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How Big a Tent?

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Todd Gitlin does a great service by dwelling at some length on the structural differences between the Republican (bulldozer) and Democratic (big tent) coalitions. In particular, attention to these matters helps elevate the notion that Democrats must be a big tent from the level of cliché to substantive analysis.

However, it is precisely consideration of this fact that leads me to sometimes doubt whether we are really, as liberals often say these days, at the dawn of a bold new era of progressive politics. In particular, one should give a cold-eyed look to the question of how big a successful Democratic tent needs to be. The current Democratic majority appears to rest on the shoulders of marginal members who believe the president should have unlimited powers of domestic surveillance irrespective of the constitution, that the war in Iraq should be continued indefinitely, and that hedge fund managers should pay lower tax rates than their secretaries.

The previous Democratic Senate majority of 2001-2002 rested at the margin on members who believed that a gigantic tax cut for the wealthiest Americans was the best use of the budget surplus.

In part, perhaps, this merely reflects the fact that we're talking about narrow majorities. At the same time, by historical standards the current version of the Democratic big tent is actually rather large. During the Democratic Party's midcentury high tide, liberals found themselves in a tent large enough to encompass a substantial caucus of white supremacists.

Which isn't to say that Todd is wrong to say that Democrats need to be a big tent. It is, however, to observe that while Democratic majorities come and go, true working majorities for liberalism are extremely rare. An absurdly large proportion of progressive policy breakthroughs occurred in the 1933-34 and 1965-66 periods -- two of the rare and fleeting moments when it was possible to secure a majority with a tent that wasn't so big as to make it impossible to deliver major policy accomplishments.


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1964 -- Civil Rights Bill -- The "Yes-No" Vote

Senate Democrats: 46-22 (68%-32%)

Senate Republicans: 27-6 (82%-18%)

House Democrats: 153-91 (63%-37%)

House Republicans: 136-35 (80%-20%)

Guess we must have let a bunch of them nasty Republicans into our big tent, eh wot?

In my experience very few people among those who care about and follow public affairs know those numbers.

Of course that was back in the day when there were reasonable and even moderately progressive Republicans in Washington (not to mention ones who saw self-interested reasons to help the Democrats crack up over civil rights, and, a little later under Nixon, a quotas version of affirmative action). Not many elected officials of that sort left at the national level.

And past time to take those seats away from Collins and Snowe.

Ok, so, you don't like his list? Then what are some things that should be added/subtracted? Where do you yourself draw the line at inclusiveness? Saying you don't need no white supremacists is quite easy to do here and now in 2007. Might not have been so easy back in 1963. History is dandy, but what about the future?

The tent doesn't have big enough to hold the racists, creationists and let's not forget the damn war hawks who are currently holding sway in the Dem party it seems. And no LieberDems!! And no Bush dogs!!

The issue isn't progressive politics in the past. It's progressive politics now. And now... "big tent" does seem to mean bowing to Republicans on issues like the war in Iraq and on domestic issues like same sex marriage and violent video games.

To put it short: in the modern era, Joe Lieberman is the "big tent" and the Washington pundits like David Broder support him. I'll have none of that.

That said, there is room for a broader view on our side. Matt Y says that the congressional majorities of 2001-2003 were forged by people who thought that rich people should get tax cuts. I think he's wrong. You would probably find a lot of people who identify themselves as left of center who think that taxes should be cut across the board. I'd even agree with them that taxes are, in general, too high. But, they would pay for those tax cuts by cutting expenditures, particularly by the Pentagon. Democrats could campaign on tax cuts too. Most people probably agree that we could cut taxes right now if we reigned in our military spending.

thosethingswesay.blogspot.com

That is a very sober and sound analysis, Matthew. I agree with it but would add one small caveat - which your own post sort of signals - if, as you point out, there are brief and rare intervals when the USA forms enough of a consensus to put thru some significant progressive changes, it seems they tend to stick around for a long time. Probably because they resonate in a big way with a big number of people. Thus, even if the USA does not arrive at "a new era," there may still be a brief but significant period of change that sticks around for an era.

Now, in case I sound too Goldilocks, the one caveat to my caveat is that it is really the overall state of the economy that determines whether a progressive program can be funded and thus will stick. And the fiscal / demographic outlook for the next 40 years or so is not terribly encouraging in that respect - in the US or other developed Western nations. Hopefully medical technology will bail us out by developing inexpensive cures for chronic or expensive diseases, thereby making more people more productive in the economy and reducing the growing claims they will make on the working population during that time.

"The creationists," that probably includes a heckuva lot of churchgoing African-Americans who vote Dem regular as rain. You want to yell at them straight out they are not welcome or can this be a little more subtle of a thing?

Very good post. I have two comments. One, just as an absurdly large proportion of liberal achievements happened in 1933-34 and 1964-66, so a similarly high share of right-wing achievements happened in 1981-82 and 2001-2003. If you look back at the GOP from Harding's return to normalcy in 1921 through to Gerald Ford in 1976, their policies were mainly about slowing down the expansion of government. The GOP of the 1950s to 1970s was mainly a holding action, not a radical turn (I miss those days). And Mt57 is right that the liberal victories of the past seem to have staying power.

The other point is that, even if the time is not right for further liberal victories, it helps a lot to have a Democratic president in a big-tent party, simply to avoid the worst excesses of radical right-wing warmaking, tax-cutting and demagoguery.

The self-styled conservative movement has been engaged in a campaign for over four decades to transform the thinking of the American people. They have been quite successful in this effort, which is a big reason for the Republican successes in recent years, and for the contracted influence of the increasingly moribund cluster of mid-to-late 20th century attitudes and interests sometimes awkwardly known as "liberalism".

So while Todd's modest big tent list, which seems rather narrowly tailored to the up-to-the-minute, poll-determined preoccupations of voters in a limited historical "present", might be a reasonable approach to electoral strategy for 2008, or for 2010 or 2012, what I want to know is this: What is the long term strategy for transforming the thinking and sentiments of Americans? And more importantly, exactly what is the core vision or outlook that characterizes the thinking toward which we want to transform them? Finally, how might this long-term effort combine with the broader and more global progressive social movement which is beginning to engage the hopes and energies of people around the world?

If there is no such long term strategy, and if instead we confine ourselves to relatively shallow big tent electoral organizing while the conservatives continue to win hearts and minds through a conversion campaign of moral breadth and historic scope, then all we end up with is a big tent filled with more and more conservatives. And in that case, what's the point?

Some might feel we don’t really have to do anything to counter the conservative movement, that the movement will run itself into walls with more Terry Schiavos and Iraqs. But these are just setbacks for conservatives. A glance at the politics section of any bookstore shows that their movement continues with great zest and vitality. And I fear it will quickly recover from its setbacks, because it faces no weighty intellectual opposition from anything but a banal and diffused technocratic liberalism, and a new form of partisan activism which, while certainly energetic and passionate, possesses no more moral seriousness or integrity than sports team fanaticism.

Most people are not technocrats. Engaging their hearts and sustaining passionate commitment to far-off goals through difficulty and adversity requires more than a few policy suggestions and scattered programs. It requires something more like a religion. Surely people who purport to be interested in substantive long term human progress, progress that goes beyond reforms of the tax code and adjustments to retirement plans, need to put forward a bold vision of life and history that identifies the path on which progress lies, addresses the particular global challenges of the first half of the 21st century, and also speaks to the enduring challenges to human fulfillment and happiness. The true prophets of progress are those who have held out to us the hope that we are not doomed to recreate in every generation the many man-made brutalities and miseries of human existence, and perpetuate man’s inhumanity to man, but have shown us that a better world is possible.

With so many people laboring through unsatisfying and dreary lives; impressed into brutal winners-and-losers competition with all their fellow human beings; lonely and isolated, with the social, communal and even family bonds that give human life meaning eaten away by the dehumanizing acid of commercial society; haunted by the impersonality of their economic interchangeability and the directionless flux of markets; encouraged to mock and turn away from the pursuit of spiritual depth and truly human fulfillment and confine their desires to the flimsy carnal and material consolations of shallow postmodern decadence - is it any wonder such people don't respond enthusiastically to a politics that promises only a more efficient organization of shallowness, or somewhat more equal opportunity in the pursuit of nothingness? Is it any surprise that they are drawn to superstitious and reactionary doctrines that at least have the merit of connecting them to a human past that makes sense, and a higher plane of aspiration?

We will never successfully call people away from the allures of reactionary traditionalism and ignorance with just more skin-deep liberalism.

The creationists," that probably includes a heckuva lot of churchgoing African-Americans

Not quite. There are Southern Baptists and then there are southern AA's who are baptists. The religious might include a lot of AA, but not necessarily 'creationists' after all if it wasn't for science, AA's would be relegated to 2/5ths of a man still. Science debunks all the racial myths that religion has perpetrated. Recall, it was an AA man who asked John Edwards the question about religion being used against gays in the You Tube debate

Why not recognize the utility of honest and reasonable marginal Democrats since it would be prudent to stop the runaway bulldozer before trying to erect the big tent.

 

Let me just bow out of this before it becomes a major sub-thread by saying I do have a strong opinion on all of this, in fact I'll yell it:

JUST SAY NO TO CULTURE WARS IN POLITICS! Culture wars belong in culture.

Fair enough, but how do you distinguish?

On Iraq, on warrantless wiretapping, on the farm bill, on the bankruptcy bill, on budget/spending/tax cuts?

How do you know if they arrive at their positions fairly and honestly rather than because of lobbyist donations or because of fear of giving an opening to a future GOP opponent?

I actually rate this post a 10+.

 

This kind of observation definitely sets the stage for 2008, where by the luck of schedule (lots of GOP Senate seats on defense) and the political reality (everyone hates the GOP). An opportunity to hold the Senate, House, and Presidency with large numbers and unencumbered by a longtime sagging corrupt majority like that of 1992, may be once in a lifetime and I'm surprised this doesn't get talked about more in the campaign coverage.

It isn't always easy to distinquish between the honestly deluded and the dishonest.   I cannot support people who speak only in sound bites and talking points designed to appeal most to those paying the least attention.  That in itself seems dishonest. 

But how many of those freshman Democrats will be blue dogs looking to hold their seats in 2010?

The self-styled conservative movement has been engaged in a campaign for over four decades to transform the thinking of the American people. They have been quite successful in this effort, which is a big reason for the Republican successes in recent years, and for the contracted influence of the increasingly moribund cluster of mid-to-late 20th century attitudes and interests sometimes awkwardly known as "liberalism".

Dan K, I think this is a key distinction that merits further analysis. As it seems that what Americans are saying and opposing is liberalism not necessarily Democrats. It is not so much a partisan issue as it is a cultural liberalism vs. conservatism. If we shift the paradigm to those terms it is far easier to cultivate a winning tent and majority in Congress. The word liberal is a lightning rod and when being liberal is tied to the Democratic party that is when we losing the winning edge with the majority of the electorate. I think that Democrats should spend more time espousing conservative views that fit with our Democratic agenda. We can not afford to cede ground to other interest groups. Somewhat like Obama said about ceding religion to the right. Religion is a cornerstone of America and its values. It is only extreme religious views that do not warrant being part of the 'big tent' but acknowledging the role of faith in American lives is stupid to concede as being a conservative vs. American value.

what I want to know is this: What is the long term strategy for transforming the thinking and sentiments of Americans? And more importantly, exactly what is the core vision or outlook that characterizes the thinking toward which we want to transform them? Finally, how might this long-term effort combine with the broader and more global progressive social movement which is beginning to engage the hopes and energies of people around the world?

I couldn't agree more. Democrats need to restablish what ideals, values they are going to represent to Americans and not allow that ground to become Republican. Right now, the entire tax and spend argument can be capitalized on as being Republican as they have the highest record deficits in the history of this country under Bush's administration. Why are Democrats not making that a strategic goal in terms of how big government should function for the people and not for the rich to fund a military industrial complex to further the capitalistic greed of corporate moguls to raid and plunder global resources?  Why can't Democrats be the party that respects other global cultures and traditions and not the party that beleives they can bring democracy to others at the point of a bayonet?  These are not partisan values they should be American values and they should be the values of conservative Democrats.  Democrats need to claim the mantle of conservativism that represents Americanism.  Not conservatism that represents special interests groups.  If we do that we have a far greater chance of winning the majority in general elections.

Democratic values that represent conservatism should be about human dignity, diversity and social justice. When it comes to domestic policies and when it comes to our global standing in the world community. American has to once again become a symbolism for all that is good, we can not afford to have the symbol of America be Gitmo vs. the Statue of Liberty if we are going to regain our self-respect both at home and abroad. 

When it comes to foreign policy we have to ask ourselves is our country an adequate model for the rest of the world?  How can we promote diversity, human dignity and social justice abroad if we fail to do so domestically?  How do we address dignity and diversity and respect for differeces in cultures, religions and gender relationships in our Foreign Policy goals?  It is only when we do this that America can once again be a beacon and symbol for freedom, liberty and democracy as opposed to where we stand globally and domestically today.  Our next President is going to make a huge difference in terms of what we do domestically and diplomatically around the globe.

 

First, Ellen raised a red herring.  Not only was the Republican vote on the Civil Rights Act before the contemporary conservative movement's charge, but more importantly back when Dixie meant Democrat.

Second, I don't get Destor's claim that the big tent is an excuse for Joe Lieberman's politics, for war in Iraq, and for conceding on gay marriage and violent video games. Iraq withdrawal was on Todd's list, and denunciation of video games wasn't.  True, gay marriage wasn't on his list, and one can debate whether it's as central an issue; I'm actually annoyed that the GOP keeps mobilizing its base by associating Democrats with it, whereas there don't appear to be any leading candidates in the last few elections supporting it, not a matter of Lieberman and the DLC vs others. But anyhow, he doesn't rule it out, and he does have the bullet on abortion, contraception, and keeping government out of bedrooms, which sure sounds on the other side from the Christian right to me. 

Third, I'm not convinced by Dan K's narrative of Republicans winning minds.  Partly, it's the poll numbers that show the GOP can win on labels but not on issues or philosophy. People mostly want a government not unlike that we do. Partly, it's that I'm still not convinced people need to hear about philosophy period, as I commented the other day. Heck, look at the two articles today in the "person on the street" mode for views on candidates of GOP and Democratic voters.  The first group speaks of worries about the war (an issue) and of Giuliani's guts (a personal thing); the other group is even sillier, judging Clinton's brains vs Edwards's time with his wife's illness. And partly, it's that I just can't stand another round of the GOP as the party of new ideas. Can't we just rerun that Chait article once a week? 

John 

http://www.haberarts.com/

Re: The self-styled conservative movement has been engaged in a campaign for over four decades to transform the thinking of the American people.

With this I agree

Re: They have been quite successful in this effort

With this I do not agree, since the public appears not to have bought into teh positiosn that the Right has strunuously tried to advance (with the exception of tax cuts and I suspect att he height of the New Deal or the Great Society many citizens would have shouted Amen! to any politician who offered to cut their taxes) The public has not budged on abortion and it has moved left on gay rights. The Iraq War has come a-cropper. Support for universal healthcare has never been higher while the stealth-attempt to gut Social Security proved to be the beginning of the end fro the Bush administration.


It is an unfortunate historical fact that the war hawks have had a prominent role in the Democratic Party over the past half century at least. I was disappointed but not surprised by the dems inability to stop the Iraq war.

War will be an issue that splits the big tent for some time to come. I have never supported third party efforts, but in 2000 I did not blame Nader for what happened. Many people simply could no longer stomach supporting another prowar democrat -- after all, our assaults against Serbia were led by Clinton/Gore. Indeed to this day we still see Democrats bragging about how great that was.

I don't know about that. Perhaps you underestimate the intelligence of churchgoing African Americans?

May I take silence on the "no war hawks" as agreement?

I had the same reaction to that point in his post (though overall I thought it was as wonderful a comment as I'd seen anywhere in a while). It'd be more accurate to say they'd transformed what people think they think. One of George Will's occasional accurate observations is that the American people are rhetorically conservative and operationally liberal; which just demonstrates the effectiveness of the right's fraudulent propaganda campaign over the decades. Which, perhaps more than anything, is what we have to expose indisputably in order to shake what's left of the catch-phrases out of people's heads.

Mt57's point -- that Liberal achievements have staying power -- is so, because they involve creating new structures that actually serve the needs of the greatest number of citizens in America -- Big Ideas that serve human needs: Infrastructure, basic welfare, or fundamental rights.

Liberals perceive government as serving the People. The Left is idealistic for the majority: The New Deal; Rural Electrification; Social Security; Civil Rights Act; Founding of the EPA, Clean Water Act, etc.

Right-wing accomplishments are short-lived by comparison because they benefit relatively small numbers of people.

The Right believes the best government is that which governs least -- they believe America would be best served if the spirit of entrepeneurial capitalism were allowed to flourish unchecked; they're idealistic -- but for a minority, then claim their efforts will 'benefit all Americans' -- A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats; Trickle-Down Economics; 'Welfare-To-Work', and that a privatized America is somehow more fair and certainly cheaper than expecting government to provide for its citizens.

Overall, I do agree with what I think Matt's point is.

After the Johnson landslide there were 42 new Democrats in the House -- but the "ideological tent" was actually smaller after January 4, 1965 than it had been before that date.  Medicare, blocked in the House in 1964, passed relatively easily.

How big a tent do we need to keep Roberts and Alito off the Court, to close down Guantanamo and the black sites, to protect America without passing the Protect America Act -- in all ways to prevent the shredding of the Constitution? 


I've watched pollings for a couple of years and modeled them out a fair amount.

The conclusion that seems to lie in the numbers is fairly obvious. To be a Democrat you can be in the left half of the American political spectrum and somewhat in the moderate part of the right half. You can't be in the 32% at the right end of the spectrum, though, which consists of classical Rightist and socially reactionary people.

But we do have some portions of the Party, generally in the oldest generation of voters- Southern conservatives, 'pro-Israel' Jewish-Americans, and Cold Warrior sorts- which are or persistently stray over that line. At the moment they are allied in confusing and frustrating the rest of the Party as long as their shrinking numbers and residual Middle East-centered Cold War-ish conditions persist.

Republicans as a Party realistically only practice and permit representation of the views of the rightmost 32%. But they have cut bargains with blocs of moderates, i.e. delivering tax cuts, pork, and exploitable kinds of social and economic instability in return for votes.

The old left-right or progressive-conservative breakdowns no longer reflect how people think. This is why trying to make a party along these lines is so difficult.

What we have is a majority of the population who would like to see more "progressive" social programs. This includes universal health care, more spending on education and the option for workers to join unions if they wish.

On the other hand a majority also think that the US has a special place in the world as "the world's only remaining superpower". They feel that the US should take an activist role in policing the world. It's one of our foundational myths that we are the "chosen nation". There is dissatisfaction with the fact that we are losing the current wars, but this hasn't altered people's general philosophy.

The public is willing toss out the GOP because of corruption and incompetence, not because of ideological differences. Even on the issue of inequality most people still believe in the American dream that one day they might become the next Bill Gates. This is why they are reluctant to impose taxes on the super wealthy or tighten up the estate tax. The fact that they are deluded as to their chances is the effect of decades of right wing propaganda, but that's what they believe.

So, the issue is, can we have a political party that supports progressive domestic policies and a less robust foreign policy? There are no candidates (with the exception of Kucinich) who take that position.

The military/industrial/congressional complex is too deeply woven into the fabric of society for any pol to oppose it and stand a chance of getting the needed financial backing to run a successful campaign.

It all boils down to the cost of elections. Only those who do the bidding of big business and the military can get enough money to run. There is no chance for those who come from the working classes to get elected. So there is no representation for these interests in congress.

If you want to see a more representative government the first step is election reform.

--- Policies not Politics
Daily Landscape

Obviously, the Democratic tent has to be big enough to win elections.

The Pew Research Foundation does great work breaking the electorate into meaningful types (they have nine). Liberals are the single largest group, 17% of the population, and 19% of voters.

As the largest group it is not surprising that occasionally liberals get enough power to make major policy. At 19% of the population it isn't surprising that the stars align rarely.

Gitlin uses different types, arguing the Republicans base is the "Christian Right and business firsters" Implied but not said is that the Democrats are the big tent party, and presumably get the rest.

Were it so it would be smooth sailing for us Democrats, but even using Gitlins cruder groupings I think you have to add a third group to the Republican base: Foreign Policy Reactionaries (my term, feel free to insert your own). These are people who are easily scared by foreign events, easily feel threatened, and will over-react to an attack. I think it is hard to argue they are not in the Republican base. They scored Bush's 2004 victory, and without them Giuliani's popularity among Republicans is hard to credit.

So the Republicans actually have Christian Right + Business Firsters + Foreign Policy Reactionaries. That is a potent combination. To beat them the Democrats either have to peel off some of their base or get virtually everyone else, which would be a tent too big to get much done.

Globalization has been a foreign policy that America has led. Where do you think it fits?

"husiastically to a politics that promises only a more efficient organization of shallowness, or somewhat more equal opportunity in the pursuit of nothingness"

I don't look to the Democrats to give a meaning for my life. That is not a proper role for a political party. I would be very afraid of any political party (right or left) that proported to do so.

=== How big a tent do we need to keep Roberts and Alito off the Court, to close down Guantanamo and the black sites, to protect America without passing the Protect America Act -- in all ways to prevent the shredding of the Constitution? ===

The problem being that post-Lieberman standing ovation I suspect that a good percentage of the high-powered Democratic Party insiders think that the approach Bush, Cheney, et al have taken to "security" is the correct one. They don't think it is unconstitutional, or if they do they don't have a problem with that.
.
sPh

The D's used to stand for certain things "big tent" notwithstanding.  The rule of law, equality for all in the eyes of the law, strong unions and a safety net for the economically poorer among us, etc.  I don't see the D's standing for much of anything when it comes to "core values" recently.  And the public is left with the impression that all that is left is that the D's want power for the personal enrichment having that power can bring, and not using the power to make positive changes that would benefit the people of America.  Unless they think that the people of America are only corporate CEO's and shareholders.  It has always been this way but I can't recall the arrogant attitude among the rich that this country is only a "Country of the wealthy, by the wealthy and for the wealthy".

My home when I am not ranting here...

Democrats are basically republican lites with a little more tolerance for notwhite, notrich people. Though far left of the extreme right fascists in the Bush government and the republican reich, - democrats do not actually represent the people, and especially disadvantaged populations, (notwhite, notrich Americans), nor to democratic leaders or the democratic party give voice to the voiceless. Like republicans, they are beholden to the large oligarchs and well funded lobby interests representing those oligarchs, and have very little interest in, or concern about the American people.

Given that sad fact, it is necessary to differentiate the democratic party, and a small element of the GOP, with the far more extreme and exceedingly treacherous, criminal, predatory deceptive, and fascist warmongers, profiteers, and pathological liars in the Bush government.

"Deliver us from evil!"

Do you seriously think Kucinich would be a leading contender ir he had all the money he needed?

It'd be more accurate to say they'd transformed what people think they think.

Ok, I agree with this statement, and with all the above comments which bemoan the catch-phrases caught in people's heads.

I know what I would like to see happen to countervail such catch-phrasing from the right's fraudulent propagandizing: slowly but surely raise the level of attentiveness on the part of folks who are subjected to such.

Here is one of the wisest sayings I have heard: "Maturity is the ability to make finer and finer distinctions."

Once I had a verbal set to with a Limbaugh fan whose head was full of catch phrases about neer-do-wells not deserving government help. By slowly introducing some finer distinctions with respect to head start and school lunches and how those programs help kids to be healthy enough to do better in school......eventually the Limbaugh fan was able to himself make some finer distinctions which altered, however minorly, the catch-phrase in his head. He ended up realizing that programs for children could and should be separated out of the 'catch-phrase'. That at least was a beginning.

I would like for Democrats to be the 'mature' party in terms of offering finer distinctions in response to catch-phrasing.......and to let that be a tacit theme for the party; small but compelling bite-sized steps in finer distinction making on many fronts and issues. Not the elaborate hundred point stuff that overwhelms.

On the other hand a majority also think that the US has a special place in the world as "the world's only remaining superpower". They feel that the US should take an activist role in policing the world.

I think there's a bit more myth there than you'd think.  I'd say most Americans outside of the extremes on right and left have both an internationalist side and a populist isolationist side.   Understandably, after WWII the internationalist side was dominant, but it's long past time we started sending messages to the populist side because our foreign policy has become horribly unbalanced.  We can't continue unilaterally "policing the world".   It's totally unrealistic and I believe most Americans have an untapped wealth of common  sense. 

Too true. I have patience with busy not particular