Whither Go Real Wages?
Here’s a graph at which we should all take a close look. It’s just a few data points bouncing around a chart, but it explains a lot, I think, about why so many people are unsettled by developments in the current economy.
The data are the inflation-adjusted, average weekly earnings of a representative group of workers—those who are non-managers in the service sector and blue-collar workers in manufacturing. So we’re talking about the bottom 80% of workforce.
Adjusting for the growth of prices and looking back of the past few years, their weekly earnings rose significantly in just two months: September and October of last year. Before and since, earnings have been flat (these data leave out fringe benefits, which have also been falling for most workers).
So what was so special about those two months?
Simple: inflation was really low, actually falling for both months, obviously an unusual occurrence. In fact, those months saw the largest two-month decline in inflation since the late 1940s.
The point—and I grant you it’s a no-brainer—is that for all the talk about tame inflation, in most months, when it comes to the buying power of our paychecks, most of us been treading water. In last months’ dollars, weekly earnings are up a whole five-spot (that’s $5) since January 2004.
A few other points worth considering:
First, the inflation discussion among policy makers tends Fed tends to focus on “core” inflation. This measure leaves out energy costs, which fell steeply last fall (when wages jumped) and have been rising quickly most recently, up 14.5% over the past year.
In other words, as go gas prices, so goes the buying power of most of us. The trend in nominal wages—before inflation adjustments—has been steady, between 3.5 and 4 percent, so the real changes have come much more from energy-driven inflation fluctuations than from changes in the rate of growth of hourly wages or weekly hours.
But with the economy sure to slow in coming months, this could falter. If nominal wage growth slows, if jobs disappear or weekly hours worked decline, wage growth will decelerate. Unless energy prices fall off of the same cliff they did in the fall of ’06, consumers’ buying power will take a hit.
Given the fact that consumer spending is 70% of the economy, and the part that’s been reliably fueling growth lately, declining real earnings for most workers is a worrisome prospect from a macro-perspective—it will be tough to get the economy growing again if enough consumers are pinched. But closer to home, that extra five spot isn’t exactly burning a hole in our pockets, and that probably goes a long way to explaining most people’s jaundiced view of today’s economy.















I'm afraid I don't have anything insightful to add, but as someone who's definitely on the short end of this stick I just wanted to thank you for posting this.
I don't know how bad things have to get before the corporate media will start addressing this issue in earnest, if they ever will. But maybe that's a stupid thought. As far as the corporate media goes, what's good for corporations and shareholders' bottom lines must be good for America, right?
November 15, 2007 7:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
Something interesting to track--the decline in real wages over time and the increases in debt (credit card and home equity) over the same period of time. It seems to me--that those affected by declines in real wages (and it has been happening for a long time)--have not noticed the decline in their wages because they have maintained their lifestyle (in spite of their own personal inflation rates) by paying more and more living expenses by borrowing via credit card or home equity loan. How many people do you suppose actually carried a balance on their credit cards or took out home equity loans to pay off their debt just 10 years ago? It has gotten so EASY to not notice that things cost more when you use credit--and it hides the fact that ones wages just don't have the purchasing power they once did.
November 15, 2007 9:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
My wages went up this week for the first time in 2 1/2 years - $40 a month!
That should cover the difference in the price of gas since this time last month. So I'm good. Oh yeah. This economy so totally rocks. I'm voting Republican.
November 16, 2007 10:17 AM | Reply | Permalink
Since it came out in 2004, I've been showing the documentary End of Suburbia to my Urban America classes. One of the classic scenes in the film on the effects of Peak Oil on the American future has a talking head standing in front of a gas pump, talking about the alarming effects of the high price of gasoline. The price at the pump, as I remember it, $1.98 a gallon. The first time I showed it, the students reacted with something between disbelief and scorn. The last time I showed it, they had a hard time believing gas had ever been that cheap. (These are eighteen year olds, folks, and anything more than six weeks ago is ancient history).
But how people in general scoffed at the idea of $100 a barrel oil back in those days. Ain't much scoffing now. Thanks again for a very interesting post, Jared.
aMike
November 16, 2007 5:26 PM | Reply | Permalink
Once again I must ask where you determined the rate of inflation; the CPI?
There are so many factors left out of CPI that it is just a joke.
Food (and not the false food basket) and energy being the two largest factors left out for skewing data for being too variable while technology products remain in.
How many tech products are people buying with gas at $3.05 per gallon; food prices up across the board; property taxes rising due to the appraisal lag from the housing boom?
Meanwhile we include large screen TV's price drops.
Do the wage growth numbers account for the number of people being laid off during the period and then accepting employment at lower wages? If one worker one gets laid off from a small manufacturing firm and then has to take a job a Wal-Mart what does this do your numbers?
The average wage at the manufacturing plant hasn't changed but the number of people earning that wage has decreased. The new Wal-Mart employee is getting crushed with the lower wage yet the Wal-Mart $.10 an hour wage increase gets counted as rising wages.
Without accounting for the changes in varying wage employment numbers creates a bias in the data.
Can you expand on the validity of your data?
FloridaDemocrat
November 16, 2007 6:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
aMike, personally, I like urban areas and third places, so I'm thinking that the EoS isn't such a bad thing. :-) I did watch the trailer on youtube and got the more serious drift, but I'll never understand how suburbia became the American Dream.
What you need is sustained outrage...there's far too much unthinking respect given to authority. Molly Ivins
November 17, 2007 1:45 AM | Reply | Permalink
Interesting, aMike.
Not to be a two-handed economist, but on the one hand, you want higher gas prices to motivate us to seek alternative, greener energy sources. On the other, for lots of people, filling the tank ain't a choice, it's a necessity, and you don't like to see it absorb so much of the paycheck.
November 17, 2007 5:51 AM | Reply | Permalink
Good questions, FD.
First, the CPI-U, which is what I used here does inclde gas and food. Also, the type of wage changes you mention are absolutely reflected in the graph.
However, as you suggest, electronic goods have been falling in price (once you adjust for quality) and this does surely slow the growth of the CPI. If you made a price index that heavily downweighted these components (ie, upweighted food, energy, child care, college tuition), you'd see faster price growth and slower real wage growth.
November 17, 2007 5:55 AM | Reply | Permalink
It's my understanding (maybe I'm wrong?) that average and median wages are simply wages averaged (and the median taken) aross the board. So that if someone goes to work for less money the numbers are depressed by that fact.
On a much larger point something I would caution against: don't deliberately exaggerate the problems in the economy. Not everyone is in dire straits, there are many people like me who are doing OK, or even more than OK (though I suspect all of us hate the gas prices, worry about healthcare and so forth). When you start the "Everbody's starving, we're all doomed!" riff it destroys your credibility. I'm voting Democratic next year even if the GOP runs Jesus Christ and the Dalai Lama, but there are plenty of folks like me who may be sitting on the fence and an exaggerated message of doom and gloom will turn them of. You need to give people a positive reason to vote for progrsesive change.
November 17, 2007 6:07 AM | Reply | Permalink
Me too, Seashell. This is one of the reasons I teach the Urban course. The students at my university are more than just suburban--they're exurban, and I'm propagandizing (in a nice way) to have them reconsider cities and even reasonably sized towns, some of which are reasonably densely populated and have multiple third places) are good places in which to live lively and interesting lives.
I'm also the last pedestrian on the face of the earth (or it seems so), so I can go "neeners neeners" when the SUV kids complain about filling the tank.
aMike
November 17, 2007 8:19 AM | Reply | Permalink
...and another thing...
Take a moment to reflect on how much stuff American's buy today that they didn't buy 10 or so years ago--cell phones (in addition to land lines), paying per minute to talk and IM (how much more is the average persons' phone bill per month? especially young people who before never had their own phone--but had to share the family phone?, internet connections, downloads (games, music, movies, magazines), ipods, digital cameras, fees to use debit cards, look at the increases, too, in the cost of using credit--late fees, over limit fees, fees to pay on-line, fees if you don't pay on-line or electronically, check cashing stores, payday lenders, title loan lenders, paying to vote for the next American Idol or the next Dancer or to solve the CSI case and win $10k (and why isn't that considered gambling??). Think of all the new ways we spend essentially the same paycheck. It's no wonder our dollar doesn't go as far as it used to.
November 17, 2007 8:27 AM | Reply | Permalink
Not to be a three-handed historian (though evolving one would be useful for those stand up cocktail and canapé soirées I sometimes get trapped into)... Over the longer run suburbia itself may not be sustainable regardless of the quest for greener energy sources.
So, on the third hand there may be no choice but some variant on The New Urbanism. Like so much else, it will be the middle which feels this first. The folks in the Hamptons can absorb the price, the folks in the Levittowns? I'm not so sure. So what happens to the land of cape-cod cottages on 5,000 sq. foot lots? I wonder who's looking at blue-collar suburbia?
aMike
November 17, 2007 8:32 AM | Reply | Permalink
Hey, Jared.
How does the CPI take into account health care costs (if it does at all)?
In my line of work I'm fortunate to have health care coverage through my employer. But gradually, over the years, my weekly contributions (to cover the premiums) have gone up, and my benefits have eroded (larger co-pays and/or deductibles).
Does the CPI capture any of that?
When we consider health care costs (along with the points that mehitabel made above about all the stuff we consider "necessities" now, but didn't used to have to pay for -- how 'bout those cable TV rates, and internet access?), I think what's left over -- discretionary income, or savings (imagine that) -- must have fallen steadily over the last decade or so.
Is there an established metric for that? (Maybe the average weight of our wallets?!) A graph of that might best show what people are really feeling.
-- ARG
November 17, 2007 8:55 AM | Reply | Permalink
JPF--low values pull down the average but not the median. The wages in the chart are averages, but taken over the bottom 80% of the workforce, so they leave out the big gains going to folks at the top.
I agree very much with your point re doom and gloom--that doesn't describe what's going on for most people in today's economy. But real income/wage stagnation is real, and many are facing a tougher time of it than would be the case if the benefits of growth were more fairly distributed, if adequate regulatory policies were in place and enforced, if fiscal policy were more foward looking, if we weren't spending/squandering 100s of billions on a bad war, etc...
Any pol who recognizes those realities and offers a plausible platform to address them gets my vote.
November 17, 2007 9:37 AM | Reply | Permalink
ARG and mehitabel--good points/questions--I'll do my next post on these and the other questions that came up re inflation and wage measurement.
November 17, 2007 9:42 AM | Reply | Permalink
I've been around long enough, unfortunately, to remember when gas was 21 cents/gallon. Gas stations used to compete for customers back then and one way to draw them was to lower your price/gallon.
Those were the days when consumers actually had some clout when it came to the market. Now, it seems, we're merely its victims. (This isn't the way capitalism is supposed to work, is it?)
November 17, 2007 10:59 AM | Reply | Permalink
I've been around long enough, unfortunately, to remember when gas was 21 cents/gallon.
Better than the alternative, Phelicity!
;-)
November 17, 2007 4:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
A free, independent, and largely financially
self-sufficient public is harder to manipulate
than one that is a paycheck from disaster, or
just past it. Remember, you are working against
Big Name Lenders and Card Companies that employ
college-trained loan sha...financial experts.
People in debt have a GREAT work ethic...they
WILL be at work on Monday, sick or not. If
they can sucker you in for a B.S. home loan,
or entice you into half-selling your house
back to the bank, in either instance you're
in a position to lose that 'real' estate.
Yes, they're after the deed to the ranch,
and if they can't tax it out of you, they'll
bleed you on payments. But either way,
'consumer', you WILL give your all for La
Causa, there.
Let's have a little fun with this whole thing...I was reading a post on
HuffPo the other day, and the guy was
talking about the evils of pornography,
but what about BIZ-porn? With guys like
Grasso who used to run the market, and 'earning'
600 million a year, it sure makes you wonder
whatinhell's going on with our currency etc.,
and then you hear about foreign banks
jumping on the perpetual american indebtedness
bandwagon, yessiree, even if you don't know
where your money goes(which is part of the game),
THEY do. That's where all this datamining
stuff gets more than just a little spooky...
so, how's it feel to be a nameless statistic?
Wait, scratch that, your name IS on here,
and YOU didn't pay your CELL-phone bill this
month! Wait'll I tell the credit bureau
AND your manager about this! Now, back to work, XB713E6J22, or-we'll(Orwell, get it? Wink, wink
nudge nudge) send you to worker religious re-education camp! BACK in your consumercitizen pigeonhole! Back, I say! Bang! Bang! Snap!
LOL
November 17, 2007 8:09 PM | Reply | Permalink
The message I get, repeatedly, is that each of the factors in the macro economy is in either stagnation or freefall. Or rocketing. When I was in college, I remember the price of a gallon reaching $0.98. That wasn't Carter, it was Reagan.
Now I'm surprised to see a gallon of milk (I drive by dairy farms in my extended neighborhood) going for $3.75.
This is globalization. The dollar, the corn, the tanker fuel, political influence are all no longer local or regional, certainly not national. And as the top dog, I'm surprised America doesn't realize things are quite precarious.
Those island nations heading for Atlantis when Greenland thaws aren't going to sink. People float. And those marginal island nations have been growing radicals for export. Seems they buy the argument that Western values threaten their way of life.
Tying this back to your post, it's funny that the industrialisation of the planet is going to submerge their little lands, but they're actually benefiting from oil prices relative the dollar's exchange rate while we tighten belts made in their factories.
November 18, 2007 5:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
Good idea. Check the correlations between
-the decline in real wages
-increases in credit card and home equity debt
-the rate of foreclosures and bankruptcies (there is more than just the housing bubble that Greenspan encouraged in order to insure the reelection of Bush in 2004)
And then look at
-the net profit, retained cash, and trends in investment over the same period.
-the trends in CEO Pay
-the rate of union membership in the total workforce.
I think the results are going to show that the Bush administration has presided over the greatest shrinkage of the middle class since the Depression.
November 18, 2007 7:50 AM | Reply | Permalink
Joe Monster, I don't know what part of the country you are in, but milk in the south is $4.25/gallon. I just paid $2.25 for a dozen eggs on Thursday! And we live in chicken country.
As for the other points:
We don't have cell phones - except for one prepaid for whoever is in the auto and may need a phone in an emergency
We don't pay the phone companies their outrageous prices; we've been on VoIP since 2003 with a flat fee for all our calls
internet connection is probably the one "sin" I could cut out. But downloads - we just don't go there. Period. And we don't buy cable TV either.
OK, we saved to buy these things with cash. There's something wrong with that? - nope, don't do that. - nope, no credit cards in this house. Not. One. - around here, they only charge you a "convenience fee" if you pay electronically. We solve that by paying in person at the election/gas/internet company offices. - never ONCE did any of these things. Not. Ever.We pay for the necessities. Nothing. More. There's no money for anything more.
We've suffered job losses and massive income loss since Poppy Bush and NAFTA. Our family is one of those who's income has dropped since the early 90s - dramatically. NAFTA and offshoring are responsible.
In the meantime, we wonder how we'll buy anything for the kids for Christmas this year.
November 18, 2007 8:04 AM | Reply | Permalink
Wages up 5 whole bucks a week!
Time for another tax cut.
Bush is already patting himself on the back for his stewardship of the economy.
November 18, 2007 8:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
Oooops!
Should read:
We solve that by paying in person at the electric/gas/internet company offices.
November 18, 2007 8:17 AM | Reply | Permalink
Sorry, I've been a lifelong Democrat, but even I know this doesn't sit on W's shoulders alone.
Sure, it's gotten worse since Bush took office, but it started long before he was selected.
I'd venture to say that it all began with "right to work" BS. The moment that took effect, workers lost their rights.
Perhaps you'd like to research where that BS started (here's a hint - it was a Governor of Arkansas).
November 18, 2007 8:21 AM | Reply | Permalink
Not paying your phone bill (or any other bills) can affect your credit rating with ALL of your other creditors. Late with a car payment? Your credit card interest jumps from 15% to 30%+. Some prospective employers will reject a job candidate because of a bad credit score.
Add this to the recent bankruptcy law that punishes the individual but lets corporations skate when they are in money trouble. Consider this convergence:
Your employer goes bankrupt. You lose your job. Your credit goes to hell. You declare bankruptcy. The bank takes your house.
The executives of the corporation get payouts if they didn't skip out before the fall, the corporation reorganizes after stiffing its employees and suppliers and voila, they washed their problems in your sink..
November 18, 2007 8:29 AM | Reply | Permalink
True, that, but the federal deficit has exploded since Bush took office, aided and abetted by the DeLay Congress. That takes a toll on the economy. The former Gov. of Arkansas left with a surplus.
"Right to work" laws emerged in the South out of anti-union attitudes and a way to compete for business. Outsourcing overseas has compounded the problem. Now, those "right-to-work " states are competing with China and the jobs are going away.
Bill was always about triangulation. He's not a liberal.
It's not completely Bush's fault but he's certainly accelerated the trend and his "leadership" has lowered our worldwide reputation.
November 18, 2007 8:41 AM | Reply | Permalink
I actually remember 15 cents/Gallon, but as I recall, the minimum wage was also about 75 cents/hour. The regular price without prices wars was about 25 cents/gallon. Hey, we even had attendants who pumped the gas, filled the tires with air, and checked the water levels at no extra charge. Remember those?
I wonder how much of the current $100 /barrel price of oil is risk premium caused by the uncertainty that results from the failed occupation of Iraq and the Bush/Cheney bellicosity against Iran?
As for consumers setting the prices, that was when the oil producing countries took whatever the 'seven sisters' - the oil companies - would give them. But the oil producing nations watched what the Texas Railroad Commission had done to take control of oil prices in Texas as the Texas oil fields peaked, and those nations created OPEC. Since then the suppliers set the price. Another result has been the consolidation of the oil refining and distribution companies. I dated myself when I used the older nickname 'the seven sisters.'
OPEC and the consolidation of the big oil companies totally eliminated the power of the consumer on prices and made the oil companies into the profit machines they have become. In the bad old days before OPEC oil was a boom and bust business (and for independent production companies it still is somewhat.) Now the oil companies make a big profit when the price per barrel goes up, and a not-so-big profit when they go back down.
The capitalist propaganda we all get in school regarding supply and demand depends on suppliers and consumers who have roughly equal power, and who can - either one - walk away from the price negotiation when the other side gets too unreasonable. The really low prices occurred when there were a lot of competing oil companies, all of which had to keep refining oil in order to cover the interest on the money borrowed to build the refineries, pipelines, and oil supertankers. The oil companies couldn't walk away from the table. Consumers could always go down the street to a competitor. No more.
Now all the oil companies pay the same price for oil out of the ground. OPEC is essentially a single supplier - everyone else takes the price they set - my Macroeconomics instructor thirty years ago said cartels never last, but he was wrong about oil. The oil companies have consolidated so that there is little effective competition except at the distribution level. High volume distributors have lower cost per gallon, and they maintain their high volume by lowering prices a few cents. That's the only competition left to reduce prices for the consumer. Prices are set now by OPEC, with a risk premium set by the spot market to deal with possible interruptions of the flow of oil.
That's the way capitalism really works. Adam Smith in 1776 could not have imagined, but all most people get in school is Smith's supply and demand theory. But this isn't your village market.
November 18, 2007 8:43 AM | Reply | Permalink
Would you mind explaining to me how the deficit affects me/us on a daily basis? 'Cause, quite frankly, I just don't see it.
As for the "anti-union attitudes" you discuss, you would be correct. However, until Bill Clinton gave these governors (can you say Zell Miller?) the right to work hammer to bang over the heads of unions, it was a non-issue.
I will, however, take umbrage with the fact that "right to work states" are just NOW competing with China. No sir, my husband's entire industry went to Mexico with NAFTA long before they outsourced it from there to Thailand.
I'll give you that W has "lowered our worldwide reputation," but I'd really like to know how that effects the wages we're talking about right now. I has absolutely nothing to do with this discussion.
I understand your knee jerk reaction to defend Bill Clinton, but I'd suggest we'll never win again as long as that is the objective of DEMs.
My family cannot sustain itself with another Clinton presidency. That's a hard fact.
November 18, 2007 8:52 AM | Reply | Permalink
We have an economy which CAN use every trained worker we produce. We just aren't investing in producing trained workers.
Even if we do, then we don't invest in providing a rewarding career path for the most critical of modern workers, engineers. Individual employers can't afford to train workers on the job, because they raises their costs and the smaller firms can't compete with the firms that don't spend on such training. Besides, when a firm spends to train an employee they become worth more and either have to be paid more or they go to another employer - which means the original company is stupid to have trained them. They won't get any benefit for their investment. Better to hire a foreign employee on an HB1 visa.
The result is that a lot of good engineers find their skills become outdated and the pay they can command peaks at about age 40. That's whey so many get MBA's instead of advanced engineering degrees. An engineer who gets an MBA is quitting real engineering.
This is a social problem the American economy is ignoring because it requires government action to properly allocate and share the costs of any solution other than hiring overseas. Unfortunately, the developing nations don't hesitate to use government action, and America is dropping behind them in innovation.
November 18, 2007 9:40 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'm not sure what part of the South you are in, but Texas has had the right-to-work laws since at least the 1950's. Clinton didn't do that. And NAFTA did not cause the outsourcing of jobs to Mexico. It merely ratified the trends that started much earlier, and at least put some (not nearly enough) regulation onto what was already happening. Maquiladoras long predated NAFTA, for example and at least one cheap accounting program was written in Monterrey during the 80's.
The real problem with Mexico is that it is economically retarded by the ruling class in Mexico City who operate like conservatives everywhere. Family and ideology are more important than competence in who gets hired and who gets promoted. NAFTA could have been a real boone to Mexico's economy, but that would have meant opening their economy up to too many of the 'wrong kind of people.' Had the economy grown as it could have, American firms would have had more difficulty finding cheap labor there to use when they relocated American jobs to Mexico.
The Mexico City wealthy and bureaucrats have kept control over who got better jobs, who got educated, and carefully kept a large number of unemployed to depress wages. This latter group is their lever to get American firms to move to Mexico. For Americans - Better to go where wages are low than to educate your local workers and invest in the productivity that would allow well-paid middle class American worker compete internationally. Our 'brilliant' American business leaders know how to move to low wages, but they themselves haven't got the education needed to deal with innovation on the job that creates more productivity. GM and Ford - need I say more? For the Mexican business leaders, better a less vibrant economy as long as they retain greater control of it. Both groups of business leaders hate paying a vibrant middle class.
The deficit has provided money from China and others so that Americans can buy their products. This has built the economies of those nations even as it has hollowed out the American economy. It is based on the fiction that America has to maintain a strong dollar, so the dollar has been overprices since at least the Nixon era. If you want a list of nations which have been subsidizing our international purchases, just look at the nations which have pegged their currency to the dollar as China has done. On a daily basis this has allowed American consumers to buy cheap goods while at the same time it has hollowed out the production capabilities of American industries as American business leaders move plants and jobs overseas to get the cheaper labor. That is the current daily effect of the deficit.
But the hollowing out of industry means we aren't selling anything back except bonds. That same deficit is also causing the drop in the value of the dollar and much of the rise in oil prices (besides the risk premium that goes up every time Cheney threatens Iran. All of this is on top of the anticipated short supply of oil related to demand.)
So the on-coming and now inevitable recession and inflation is also a result of the deficit. When that hits, the government is going to have to quit trying to maintain a strong dollar so that we can buy cheaply, and simply try to rebuild an economy that works in the global economy. Since the recession will be accompanied by a nasty inflation as everything we have been buying cheaply rises in price, that will not be easy. Gasoline is the most noticeable and widespread canary in that mine shaft.
When you ask about the daily effect of the deficit, remember that the deficit has primarily long term effects. That's why it is harder to see what happens because of the deficit each day. It is the deficits of the past that directly effect today's jobs and prices. But the whole nasty package is now coming together in the looming recession and inflation. It will not be pleasant. Remember the late 70's and early 80's? Vietnam and economic mismanagement by the government gave us that period of stagflation, just as Iran and economic mismanagement is bringing us the current and impending set of economic problems.
We need to hope this time is no worse than the late 79's were, but I wouldn't count on it. We had a the world's reserve currency to help us then. This time the Euro is prepared to replace the dollar.
Hey! Maybe if we are lucky Hugo Chavez of Venezuela will give our poor more cheap fuel oil so that they don't freeze in the Winter for a few years until the American economy limps to some level of recovery.
November 18, 2007 1:39 PM | Reply | Permalink
I agree entirely that there are a lot of problems with our current distribution of income and wealth and that too many people have seen stagnant wages and declining benefits. I've escaped that by trading up jobs, plus I have had a couple of significant salary increases (8% or greater) with promotions in my jobs. My main gripe is not with my wages but with the terrible insecurity of today's economy. The reason I've traded up on jobs is because I've also been through three layoffs. But my caution was simply this: A message of "Your life sucks but we're here to help" will fall flat. People have a preferrence for optimism, and will respond better to a message of "We're going to make things better."
November 18, 2007 5:57 PM | Reply | Permalink
Didn't Smith predict monopolies, cartels, whatever they're called, and admit that they were not conducive to a healthy economy and should thus not be allowed or at least dissolved when they happened?
Like so many 'theories' that involve human behavior, laissez-faire capitalism sounds good, and would be so long as human beings didn't put it into practice.
November 19, 2007 8:17 AM | Reply | Permalink
Just as Socialism sounds good and would be so long as human beings didn't have to put it into practice.
November 19, 2007 10:37 AM | Reply | Permalink
Which tells you how painful it's been to be alive for these last seven years of rule by the Bush administration - not to mention a feckless Congress and a bootlicking Justice Department.
Teil-hard de Chardin, I think he's the one, believed that man would gradually evolve, always for the better, eventually reaching a kind of perfection, a sort of optimum being that would then be capable of creating an earthly utopia.
Frankly, I think we're devolving.
November 19, 2007 1:53 PM | Reply | Permalink
And then there's this:
Given the size of this state, this is a scary number. And it's going to get worse. The Providence Journal article linked above states that Heating Oil costs 81 cents per gallon more than last year--more than a gallon of gas, for that matter, at $ 3.18 a gallon. I'm wondering if there's a national clearinghouse for information of this kind. What say, Jared?
aMike
November 19, 2007 5:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
Don't think socialism. It has the same drawbacks that any large organization does - absentee management, top down communication, decisions made by routine in bureaucratic structures which are made by people at the top who have no real idea what the real workers are doing and what they have to do the get the job done.
Central planning in large organizations does not ever work well. It is characterized by poor decision-making, extreme rigidity of methods, and for big businesses, the substitution of the power of size for the ability to react to market signals.
Ford, GM and Wal-Mart aren't much more effective than government central planning is. None offer innovation, all are large because that allows them to function at lowest cost.
All large organizations, government and private, are inherently bad. They should be resorted to only when there is no option.
November 19, 2007 6:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
Large private companies will be ultimately driven out of business if they do not get their act together and deliver what people want. It is much more difficult to change entrenched government agencies.
November 19, 2007 7:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
Large organizations will not necessarily be driven out of business. An organization that attempts to manage any particular problem must be at least as large as the problem under management.
For railroads, that means there needs to be a single organization that manages any given rail network. The same is true for telephone networks (that's what is meant by 'natural monopoly.) Wal-Mart and Sears are examples of solutions to logistics problems that require very large organizations.
A problem that changes has to be managed by an organization that can identify the changes and react at least as rapidly as the changes occur, preferably more rapidly. If the problem has electronic communications (telegraph for railroads - digital computers for telephone networks - then the organization cannot be restricted to negotiations with different people in different parts of the problem. The speed of reaction factor eliminates the use of markets to control the overall problem. Markets are too slow and the flow of information for each transaction is too expensive. Such problems have to be handled administratively by power rather than by market negotiation. [Thus - business mergers. This is also what is meant by the U.S. military saying that they have to be able to react to the enemy so fast they they get inside the enemies' decision cycle.]
Governments are responsible for everything and everyone within the borders they manage. As long as the economy works slowly, small governments are enough, but with modern economies large governments are needed. This is why the nations of Europe have overcome centuries of distrust, wars, and different languages and joined into the European Union. The U.S. was fortunate that the states were all maritime states and needed to join together after the American Revolution. The older feudal institutions did not have to be destroyed first before solving the new problem.
European governments first grew larger because first - the largest army won wars, and second - the 30 Year's war proved that the army had to be full time and train between wars. This was expensive, so governments had to grow large enough to have enough individuals and businesses to tax to support full time permanent armies. Again, market negotiations were too slow to be useful, so power-based administrative decision-making was required.
This explains the need for large organizations. It does not justify the way such large organizations mistreat individuals. The genius of Liberalism as defined in the U.S. Constitution is the separation of powers to maker what government does visible to the public, and the Bill of Rights, which was a rough measure of protection for individuals from the required centralized government.
Notice that there is no similar law providing protection from management for individual employees in large business organizations. That's why unions are a necessity.
Smaller organizations - organizations built on a human scale - are better for individuals to exist in. But larger organizations are required for larger problems that require administrative control. We, as a society, have to find a reasonable separation of powers and systems of enforcing them that allow for the different sets of circumstances.
No argument based on the primitive concepts of Capitalism vs. Socialism offers any degree of hope for solutions.
November 20, 2007 2:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think the Socialism vs. Capitalism fit’s the argument very well.
As I understand your rambling screed, your premise is that large problems require large organizations, decisions must be made by administrators in anticipation of rapidly changing markets, and cannot afford to wait for negotiations and that governments are responsible for everything and everyone within its borders. Do I have that right?
That is the argument for state owned monopolies administered by expert planers, which is a good definition of Socialism. Capitalist think that competing organizations attempting to respond to market forces are more effective even though the organizations are large and potentially unwieldy and that governments are not responsible for everything and everyone but merely set and enforce the rules of commerce.
November 20, 2007 4:56 PM | Reply | Permalink
deleted
November 20, 2007 6:11 PM | Reply | Permalink
But the problem is allocating resources rather than just anticipating markets. A railroad network can only have a single control center to route trains. A steel mill can negotiate to buy iron ore and coal each time they need it, or one of the companies can buy the mill and the mines and avoid the very expensive transactions involved in market negotiations among the three separate firms. The issue isn't meeting market changes. It is lowering the cost of providing the goods or services so that other, smaller firms can't compete at the price.
There is no real difference between the old Woolworths and Wal-Mart - except that Wal-Mart has a centrally controlled logistics network that lowers the cost of transportation to the level that other firms cannot compete with.
The effects of transaction costs is described in Transaction cost economics.
The larger organizations become subject to rigid and bureaucratic decision making by managers who know less and less about the actual work being done as they move up the hierarchy of the organization, so innovation (except in methods of financing) tend to suffer.
The difference between private industry and government is that a private business can simplify the goods and services it produces by restricting the market they serve. I'm not part of Apple Computer's market because I am priced out of their products, and when I worked in Accounting everyone used MicroSoft Office on Intel machines. I'm just not part of the market Apply services. Their choice rather than mine. I don't fit their stereotype customer, the one they produce for.
Since government has to deal with and provide services to everyone in their geographic boundaries. They can't select an easy to serve market and ignore the rest. So government has to be large, and has to provide services on a one-size fits all basis, or something close to it. So governments create a hierarchy of organizations with each specializing in what it does, from federal government down to state, county, city and specialized organizations like Texas' railroad police.
Governments are automatically a lot more rigid than private business organizations, even the largest, because governments can't limit who they serve except geographically. That means that governments can't serve private markets well, but the techniques of managing organizations to serve private markets do not work well for managing government. That pretty much eliminates most socialistic enterprises.
Besides, the main force that drives government is power, while the main force that drives private business is profit.
I could also go into the difference that government has the power to tax and the money to operate the organizations is fed in mostly at the top by legislators, while private businesses have an administratively managed value chain that acquires the inputs of production (Land labor and capital) in a market transaction usually, then administratively adds value to the inputs by processing the inputs, and sells the results into another market. Note that the funds to operate the business from the final market transaction, but the rest is all done administratively (based on power) just like government.
Because the focus of a private business is a value chain, government central planners need not apply, so forget socialism. It was in theory supposed to apply to businesses, because government already worked reasonably well and the American and French revolutions gave a lot of people the idea that government could be controlled by the people. But Government can't run businesses, because what government does best usually means applying very standardized solutions to predefined problems (police, courts, national security, administering a single national health pool for insurance purposes (but not actually providing the services) etc.)
As I say, capitalism and socialism are much too simplified to begin to describe what is really happening.
November 20, 2007 7:28 PM | Reply | Permalink
I find your arguments difficult to follow, frankly. I guess we just have to disagree.
November 20, 2007 8:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'm thinking moving sidewalks, like on the Jetsons.
November 21, 2007 10:40 AM | Reply | Permalink
Sorry for the difficulty. My fault.
I am trying to apply organization theory rather than 19th century economics to a description of private business and government in society. There is a lot of information that most of the public is unaware of, and I am trying to summarize it and present it in comments on a blog.
Frankly, your questions have helped me to realize what I need to do in presentation of the ideas. Thanks.
Maybe it would clarify the presentation if I started out explaining why the different kinds of organizations were developed to meet different challenges, then focused on how each type of organization functioned differently internally.
And I haven't even stared to explain how business organizations work externally based on money measurements, but internally based on power and bureaucracy, while government organizations (being an older type organization and designed to meet different problems) operate primarily on power and information, as controlled by bureaucracy.
Only after that should I attempt to show how the different types of organization interact with each other, and with families and individuals.
I can see why you find the arguments hard to follow. Again, I'm sorry.
November 21, 2007 1:27 PM | Reply | Permalink