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Thanks to TPM Café for hosting this conversation. I enjoy reading these virtual exchanges. I’m sure I’ll enjoying taking part.

One of the most difficult things in writing about the Supreme Court is knowing what degree of cynicism to apply. In theory, of course, the justices are supposed to apply “the law,” which is, again in theory, a distinct entity from “politics.” Several of the justices (by no means all of them) still assert that a clear line can be drawn between the two, and the Court does its best to stick to law. As long ago as the 1930s, the Legal Realism movement began to break down these categories, but even all these years later, there’s no reliable measure for determining the true motives of the justices. My own effort to untangle the roots of Supreme Court decision-making is The Nine.

In assessing early reactions to the book, the question of motive seems to be among the most controversial issues about the Court. My general take on the subject is that there is there are few secret agendas at the Court. Few – probably no – Justices are using their votes and opinions as ruses to usher in a political agenda. Rather, I think lawyers and law professors generally underestimate how political most legal judgments are. There is no need for a secret agenda, but the explicit one is political enough. The conservatives on the Court advance the political and ideological interests of the Republican Party; the liberals support the Democratic agenda. I am, in general, suspicious that there is any island of “law” that can be separated from politics. For the most part, the Justices are not writing one thing and thinking another.

Importantly – crucially -- Bush v. Gore may be an exception to this pattern. This may be the case where there was subterfuge. The opinion of the majority was so different from their customary views on important subjects – like Federalism and equal protection – that it is reasonable to conclude that the decision was little more than an attempt to seal the election for the Republican.

In any event, those are some initial thoughts, and I welcome the chance to discuss my book, and the Court, with you.


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That was a most tactful next to last paragraph. You could have pointed out that the court violated the Constitution in a most basic manner with that Bush vs Gore decision. You could have pointed out the personal benefit to members of the court in reaching the decision that they made. And, you could have pointed out that the court made a decision that would ensure the continuation of the conservative majority in the court. But, your tactful comment, even going so far as to omit a letter "t", was a good one.

I will be haunting my local library looking for this book.

Hoppy in Sacramento


I guess that the "powers that be" know this because of the 4-5 decisons that don't imply that a moral conclusion was made. In general, many of our institutions have become "make work programs" that don't do much.

To boldly go...

To clarify for the slower ones.

letter t, seal=steal

Thoughts on Clarence Thomas?
Man or sock puppet?
Intellectual or well-trained "seal"?
Still a pervert?
Deserving of the moniker "Uncle Tom"?

I look forward to your book.

Few – probably no – Justices are using their votes and opinions as ruses to usher in a political agenda.

Definitely at least one, and an important one. Chief Justice John Roberts has said that he sees not rights for abortion in the Constitution when he knows (or ought to know) darn well that the Constitution is not intended to be, and is not, a compendium of American rights. Therefore his stated opinion indicates a desire to mandate his political/religious agenda, suggesting the unfortunate coming overturn of Roe v Wade.

I've just purchased your work, and I must say the opening chapter grabbed my attention. I'm wondering if O'Connor regrets her vote on Bush v Gore.

Few – probably no – Justices are using their votes and opinions as ruses to usher in a political agenda.... Importantly – crucially -- Bush v. Gore may be an exception to this pattern. This may be the case where there was subterfuge. The opinion of the majority was so different from their customary views on important subjects – like Federalism and equal protection – that it is reasonable to conclude that the decision was little more than an attempt to seal the election for the Republican.

It's this sort of contemplative moral relativism that gives the left a bad name and gives the right a free ride.

Look, let me make this simple: If a woman only once in a while has sex for money, then she's still a prostitute committing acts of prostitution.

If an upstanding man of integrity feels at liberty to occasionally toss that integrity into the bushes... then he has no integrity.

What's your argument? That in 99% of cases, Scalia acts as a principled jurist? in 85%? 75%? 66%? In 51% of cases, Scalia acts with integrity in pursuit of truth and virtue as he sees them without attempting to advance his own gut level partian political agenda? Or perhaps in 33% of cases? 10%?

What rational foundation is left to have your discussion, once you concede that Bush vs Gore is a corrupt political decision?

I listened to your interview on Fresh Air last week, and you made one comment that was troubling to me. In discussing the decisions and state-of-mind of Sandra Day O'Connor, Terry Gross asked you about your sourcing for what you were describing. Your response was (and I'm paraphrasing from memory), "You're just going to have to trust me on that."

My question is why should we trust you on that? I think a very good case can be made that the American people have been seriously harmed in recent years by journalists using anonymous sourcing to disseminate misinformation and engage in character assassination. While I don't think Justice O'Connor's emotional state or decision-making process about her personal life rise to the level of the Valerie Plame incident, for example, nonetheless, any journalist who uses the "you'll just have to trust me" approach with their sources in this era of journalistic frivolity and untrustworthiness harms his or her own credibility.

In a broad sense, I can see some value of anonymous sourcing for certain kinds of stories, but I've reached the point where I feel burned so often by these sources that any journalist who uses them raises doubts with me, rather than provides illumination. I found the Fresh Air interview interesting and I think it's clear you've done compelling work. But at this point, that comment killed my willingness to buy your book.

If I'm alone in this, so be it. But I am interested in your thoughts on this, and I'm certainly open to having my mind changed.

Anything in the book, or any comment, about the overwhelmingly useless, it'd-be-funny-if-not-so-pathetic charade that is the Senate SCOTUS confirmation hearing process? 

 

"Thank God George Bush is our president." -Rudy Giuliani

I'm curious to know if Bush v Gore and subsequent cases/issues have affected the personal relationships among the justices. I've read that Scalia and Ginsberg (and their spouses) had at one time the closest social relationship on the Court. Still true (if it ever was)?

Also, I seem to remember some political gossip that Scalia was muttering about resigning if Kerry won in '04. What's his state now? I gather that Souter, Ginsberg and Stephens are hanging on till January '08. Will El Nino go away if the Republicans lose (please God!) in '08?

Rather, I think lawyers and law professors generally underestimate how political most legal judgments are.

You're kidding right? Does this mean when a judge presiding over a criminal trial makes a legal judgment in response to a motion from the prosecution or defense, most of the time his legal judgment involves politics? You really can't be serious right?

Great point, wonderfully made.

Reminds me of the joke about the man and the goat.

I've never heard that one. Tell me the joke about the man and the goat.

Valdron, you're not responding to what he actually wrote. The talk of weighing 51% vs 67%, deciding what level counts as integrity, and why the whole question isn't a sign of moral relativism is heated, but he's doing nothing of the sort. He's saying quite plainly that he disagrees with the image of the court as politically motivated but believes that the court (or at least its majority) betrayed its principles on that case. Without knowing how many votes each has cast, I don't know if that means 99.7% or 99.8% percent, but presumably either way he means it as a blanket statement and not one subject to playing with numbers.

You're entitled to say that one sellout like that is more than enough. I know I would. You're also entitled to distrust his report, in light of how votes on federalism so often seem to shift with desired outcome. Again, I sure would. But give the guy a fair chance, before you sound like Maureen Dowd.

John

http://www.haberarts.com/

Do you see any contradictions between originalism and current conservative theory? For example, corporations were not not in the original intent of the writers of the Constitution.

He probably should have added the proviso "in closely divided Supreme Court decisions involving hotly disputed aspects of constitutional law," as I think that's what he really meant.

A lot of big-shot GOP appointees to the fed courts think they are worth millions and can't stand the relatively low salaries that fed judges receive compared to top law firm partners and general counsels for big corporations.

They are also part of the twisted conservative viewpoint that does not value public service and thinks that government work is for dummies (and thus that it was a good idea for the GOP to run a figurehead idiot for President).

Wonder if that is how Scalia feels?

Just want to take the opportunity to thank you for your journalistic work. Since the days of the Clinton impeachment, I've trained myself to look up and listen when you're the talking head on the tube and to look for your articles in The New Yorker, etc. I don't think I've ever been ill-served by doing that, in fact, I think you've saved me a lot of time reading through or listening to lots of crap.

The NYT review provides some good reasons for why that is and also strongly speculates that O'Connor is among the handful of justices who spoke to Mr. Toobin.

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/23/books/review/Margolick-t.html?em&ex=1190779200&en=bd1e402517951ec0&ei=5087%0A

He also has a good track record if you go back and read his writings. Here is the other Times review.

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/21/books/21book.html?ref=books&pagewanted=print

You need to read University of Chicago Law Professor Cass Sunstein's writings on judicial minimalism, which is probably the least partisan and ideological decision-making system for a modern Supreme Court justice.

Also, you should look at the hypocrisy of Scalia's decisions on the Violence Against Women Act, on Drug-Free School Zones, and on medical marijuana.

Toobin:

(1) I am, in general, suspicious that there is any island of “law” that can be separated from politics.

(2) Bush v. Gore may be an exception to this pattern. This may be the case where there was subterfuge.

If 'the law' cannot be separated from politics, than the law is nothing but subterfuge, 'a trick or deception used in order to achieve one’s goal'.

Jeff,

Do you think that Clarence Thomas gave false testimony during his confirmation hearings?
In the years since, it appears almost certain - at least to me - that he gave untrue answers to questions that he should have been able to easily respond to. Specifically, his statements on Anita Hill and his familiarity with pornography are two of the most obvious areas. There are other issues that arise, if you read the books like Strange Justice or David Brock's books on the subject. I'm sure you are even more familiar with some of the other concerns about his credibility.
So, do you believe that he did give false testimony? And if you do, is there any possibility at all that Democrats may one day raise this as an issue?

Frank

I will run right out and get this book -I am sorry I missed the Terry Gross interview. I actually became a bornagaindemocrat during the election recount fiasco and couln't believe how little I heard in the media (even from NPR) about the historical precedents and what should have been the proceedure. And when the Supreme Court decided as it did I couldn't believe it. I was in in restaurant in San Francisco attending a conference when my spouse told me on the phone about the decision and my loud outburst required an explanation to the rest of the patrons of what had happened. It was like the JFK assassination all over again- Do you remember where you were when you heard.....So the Supreme Court as it was as is constituted is an extremely important subject to me.

The most disappointing person on the court is of course Sandra Day O'conner. To have been the first woman justice and to have the Bush v Gore decision be your final legacy is horrifying. More importantly to be replaced by yet another Italian-american, catholic, anti-choice, anti-personal freedom (except as relates to property) candidate is a slap in the face to the 50% of americans that are women.

I couldn't agree more that there is no separation of your politics from your decisions and that the justices except in their confirmation hearings do not hide their agenda. So why the pretence. Since congress gets to approve the appointments to the Supreme Court shouldn't they use that power to force the president to send a moderate nominee? It is valid to ask nominees how they feel about issues and if they won't answer the question to simply say that is not good enough. Most importantly I would like to see a lot more appointments of people who may not have been judges all their lives. I think the questions that are important to our society and that the Supreme Court handles are ones that can be decided properly by wise older statesmen etc and it has been a loss to our country that we no longer do that .

This is the fundamental difference between judicial "conservatives" and the sane world: the former sees the protections in the Constitution (including the Bill of Rights) as an exclusive list. The only possible philosophical backing for this would be their view that rights are bestowed to the people by the government -- Hobbes' Leviathan. This is in direct conflict with the more mainstream Locke/Jefferson philosophy expressed in the Declaration if Independence, which maintains our rights are "inalienable" and "endowed by our Creator."
This places much of the Roberts/Scalito/Thomas agenda, along with the Bush administration's actions -- torture, scuttling habeas corpus, The Patriot Act, the unitary executive scheme, etc. -- in a logical and frightening framework: The government may do whatever it wants for any reason or no reason at all.
It is hard to picture Barry Goldwater signing on to this line of thinking.
These people pose a threat to the basic idea of American freedoms and, hence, the basic idea of America itself. In this way, it is difficult not to see their actions as impeachable, if not outright treasonous.

Mr Toobin certainly doesn't need me to interpret for him, but I've been on enough juries to absolutely believe that politics (or ideology, if you prefer) factors into many, and probably most, decisions. It's often pretty easy to tell, and is often explicit, how the judge feels about the drugwar, defendants' rights, "victims' rights", the correlation between socioeconomic class and race with "respectability", for example. I'm surprised you think it could be otherwise, at least until we start replacing judges with computers (with catastrophic results).

The first link doesn't work and it is a good review, so here it is again. Thanks, om.

Meet the Supremes.

What you need is sustained outrage...there's far too much unthinking respect given to authority. Molly Ivins

Hoping that this isn't too tangential, I'd like to broaden the "you're just going to have to trust me on that" from legal journalism to the legal profession itself. I've had considerable experience with medical quality control as well as medical malpractice. Until I started dealing with a state Bar disciplinary committee, I never realized how transparent and open medical oversight can be.

That last was only slightly sarcastic, but I speak fluent Doctor and can often do the secret handshake (or whatever) to get people to speak frankly. On some occasions, all it took was a properly phrased word to a respected physician about a colleague, sometimes in the same organization and sometimes just in the same area of practice. A properly phrased comment got a "He did WHAT?" and often a prompt action.

While I need to renew, I've been an associate member of the American Bar Association, and, while clearly not an attorney, have gotten fairly deeply into some specialized areas, such as healthcare, intellectual property, and information security & privacy. Through this experience, I apparently have become a semi-acceptable legal writer.

In the particular ethics situation, another party and I were harmed. The other party attempted to force their attorney to withdraw, under ABA Model Rule of Professional Responsibility 1.16, and the attorney ignored the request. When the request was redirected to the state Bar disciplinary office, the request, which was not written as a legal document, was returned, with the party told that another lawyer had to be hired to fire the first.

When I phrased the letter in more appropriate language, there was not the same brushoff; it soon rose through two levels of review, and the attorney in question, after ignoring a client for several years, suddenly sent a draft Motion of Withdrawal with a form asking for client approval.

After some additional exchanges of documentation, including an almost ludicrously emotional response from the attorney in question, we sent some procedural questions to the Bar representative. These concerned such matters as whether we should suggest to the Bar that they subpoena certain records, and if they needed an additional affidavit for that. In response, there was what I would call an angry letter, stating they were not there to give legal advice, and, above all, they would not comment about the internal procedures of the office or the disciplinary process. I emphasize the process itself, not proceedings under it.

As I hope you see, that drive to secrecy resonated with matters being discussed here. There is evidence that in a region of a state, judges and attorneys have been ignoring statute in preference to custom. The Bar has indicated that it will give no information on any hearings or other activities unless it chooses to do so.

Any comment about whether the legal profession itself, magnificently equipped to do so, has managed to cloak itself in secrecy like no other profession?

--
Howard

*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*

"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" [George Santayana]

I disagree. Citing a percentage of integrity is intended to expose how hollow his point is.

What's he really saying? That the Supreme Court members behave with some level of integrity, except when they choose not too?

Give me a break.

I don't know the joke about the man and the goat. But I do know the joke about the woman who will sleep with a man for a million dollars.

Integrity which is dependent upon the stakes at play is not integrity at all.

The Court is corrupt and capricious.

Beneath the robes, they are naked.

I gather that Souter, Ginsberg and Stephens are hanging on till January '08.

 

Let's hope they all hang on through at least January of '09!

I am sorry I missed the Terry Gross interview.

Go here, click the "Listen" button. (A long excerpt from Chapter 1 is available there, too.)

D'OH!!

most anyone who studies the courts understands the fundamentally political nature of the judiciary. i think toobin underestimates the estimations of law professors in this. if the judiciary is tasked with interpreting the law, it only follows that jurists' political philosophies (ideology) will inform those interpretations. and if politics at its most fundamental level is determining who gets what and how (a decidedly political science-y definition to be sure), then all legal judgments are by definition political. but more than that, because party affiliation is an expression of political philosophy, it follows that regardless of the judicial selection system used - some being less overtly partisan (the missouri plan) than others (direct partisan election) - the overwhelming majority of legal judgments follow party lines. the supreme court is no different from lower courts in this except that the lower the courts, the less room there is for legal interpretation (and therefor less room for political philosophy to inform decisions). but what makes the bush v gore decision interesting (outrageous) is that political philosophy (ideology) was pushed aside in order to make room for overt party affiliation to determine the decision.

there is no trick or deception. law is explicitly an attempt to achieve one's (or coalitions of 'one's') goal.

=== The NYT review provides some good reasons for why that is and also strongly speculates that O'Connor is among the handful of justices who spoke to Mr. Toobin. ===
The problem is that Ms. O'Conner's alleged remarks at the Washington DC cocktail party the evening that the Bush vs. Gore situation started to emerge were reported once very briefly and then flushed down the memory hole, never to be mentioned again much less investigated. Yet if those initial reports were accurate then nothing that Ms. O'Conner has said since can be trusted. So we as Citizens are left not knowing who or what to trust including both the Supremes and the press.
.
sP

'investigated'?? by whom? for what?

Here ya' go!


A Scottish old timer in Scotland, in a bar, talking to a young man.

The Old Man says, "Lad, look out there to the field. Do ya see that fence? Look how well it's built. I built that fence stone by stone with me own two hands. I piled it for months."

"But do they call me McGreggor-the-Fence-Builder? Nooo..."

Then the old man gestured at the bar. "Look here at the bar. Do ya see how smooth and just it is? I planed that surface down by me own achin' back. I carved that wood with me own hard labour, for eight days."

"But do they call me McGreggor-the-Bar-builder? Nooo..."

Then the old man points out the window. "Eh, Laddy, look out to sea...Do ya see that pier that stretches out as far as the eye can see? I built that pier with the sweat off me back. I nailed it board by board."

"But do they call me McGreggor-the-Pier-Builder? Nooo..."

Then the old man looks around nervously, trying to make sure no one is paying attention.

"But ya fuck one goat..."

Amos,
I agree, but we don't need philosophy or even the DOI (although it's helpful, as you indicate). The amended Constitution is clear.

Amendment IX - Construction of Constitution. Ratified 12/15/1791.

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Thank you so much!  I am tired and worn out from a terrible day at work.  I went over the paragragh and was too brain-dead to see it.

Hoppy, just go ahead and say it next time!  Have pity!

Jan

Don,
Very true. Unfortunately, Constitutional clauses seem to be increasingly viewed as the seeds of actionable ideas rather than actionable ideas themselves. They do not kick in until:
a)someone sues the government, and
b)resulting rulings and subsequent jurisprudential development tells the world what the Constitutional language really means.
This seems to be so even when dealing with language as plain and clear as Amendment IX (Case in point -- Amendment IV, which would have provided Roe v. Wade with more solid backing than only IX and XIV offer and brought to a halt many of Bush's Patriot Act and MCA abuses, has, for some mysterious reason, done neither).
Litigation, anyone?

oh, my god!  I tried to tell that joke and I forgot that he had built all of the other structures!  Thanks for reminding me how it goes!  I love to tell it with an accent!  (the last time I told it it fell flat because I forgot that important little point!)

My friend's son told it at a Thanksgiving dinner with grandparents etc.  It also fell flat!

Ahhhhh---the risk of bein funny!

Jan

.> 'investigated'?? by whom? for what?

Why by those wonderfully deep and thorough reporters of the traditional media, who else? I assume you are familiar with the report; it certainly raised some Constitutional concerns for me even before it became clear Ms. O'Conner would be voting on Bush vs. Gore.

sPh

Importantly – crucially -- Bush v. Gore may be an exception to this pattern. This may be the case where there was subterfuge. The opinion of the majority was so different from their customary views on important subjects – like Federalism and equal protection – that it is reasonable to conclude that the decision was little more than an attempt to seal the election for the Republican.

I have a modest proposal that should focus the attention and analysis of the Citizens towards politics in an entertainment way and increases the participation in voting. It will attempt to also attempt the almost impossible. It will keep politics as honest as any American sport!

What I am talking about is assigning legislation to each game for the sport in season that is followed in Vegas. Every bet has a requirement that 5%, in the beginning, must be an up or down vote on the legislation.

No profession is better a drawing a line in the sand than bookies! This will encourage the increase in knowledge about the political process. Money, not soft war issues are on the line now!

It will keep the politics of sport honest. Everyone knows what happens to those who throw games. Politicians will not surprise these professionals with late night deals
against the public spread. There is a grave and deep consequence for cheating.

What a game, what a life, what a line, money talks
everything else walks and is unimportant.

Together, by forming a Political Gambling Community,
the Citizens can bet for good government!


-----------------------------------------------
Today, are we searching for I deals or Ideals?
-Thinking

I'd love to hear an answer to this question Mr. Toobin.
Could you take a minute and reply please?

Another great question I would like to see answered. Mr. Toobin? This is an interactive medium so could you please answer?

Amos,
But isn't it a shame that the "strict constructionists" don't even understand the concept of inherent rights. If you and I get it, why can't these "experts"? It's basic to who we are.

And I'm also disappointed that Toobin doesn't care about it this issue either, apparently.*sigh*

ok. i wasn't sure that you weren't proposing a formal/legal inquiry.

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