Did Low Taxes Make the Democratic Party Safe for the Rich?
Another reason I found Chait's Republican class war thesis implausible is that current data shows a strong shift toward Democratic party identification among the wealthy. An April 2007 Pew Research survey found "Democrats pulling even with Republicans among registered voters with annual family incomes in excess of roughly $135,000 per annum." The wealthy remain more likely to vote for Republicans than the poor. However, if you're just looking at the wealthy, they're now as much a Democratic as a Republican group.
Andrew Gelman, a political scientist at Columbia, has observed that the wealthiest states now tilt Democratic. (His paper on this is charmingly subtitled, "What's the Matter with Connecticut?") Wealthy counties in the South are still likely to lean Republican. However, in what Gelman calls "media center states", such as New York, California, Washington, DC and its adjoining states, wealthy communities are dominated by Democrats.
If the Republicans have, over the years, become a party increasingly identified with the economic interests of the rich, then why are the rich moving to the Democratic party? If Chait is right, this is a puzzle. Probably, Chait is not right.
First, the rich it seems aren't really worried that Democratic majorities will vote in punitive tax rates to fund massive redistribution. Second, and more importantly, the self-interested voter hypothesis appears to be false in general, as political scientists have amply demonstrated, which should make us skeptical of class-interest theories of partisan political developments, like Chait's, on empirical grounds. People seem to vote dominantly for ethical and expressive reasons (however ill-conceived many of those reasons may be).
Still, when the top marginal tax rate is in the 70 or even 50 percent range, it's hard to swallow the idea that the people who are taxed at the highest rate won't, as a class, at least tend to prefer a policy of lower taxes. So even if self-interest isn't everything in the voting booth, really high top rates might be enough to keep the wealthy tilting toward the party that promises to cut them. However, if the top rate comes down far enough, and both parties agree to leave the rate more or less alone, the balance between self-interested, ethical, and expressive reasons for voting among the rich will shift.
This won't be enough to lure rich Christians in the South and the Heartland away from a GOP that reflects their views on deeply-held moral issues. But it seems plausible that taking the pressure off pecuniary self-interest could have had a fairly big effect on the less socially conservative rich on the "media center" coasts. If it did, Democrats should consider giving Reagan, Clinton, and even those wacky supply-siders credit for their joint achievement: making the Democratic Party safe for the rich.












Comments (28)
Gee, Will, are you as dumb as you sound? '
I kind of take the evolution of John Dean as emblematic of what may be going on here. Dean said, earlier this week,
In other words, while economic self-interest may be a powerful motivator, it may be outweighed by heaping does of less powerful motivators. Just a thought.
September 14, 2007 5:17 PM | Reply | Permalink
Did you ever consider that the primary factors in voting and party identification might be other than economic class identification?
How can any educated person support the party of intelligent design? Is the Iraq war not of some importance? Ever heard of global warming?
Dogmatic approaches to history are always flawed as they must be.
Best, Terry
September 14, 2007 11:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
"If the Republicans have, over the years, become a party increasingly identified with the economic interests of the rich, then why are the rich moving to the Democratic party? If Chait is right, this is a puzzle. Probably, Chait is not right."
Chait is correct, and it is not a puzzle. Wealthy states are not wealthy individuals. If you break down voting patterns by income and wealth, you will find that high-earning, wealthy people tend to vote republican.
The Rich vote republican
September 16, 2007 6:25 AM | Reply | Permalink
Sorry don'tknow how to make the link work
http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~cook/movabletype/archives/2004/11/what_does_the_2.html
September 16, 2007 6:25 AM | Reply | Permalink
If this essay was written with sincerity, Mr. Wilkinson, it provides a strong indication that you at least, and perhaps the Right in general, have lost contact with reality.
If it was written otherwise, sir, it provides another strong indication that you at least, and perhaps the Right in general, have lost contact with integrity.
Without even raising the topic of Iraq, others' comments above provide more than enough justification for my conclusion, so I will not bore you with repetition. You would be either unable (see paragraph 1) or unwilling (see paragraph 2) to assimilate the concepts anyway.
September 16, 2007 6:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
They're "catching up" because they've always been behind. And because Bush has proved a disaster for the right. Does it prove that Democratic proposals favored the rich all along? That wouldn't be a legitimate deduction, whether it is true or not. And would that further prove that right-wing policies have favored the poor and middle class all along? Interesting logic....
Or maybe it's supposed to prove that the right never sold people a bill of goods, because now they're losing voters. Chait's merely trying to account for past policy successes. Since Wilkinson has previously indicated his support for those policies, I presume he doesn't deny that they ever existed. (Oh, what tax cuts?) I'm sure there's some logical fallacy that hasn't yet been co-opted for the cause, and I hope Wilkinson posts again so that I've the needed refresher course in such things.
John
http://www.haberarts.com/
September 16, 2007 7:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
Has it occurred to you that perhaps they look upon the republicans as being like having the 3 Stooges hang their wall paper. Yes, they're working for you, but to your betterment? Maybe the perception is coming to them that having the economy work for you like it did in the 90s is better than having the tax system woking for you.. Better to keep 70% of $100000 than 80% of $70000.
dc
September 16, 2007 7:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
Oh gee, a household making $135,000 in Connecticut isn't really what any rational person could possibly consider wealthy considering the cost of living here.
Now, if they lived in say, Alabama, they might be, but apparently you just like to ignore the obvious in favor of politicking.
As far as "the wealthy" in this country go, if you said households that made $1,350,000 a year were "becoming democrats" I might consider that you have a point. Your argument breaks down when you talk about the ACTUAL wealthy in this country. They make seven figures, not six.
BTW, although Connecticut is considered the most "conservative" of New England States, it has ALWAYS tilted Democratic. Always. Considering the size of it, it's quite obvious why you chose it for your "example."
CSPAN junkies visit http://spannerbackup.ipbhost.com
September 16, 2007 7:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'd go with both. There really isn't much to this, is there.
September 16, 2007 8:41 AM | Reply | Permalink
Chait's argument is more complicated than that. He's saying that the tax code over the last 25 years has created an uber-wealthy class that has a lot of power and uses it to protect their own interests. That class doesn't really include people with six figure incomes in Connecticut or even 7 figure net worths (including home values) on the coasts. In the current economy you can be doing well (ie better than average) but still find yourself struggling. You might still identify more closely with Democrats than with the party of the oligarchs. Among the uber-wealthy there are few liberals. Warren Buffett is more the exception than the rule. But here's the truth -- a well paid manager at AIG who is doing better than the average American still has way more in common with somebody making $40k a year than they do with former AIG CEO Hank Greenberg. The difference in wealth is that dramatic.
thosethingswesay.blogspot.com
September 16, 2007 9:46 AM | Reply | Permalink
Greenspan's book apparently speaks well of Clinton. Maybe the rich are attracted to the Democratic Party because it has become the Republican Party - more conservative than Nixon and effectively foreclosing any possibility of greater gains for the poor or working class.
September 16, 2007 10:40 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think that this is precisely the point that Wilkinson is making. Wealthy people are voting for reasons other than the desire to protect their wealth, contrary to Chaits thesis. The fact that the wealthy trust that Democrats will do nothing to seriously threaten their wealth makes it safe to do so.
September 16, 2007 11:13 AM | Reply | Permalink
deleted
September 16, 2007 11:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think this is exactly Will's point. Why does he sound dumb?
September 16, 2007 11:21 AM | Reply | Permalink
Actually I think it is as simple as that.
The Republican/Democrat divide has become much more a cultural war than a class war. Neither party is about to embark on a serious income redistribution agenda, despite their rhetoric, whether it is from the “uber-wealthy” of conspiracy theories or someone making a six digit income.
September 16, 2007 11:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
The day that we get public financing of elections will be the day that I consider there could be a difference between the party elites on corporate and individual tax policy. Until then, both Republicans and Democrats will maintain favorable taxation terms for the already wealthy. Though D.C. Democrats campaign on 'real change', once elected and looking toward re-election, they will deliver only table scraps to the non-wealthy. Money trumps votes, in fact, in our media age of 'packaging candidates', money creates images that create votes. This is the reality which is especially nuanced and hidden throughout the blur of rhetoric during election seasons.
I remember all the Democratic candidates at one forum this summer speaking of the need for public financing, but I see that none of them have put out a detailed proposal to bring about such public financing. The candidates themselves will not again broach the subject unless asked in a future forum because, rigged as the election system is toward millions needed for campaigns, such a subject is suicidal. It is like saying you'll sit down and play at a game of poker, knowing that some players already have the money-purchased aces up their sleeves.
At least Obama was honest to say he knew he was swimming in muddy waters...........
September 16, 2007 11:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
So who will allocate those public funds for campaigns? Won't it be people appointed from the two major parties, subject to the influence of the wealthy?
September 16, 2007 11:50 AM | Reply | Permalink
Well, maybe it would be simpler to just have the wealthy appoint a House of Lords and we could dispense with the House of Commons altogether.
September 16, 2007 11:52 AM | Reply | Permalink
I’m not sure what your point is, but if you think that tax policy and regulations are being made to benefit the wealthy, why don’t you think that public finances for campaigns would not be made to benefit the wealthy as well?
September 16, 2007 11:59 AM | Reply | Permalink
They would be. I'm saying unless and until we have Americans demanding a political party that is working for the common good, we might as well write off democracy because we seem to be content to live in a plutocracy obediently waiting for a little to trickle down and if it doesn't well it must be our fault for asking for too much.
September 16, 2007 12:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
I assume by common good you mean a party that will implement a massive wealth redistribution policy to your benefit. Doesn't your representative, s Democrat, advocate such policies?
September 16, 2007 12:39 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: If the Republicans have, over the years, become a party increasingly identified with the economic interests of the rich
Because that truism is no longer true. Thge old Eisenhower-Rockefeller GOp was the party of the upper classes. Today's GOP is not. It has become the party of a number of radical (and dangerously illiberal) movements, from the Amerika Uber Alles nationalism of the Neocons to the theofascism of the Religious Right. The upper classes are no longer very well represented by the GOP and so are beginning to abandon it.
September 16, 2007 1:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
That is Wilkinson's point, but it is not contrary to Chait's thesis. Chait's thesis is that the main goal of the Republican party has been to redistribute wealth upward, not that people vote Republican because they understand and agree with that goal.
In fact, the whole point of Chait's argument is that people don't agree with this goal, and that's why Republicans must continually use false arguments and distractions (like "tax cuts increase revenue") to obscure their actual goals.
You can agree or disagree with his thesis, but it does seem, as Chait puts it, "confused" to argue that people are voting Republican for reasons other than to protect their wealth, and then think that that refutes Chait's point.
September 16, 2007 1:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
Politics is ALWAYS about redistributing wealth. What do you think the "trickle down" theory was all about? If they'd meant waterfall they wouldn't have said trickle. Nope, it was all about making sure there was a nice big dam to prevent anything but a trickle from being "redistributed" away from those with the power make the rules in the interests of a few.
I do have the rare Congressman who is actually a liberal but the Democrat representing me in the Senate might as well be a Republican.
September 16, 2007 1:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
Isn't there a possibility that most people simply don't agree with you and that public financing of some other party will simply make no difference"
September 16, 2007 2:50 PM | Reply | Permalink
Actually the Taft wing of the Republican Party that featured the like of Joe McCarthy was always a potent force in the Republican Party.
Yeah, they are attempting a takeover of the Democratic Party with the Clintons and other "moderates."
Best, Terry
September 16, 2007 5:50 PM | Reply | Permalink
Go ahead. Ignore the statisics on the trends in wealth distribution over the past 25 years. Or, even worse, acknowledge them and contend this has little to do with what's gone down in respect to politics.
You obviously love being obtuse. Or, what do you call it?
Kevin Russell Cook
September 16, 2007 10:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Joshua Marshall had a comment up after the 2006 elections talking about how the professional classes are abandoning the Republican party for its crass ideological and un-professional nature.
The loyalty first, faith based policy making grates on professionals' nerves, because they are forced to work in a meritocracy where rules and procedures matter. In a way, the new republicans offend the American upper middle class' sensibility. Since this is the class that is the most politically active, well it's a electoral sea change in the making.
Supply side economics and tax cuts fall into the 'faith based' policy making and are helping to drive this alienation between republicans and professionals. Do top marginal rates below 40% help the Democrats in removing an irritant with this class? Absolutely, but they are only a part of the story, in my estimation one tenth. Republican 'madness' is more important.
September 17, 2007 7:58 AM | Reply | Permalink