much of Steve's advice on personnel matters)
As Josh says on his debate bloggin':
"9:46 PM ... I've always thought this Europe subcommittee issue with Obama is a bit weird."
Me too.
February 27, 2008 12:17 AM | Reply | Permalink
I can't aupport Etzioni's priorities here. The goal of our foreign policy is not to "protect lives," it is to "protect American lives." We can argue about what that means. It certainly seems to mean not letting new Afghanistans develop and fester but it also means that we can't just accept Etzioni's word that we have to do something in Rwanda or Darfur. The farthest I'd go on that front is that we should do something about Darfur so long as we don't risk American lives in doing so. Everybody says we failed in Rwanda. But would sending US troops into the middle of a civil war been a smart thing?
There's another principle that Etzioni should address or at least consider -- the welfare of the American people should be the first priority of the American government. So domestic spending should be the priority. Should we spend billions in Darfur while people are losing their homes in the states?
February 26, 2008 11:29 AM | Reply | Permalink
I was always very fond of Bill Clinton's and Al Gore's "a rising tide lifts all boats worldwide" general approach, it was a gentle way to introduce how the stresses of globalization demand more foreign policy whether we like it or not, and the priorities were always framed as Amero-centric. You could disagree with whether they were Amero-centric enough or morally proper, but at least that is the way it was unashamedly framed.
February 26, 2008 11:47 AM | Reply | Permalink
Everybody says we failed in Rwanda. But would sending US troops into the middle of a civil war been a smart thing? destor23
Would it be okay with you if the U.S. had exercised some leadership in the U.N. and had gotten the Security Council to direct General Dallaire to shut down Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM)?
February 26, 2008 8:59 PM | Reply | Permalink
The world, especially the international arena, is a tragic place,
Hogwash. The world is a wonderful place, full of good people doing good things. You need to get out more.
Americans are by nature a young, can do, positive thinking, optimistic lot.
The American people are far ahead of the politicians. They don't care about' foreign involvement plans because they are against foreign involvement in general, in favor of domestic concerns. They naturally tend toward George Washington's view as stated in his farewell address:
"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connexion as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop."
First priority should be accorded to the protection of life. Not just ours, but that of all human beings.
American foreign interventions, since the turn of the last century, from The Philippines to Central America to Vietnam and Iraq, have cost lives and not protected them. There is no evidence that US involvement in Rwanda, Sudan and the Congo would have been any different.
Security is the first priority
Defense of the US is Job One so long as it doesn't include hoked-up pre-emptive strikes and foreign invasions.
export security, not democracy
Define "security." Current US usage is that people who are "strong on national security" are war-mongers.
to the extent the next administration will make the promotion of peace rather than regime change its first priority, major progress on this front can be hoped for.
Yes, without US intervention in other countries. Those that state that the US Army troops are Peacemakers or Peacekeepers usually mean the peace of the dead. As you state: interventions often do not help.
February 26, 2008 11:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
Another thing about exporting security: It's very hard to do that without imposing yourself on other countries. George Bush would have argued that by deposing Saddam he was, indeed, exporting security. He said Saddam was a threat to security, after all. Now I think Etzioni disagreed with the Iraq war from the start, but it was still fought using his language. Exporting security can be used as cover for doing almost anything.
February 26, 2008 3:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
I totally agree with destor. The US Constitution is a social contract among Americans to promote the general welfare of Americans and provide for the defense of Americans.
February 26, 2008 6:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
What hogwash. Hirsch wrote quite clearly that whatever Israel bombed in Syria was NOT a nuclear facility. Why should anyone listen to you if you propagate such right wing lies around here?
February 26, 2008 1:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good point, Etzioni's post needs to be corrected. HEre's a relevant quote from the New Yorker article that shows why:
"...in three months of reporting for this article, I was repeatedly told by current and former intelligence, diplomatic, and congressional officials that they were not aware of any solid evidence of ongoing nuclear-weapons programs in Syria. It is possible that Israel conveyed intelligence directly to senior members of the Bush Administration, without it being vetted by intelligence agencies. (This process, known as “stovepiping,” overwhelmed U.S. intelligence before the war in Iraq.) But Mohamed ElBaradei, the director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations group responsible for monitoring compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, said, “Our experts who have carefully analyzed the satellite imagery say it is unlikely that this building was a nuclear facility.”"
February 26, 2008 7:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
I read the article, and it appeared they weren't certain what it was. Skeptical of the nuclear thesis, but not certain.
February 26, 2008 3:47 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yes it is the old problem: It is impossible to prove a negative. Just like it is impossible to prove that Saddam did not have WMD. But it is extremely unlikely. Now the only people claiming that Israel bombed a nuclear facility are the same people who gave us the Iraq's WMD lies so I think we should reject them. And if this fool Amitai had an ounce of common sense he would'nt be repeating this nonsense.
February 26, 2008 7:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
"On the same ground, when a state is truly threatening another with weapons of mass destruction, it should be prevented from attacking as international law has long recognized."
--If a country is definitely going to attack, then international law has recognized a very narrowly defined right to preempt. The definition of "truly threatening" matters so much after Bush's WMD stunt.
--The Caroline and Nicaragua cases established that anticipatory self-defense(preemption) is only legitimate "when the danger is so great as to leave no alternative." The "imminent" threat that's preempted must be "instant, overwhelming and leave no choice of means and no moment of deliberation."
"The fact that the Bush Administration abused this principle will make it difficult to come up with complete evidence that an attack is imminent."
--Nothing Bush has done will make it harder to turn up accessible, real evidence in future cases. Hopefully people won't be too skeptical if faced with real evidence. The thin, silver lining of Bush having manipulated WMD facts is that it will be harder for anyone to do that again.
"However this should not be understood to mean that from now on nations have to give up the right to self-defense. Even Arab nations were mum when Israel attacked a facility in Syria..."
--Just because Arab nations were "mum" does not mean that they determined that Israel acted in self defense. "Self defense" by Israel would mean that Syria attacked Israel and Israel then defended itself. What you are really talking about here is illegal preemption, or undisclosed preemption of an imminent attack by Syria, or else an act of war as Hirsch concluded. The reaction of nearby countries doesn't change the fact that there is a difference between legal self defense and an illegal act of war.
I agree that there is only so much we can do. I agree that as painful as it is, we have to set priorities. As a previous comment noted, we ought to prioritize is the welfare of Americans. So many problems have piled up here at home. It seems obvious we should avoid foreign entanglements unless there is a clearly productive and limited role we can afford to play.
February 26, 2008 10:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
Well, I don't believe that the UN has the right to shut down local radio stations, so yeah, I guess I'd have a problem with that.
February 26, 2008 11:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
Let's see. U.N. peace keeping forces are in-country operating under a Security Council resolution, but they have no "right" to shut down a radio station which is bent on undermining their mission -- and incidentally, bent on fomenting a genocide.
Good thinking!
February 27, 2008 8:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
Do UN forces have the right, while on a peace keeping mission, to silence people who are critical of the UN mission? Seems to me that even if they're crazy that people have the perfect right to say "I don't think these UN peacekeepers should be here."
February 27, 2008 8:21 AM | Reply | Permalink