Fredo Open Thread
Fredo has finally gone fishing. The "why?" is fairly obvious. The "why now?" is frankly baffling to me. One of my colleagues compared it to Rumsfeld's departure, saying "after they'd completely lost credibility and all hope of regaining it... only then does the person in question go."
So what do you think? Why now?
Bonus open thread question: What is your favorite Gonzales moment? There are so many. To get things started, mine:
"I recall making the decision... I don't recall when the decision was made."
















Rumsfeld might have been arrogant and a terrible poicy maker but Gonzales remaining as Attorney General was even worse. To have someone who seems to have no trouble breaking the law, lying about breaking the law, violating the civil rights of Americans as Attorney General, even as he destroyed the morale of the Department was disgraceful.
I liked the list of fired U.S. Attorneys which he took responsibility for but which he had no idea how it came to be put together.
Daniel A. Greenbaum
August 27, 2007 7:01 AM | Reply | Permalink
As for why now, it was reported when Rove resigned that Bush's Chief of Staff had put out the word that people were to resign by the end of August or they would be expected to remain through the end of the term in 2009.
Additionally, it's the end of August, nothing is happening, Congress is in recess, and therefore, arguably, this does not appear to be connected to the investigations into Gonzales.
To me, the why at all is more interesting. He was pretty apparently committed to not backing down to congress despite his obvious incompetence, perjury, and the politicization of the DOJ.
The real question, though, is who will take over at DHS. I believe Josh over at the Mothership suggested that Gonzales would never resign because he knows too much and Congress would only approve someone who will answer their question. In other words, that Gonzo needed to stick around to protect all the administration's secrets. So, we can expect Chertoff to do that at DoJ, but what about the person who replaces him at DHS? Dems need to stick it to Bush on that confirmation.
August 27, 2007 7:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
i think the resignation comes this week because there is no daily show as jon stewart is on vacation this week.
August 27, 2007 7:17 AM | Reply | Permalink
AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
HE DIDN'T EVEN OFFER A REASON FOR HIS RESIGNATION!
AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
August 27, 2007 7:35 AM | Reply | Permalink
I am thinking that the new appointment, confirmation process and hearings are going to be a prime fighting keyboardist concern and suck a lot of blogosphere coverage away from the primary race and Iraq. The argument for doing that will be because its more important than anything else, that it's about the Constitution. But that's only true if the issues raised are also turned back towards the presidential candidates, because this Bush replacement will not be serving very long.
Edit to add: CNN talking heads already bringing up related political "strategery": get rid of the hot buttons Rove and Gonzales in order to take away distracting dem talking points, accomplish a few things, help to re-rev up the base for 2008.
August 27, 2007 7:43 AM | Reply | Permalink
.
sPh
August 27, 2007 7:48 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'm less interested in "why," and more in "who's next."
I think this Chertoff business is a red herring...August 27, 2007 7:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
My guess is that AGAG was stonewalling the Abramoff, Weldon, Wade and other public corruption investigations and someone was about to blow the whistle on him.
August 27, 2007 8:03 AM | Reply | Permalink
Yeah, but in an administration built solely on the principle of loyalty to the dear leader, it could still carry some weight.
August 27, 2007 8:09 AM | Reply | Permalink
Or yet another example of the frightening unwillingness of Bush appointees to think for themselves...
Josh Bolton says we have to resign by August or we have to stay through 'til the end....OK! I'll leave!
If this is, in fact, the reason, then the "Karl Rove is a mastermind" is an appallingly ludicrous theme perpetuated by traditional media...A mastermined without a backbone? Who blindly follows orders? I might be willing to believe that Gonzalez stepped down because Bolton finally forced him out. But Rove?
August 27, 2007 8:19 AM | Reply | Permalink
This is mny favorite Gonzalez moment.
As for the why now question... Hasn't Bush made it clear to people that if you stay past Labor Day he expects you to finish out the term?
thosethingswesay.blogspot.com
August 27, 2007 8:51 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'm thinking Bush will put up Meier as a replacement.
Heh, no seriously... Now we get to see if the Reid-Bush "agreement" on recess appointments will stand firm.
~~~~~~~~~~~
Quidquid latine dictum sit, altum videtur.
Come visit PROJECT: Lucidity
Where everybody knows your name...
unless you use a pseudonym
August 27, 2007 9:21 AM | Reply | Permalink
Alberto left Government to spend more time with his family.
-capo di tutti capo
August 27, 2007 9:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think Gonzo's replacement will be that other bastion of honor and integrity, Ed Meese.
August 27, 2007 9:36 AM | Reply | Permalink
Taken from the Karl Rove Republican Field Manuel - 2007
Section 2 - Performing your job
01. Commit crime.
02. Deny & Cover up crime.
03. Get investigated for crime.
04. Stonewall.
05. Lie.
06. Get called before Congress.
07. Lie.
08. Have Presidents full support.
09. Lie.
10a. Retire.
10b. Get off scott-free.
August 27, 2007 9:52 AM | Reply | Permalink
Why now? Two words:
Recess appointment.
Or did you think they wouldn't do what they said they wouldn't do?
August 27, 2007 9:56 AM | Reply | Permalink
My favorite Gonzales moment?
Him & George yucking it up over some woman's death penalty appeal. This needs to be remembered when Berto gets his clemency.
August 27, 2007 10:00 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think he resigned because a decision to pursue perjury and obstruction has been made and that the WH gets a little distance from it if the subject is a civilian.
August 27, 2007 10:11 AM | Reply | Permalink
Bush just doesn't do constitutional. So, my guess is he will select whomever he wishes to replace AG, and make that appointment immediately, as AG moves up his retirement date. I don't have any access to the list of residents of federal prisons so I can't guess who the replacement will be.
Hoppy in Sacramento
August 27, 2007 10:14 AM | Reply | Permalink
J. McCutchen
Why now?
No great mystery. Been obvious to those familiar with how Bush operated as Guvnuh of the Grayte Stayte and should have been obvious from the very start of his presidency
Each and every time Bush gets a hard push back he caves.
So much for the famous Bush Loyalty!!! All thrown under the bus. Another lie bites the dust
The House should open impeachment proceedings against Cheney
Be gone by Crimmus
An iron rule of his reigns. The only way to deal with bush is to tell him to eff off
August 27, 2007 10:27 AM | Reply | Permalink
Timing? It is difficult to believe that Gonzo has suddenly found a conscience, so my guess is that he is paving the way for a recess appointment of one of the Federalist cronies who will carry on the stonewalling and refusals to investigate.
August 27, 2007 10:27 AM | Reply | Permalink
Alberto Gonzales lost his job,
Because he always liked to fob;
When Bush saw what Al had done;
He gave him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
August 27, 2007 10:42 AM | Reply | Permalink
Why now? Could it be that the Republican lites = Democrats = = CAPITALISTS have reached an agreement. Throw Gonzalez under the bus and we'll bluster and act outraged, to appeal to our Democratic base.
Besides; the Capitalistic Dems, are just as concerned about homegrown terrorists, that they agree that surveillance of WTO activists, and a possible revolt, by middle class Americans, who might become radical, as many lose their homes and jobs, and Social Security blanket destroyed, an Iraq war taking (costing) billions.
Gonzalez departure is the equivalent of gladitorial bloodletting. Refocusing attention off of lazy and self serving Senators and Aristocrats. who really want to spy and control the masses, for fear the upheaval, could bring them down, from their superior positions.
Gonzalez is the red meat, but no real loss to those in control.
So Gonzalez resigns, does he receive a pension?
August 27, 2007 10:46 AM | Reply | Permalink
I have to admit I am surprised. I expected Gonzales to stonewall for the duration so now I am wondering:
Just how big are Rove's and Gonzales' safety nets and who is holding them? It is difficult to imagine W would easily relinquish two such loyal lieutenants who between them probably know all his secrets. And both men's fortunes are so closely linked with W's that it is equally difficult to think that they would leave without a really soft spot to land.
Who from W's Texas posse, those loyal to W personally and not his family, are now gone and how many remain? What positions do those remaining hold?
Is W being isolated? If so, by whom? The Chenyites or the realists?
Interesting times, aren't they.
August 27, 2007 10:53 AM | Reply | Permalink
This is slightly OT, but -- To be honest, if you sit for a moment and think about it... why have any of these people acted as they have?
Observers have been confounded for six-plus years: How the 'administration' could make decisions as it has -- the lack of planning, due diligence, or even common sense. I mean, for real.
They, their contractor friends, their media allies... all of them have behaved like people who absolutely don't care what the effect of their actions are; as if there were no repercussions, and even if there are, so what?
That's fairly unprescedented, even in a town as hardened and cynical as the Beltway. It's difficult to comprehend.
I'm not arguing for a specific answer here, but... it's almost as if there's a missing piece of the puzzle, or some information they're privy to that the rest of us peasants aren't. Something that would make sense of their grab-it-while-ya-can behavior.
August 27, 2007 10:59 AM | Reply | Permalink
After being waterboarded at an undisclosed location, he now recalls everything. And that is why he had to resign.
What I see is a lame duck trying to cure lameness by replacing its appendages - don't think it's going to work.
August 27, 2007 11:01 AM | Reply | Permalink
The primary reason, I think, is that this group has absolutely no interest in governing - only in the acquisition and maintanance of power for personal reasons for them and their cronies.
Remember Bush Inc.campaigned in part on the idea that government didn't work. Then he took his buddies to Washington and proved it.
August 27, 2007 11:22 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'll take a stab at the timing that assumes some planning & political logic. Gonzales quit near the time of Rove, Snow, and other lesser lights. Not only is there some kind of clearing out going on but also one of the most controversial Bush advisors. They are leaving in front of another Congressional round on Iraq. Although Bush has gotten his way eqach time. It keeps getting harder. Could it be an effort to improve the administration's image as at least quasi-reasonable in its efforts to win support for the surge?
I doubt my own reasoning here, but one always looks for a larger pattern. Probably it's something more venal and sleazier.
August 27, 2007 11:29 AM | Reply | Permalink
What I still can't get over is that Bush got Gonzales in there in the first place to appease the clamor against his predecessor, after of course first having refused to acknowledge a problem as long as humanly possible. I can see how Bush got away with it: he had to appease the GOP members unwilling to be saddled with Ashcroft any more, but he could then count on them to overcome any Democratic opposition. (We'll see if the better numbers for Democrats in Congress are sufficient now to reign in the madmen.)
But what I can't get over is the country, meaning guided by the media, went for it. That is, as far as the news was concerned, the issue just went away once Ashcroft resigned. You'd think that the media didn't care what Ashcroft had actually done or cared that Gonzales's handprints, like Yoos, were all over most of the executive usurpations of power. Of course, the only thing that would change it in the end is replacing the whole administration, since everyone will still obey and defend Bush while he's in office. But still, let's just pray for more of a voice in the media and the debate they govern one day.
P.S. I don't see "why now?" as the least baffling either. It's the month you don't "roll out" cool stuff and the month to try to hide old stuff; and Gonzales's position was weakening beyond repair, with still more questioning coming up in Congress next month. What's to baffle?
John
http://www.haberarts.com/
August 27, 2007 11:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
Well what about this consideration. Who is suppose to represent the legal arm of Congress to enforce subopenas, investigations and perjury and any illegal acts of the executive branch. Would that not be the Atty Genreral?
Nothing was going to proceed with Gonzales, a bogged down confirmation hearing means the people do not have an Atty General, right?
So it sounds like a pretty shrewd move. Similiar to when Rove's aide inserted the lack of confirmation for 'interim AG appts' in the new Patriot Act bill and the planning was to have the interim's serve until the end of the administration by either not submitting names or stonewalling on confirmations.
I suspect that all these folks leaving justice are simply the players Rove needs to execute the legal tsunami he plans to unleash to steal the 08 Presidential elections. Virtually all of the recent resignations in Justice have been his minions, Scholzman, Gonzales, Griffin and Gonzales chief of staff, along with Monica were the masterminds behind the entire 'voter fraud' and indictments before elections, no?
August 27, 2007 11:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
Meet the (Temporary) New Attorney General
By Spencer Ackerman
August 27, 2007 12:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
Gonzo's resignation gets Leahy off the hook, now he can show indignation and not be expected to do anything of substance.
August 27, 2007 12:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
But how could Bush make a recess appointment now when Gonzales's resignation is not effective until September 17th? By the 17th, Congress will be back in session.
August 27, 2007 1:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good Heavens!! THIS is suppose to be the 'people's Attorney?
Clements makes Yoo and Gonzales look like eminent legal scholars. And he is characterized as having a precise and clear intellect based on such arguments. The American citizen is doomed our civil liberties are imperiled and habeus corpus along with the US Constituiton are nothing but paper to Clements.
The petulance of Bush in announcing the Gonzales resignation made me think that Gonzales was a trade for something. Maybe, Warner's silence? Perhaps, Warner told Bush you either send Gonzales packing or I will lead the GOP rebellion against Iraq and possibly call for impeachment?
August 27, 2007 1:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
Bingo!
Do you think Warner was the one that championed the idea for Leahy?
August 27, 2007 1:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
Sidney Blumenthal has an interesting answer to the question of "why now" over on Salon.com. In short, his suggestion is that it's the inevitable result of Karl Rove's resignation two weeks ago:
August 27, 2007 1:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
It would take Gonzo all of 5 minutes to change that resignation date to whatever date is required.
Hoppy in Sacramento
August 27, 2007 2:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
I really don't think it's all that complicated. Bush never fires anyone under pressure. That would make him look weak. While the heat is on, he stands firm, spits at the enemy, and refuses to back an inch on anything.
Then when the pressure is off, it's the knife in the neck for 'bringing all this heat down on the family.' Getting caught is the ultimate disloyalty, but executions are not to be done in front of outsiders.
And of course, there's a safety factor. Congress has already demonstrated that it will not contest the Bush White House's overruling of its subpoena's. So it doesn't matter where Abu Gonzales goes.
He can be pardoned for any crimes, and he can also, even in private life, rely on executive privilege, so he can't be brought up before a grand jury or subpoenaed by congress.
What's the downside. We've seen this before, we'll see it again.
August 27, 2007 2:17 PM | Reply | Permalink
Ladies and Gentlemen, meet your new Attorney General...John Yoo
Bush's revenge.
August 27, 2007 2:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
There are two possibilities:
1) As, Josh, a couple of people noted above, a recess appointment is a distinct possibility. If ever there was a time when Bush needed to do an end-run around Congress to save his hide, it's now. And he's played the card enough times for it to be clear that even in lower-stakes situations (e.g., Bolten at the UN), he doesn't hesitate. If Bush goes this route, it's AG Chertoff. Be very afraid.
2) This is Rove's parting shot at the Dems. This is a little counter-intuitive, but, let me explain. Bush will almost certainly nominate someone who the Dems will never accept. The Republican machine will paint the Dems as unreasonable and obstructionist; part of the "problem with Washington." The "F" word (filibuster) will be brandished far and wide. Bush can probably ride this until the next time Congress heads out of Washington, then make the recess appointment. And that's probably Chertoff.
What Reid needs to do now is call the Senate back in session, arguing that it is indeed urgent that we have a new, permanent AG and that the Democrats are looking forward to working in a bi-partisan fashion to make this happen quickly. This averts the imminent threat of a recess appointment (this idea is not mine) and preempts the Republican charge of obstructing the process of appointing a new AG.
--Ken Riley
August 27, 2007 3:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
Warner, maybe, my choice would be my Senator, Arlen Specter.
August 27, 2007 3:41 PM | Reply | Permalink
yep, I agree.
August 27, 2007 4:01 PM | Reply | Permalink
Andrew: My favorite Gonzales moment is yet to come.
Tim Russert: Why did you resign?
Alberto Gonzales: Tim, I don't recall resigning.
August 27, 2007 4:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
HAHAHAHAHHAHA :-)
August 27, 2007 4:59 PM | Reply | Permalink
I have actually heard more than one jackass (including dubya himself) complaining about how DEMOCRATS have POLITICIZED the Justice Department!
And they say it with a straight face! And then the MSM repeats it because it was SAID! And the Dems sputter from utter disbelief, but the knuckle-draggers get the message that it's all the Dem's fault.
Regarding the recess appointment issue; the position isn't vacant, so how could he do it? Even Alberto isn't incompetent enough to give the wrong date of departure if they are planning a recess appt! Could Reid & Pelosi call Congress back to prevent it?
Jan
August 27, 2007 5:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Favorite comment about Lil' Fredo Loyal Hispanic American Bushie:
“Alberto Gonzales is the first Attorney General who thought the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth were three different things....”
Democratic Caucus Chairman Rahm Emanuel
August 27, 2007 5:51 PM | Reply | Permalink
A friend of mine has poked a very large hole in my reasoning on possibility #2 above: recess appointments are good until the next Congress is seated, ergo, January 2009. Ergo, Bush will do the recess appointment now.
--Ken Riley
August 27, 2007 6:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
First off, kudos to Josh and crew for the big scoop and the classy follow-through. Must be fun around TPM HQ today.
However, I don't think I'm the only one who is uneasy about this for a reason I can't place. Maybe it's just the seven-year hangover, but none of the explanations I've seen (in dozens of comments) satisfies me.
For now, I'll just conclude that my uneasiness IS the result of seven years of absurdity and that this development is actually a good thing.
Amazing, isn't it, the place we've arrived at? Where the AG blatantly flouts the law, makes war against civil liberties, tells bold-faced lies to the Legislature, has a massive pile of evidence and testimony against him, and then when he resigns, it's taken for granted that the resignation is part of an even bigger plan to usurp more power, curtail more liberties and tell even bigger lies?
But that's where we are.
Either way, there's no denying the credit that TPM so richly deserves. Cheers.
August 27, 2007 8:28 PM | Reply | Permalink
Why now?
Obvious- the White House must have known something about the Larry Craig revelation, and wanted to time Gonzales's resignation with another even juicier story that would draw attention away.
Seems to have worked quite well.
-Dave Adams-
August 27, 2007 11:50 PM | Reply | Permalink
(duplicate post deleted)
August 27, 2007 11:51 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think its actually even simpler than that.
These people believe that God Himself is guiding their every action. Because of that what they're doing can't possibly be wrong, and even their manifold faliures are actually serving a higher (if somewhat mysterious) purpose.
-Dave Adams-
August 28, 2007 12:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
It may sound far-fetched, but my first thought when the Democrats caved on FISA was, "What did they get in return?" Could the resignations of Porky and Fredo be the price Bushco paid for immunity on FISA violations? If so, then is all the bluster about continued investigations just posturing?
By the way, Sen. Reid, what ever happened to that Phase II investigation you made such a show of closing down the Senate over a few years back?
August 28, 2007 7:45 AM | Reply | Permalink
"By the way, Sen. Reid, what ever happened to that Phase II investigation you made such a show of closing down the Senate over a few years back?"
Official,
I've often wondered about this myself. Rockefeller is now Intel Committee Chairman and I always saw him as a lightweight so I had no confidence that he would bring it up.
So the Senate switch from Republican to Democrat, and from Pat Roberts as Chair to Rockefeller made little if any difference regarding Phase II.
August 28, 2007 9:20 AM | Reply | Permalink
But why would he have announced the Sept 17 date at all if the plan was to allow the president to make a recess appointment? The two of them are bound to have discussed the timing.
August 28, 2007 9:41 AM | Reply | Permalink
My thinking exactly. Keeping in mind that in this regime, "resigning" a position does not mean one is "gone" from the job...ex: Rumsfield was reported to be at Pentagon with staff and security clearance for months after he "resigned" as was Sampson.
Rove and et al moved their minions around like chess pieces, remember?
Strong argument for Rove's experienced troops to simply be collecting in another office, doesn't have to be the WH or ever DC, jabbing at their Blackberries and this time not havimg to even think about any pesky Presidential record keeping.
August 28, 2007 12:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
I've also been puzzling over this exact question for a long time. This is the best explanation I've been able to come up with:
It's obvious their behavior is simply not consistent with someone who expected to be held accountable in a way that would be the norm with past Administrations. But what if they had been anticipating from the beginning that by the end of Bush's term, "normal" accountability (and fair elections for that matter, and major parts of the Constitution) would be a thing of the past? If this were their primary goal from the beginning, then someone would have much less inhibition about taking place in all sorts of crazy actions, and counting on the end justifying the means, so to speak. Some days I wake up and think this is literally true, other days I consider it be paranoid. The only other possible explanation in my opinion is unbelievably simple-minded, moronic incompetence on every level. Is that the real explanation though, or just the cover for these actions?
August 28, 2007 12:43 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'm not familiar with this story. Do you have a link (or more information)?
August 29, 2007 9:30 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'm surprised that no one (that I saw, at least) has posted their "favorite" moment as being when Gonzales denied that habeas corpus was protected by the constitution. (By "favorite", I mean "most cringe-worthy", of course.) I would have thought that he would have lost all credibility then, well before the whole US attorney thing came out.
August 29, 2007 9:37 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think you may not be far off the mark. I think they believed their own hype -- that they were in the beginning stages of setting up a permanent Republican majority. They did not expect to lose control of Congress; on the contrary, they expected to crush the Democratic Party into irrelevance, and they expected that there would be a long stream of Republican presidents following them for the next 20 or 30 years. Thus, no accountability in any time frame that would matter to them. We would be, in effect, a one party state.
Of course, that expectation flies in the face of the historical record, which shows no one party dominant in both Congress and the Executive branch but for so long, but these guys thought they were writing a whole new chapter and that the past was no guide to the future.
August 29, 2007 10:46 AM | Reply | Permalink
Back in May '06 when he stepped on his own dick and stated that journalists at the NYT and Wapo had broken the law. And the kicker was that he subsquently never clarified exactly which law it was that these journalists and supposedly broken ...
After this one, let's just say that any good light on coverage for Gonzo pretty much went right in the crapper.
~OGD~
August 29, 2007 11:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
Yes. Rove may have resigned early in order to go to work for one of the '08 Republican candidates. Rudy, perhaps?
"If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail." ~~ Abraham Maslow
August 29, 2007 11:50 AM | Reply | Permalink
Although of course I take it with a grain of salt, but this was my best guess. The rumors that he was going to leave over the August break started in July. Knowing this crew, it seems the choice of August (assuming a recess appointment was off the table per the agreement between Bush and Reid) was for media control, hoping folks in Congress would be too busy with vacation to put much effort into releasing statements and so on. And, if that hypothesis is correct, it the choice of this particular week in August could well be tied to the Daily Show/Colbert vacations.
August 29, 2007 12:41 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think that may be it: The notion that they would break the mold, reverse everything about America that even appeared to retain vestiges of the old compact between government and citzenry.
They were radicals, intent on gaming the system. Karl's 'design' was nothing more than Nixon-era Ratfucking: Who Cares What Happens So Long As We Benefit, that most cherished of Republican themes.
When you look at it from that perspective ... it's almost worse, in a way.
August 29, 2007 1:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
That's a good point -- the mud that Gonzales helped to shovel on the Constitution and the Bill Of Rights, and on the overarcing concept of Fealty To The Law, hasn't been scraped off. It's still sitting there, and we haven't seen the last of its effects.
August 29, 2007 1:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
Why now?
Couldn't let him go earlier. That would be to acknowledge his wrongdoing. It would give impetus and leverage to the various congressional investigations into the multiple scandals where he was instrumental (a word I use with precision). It would be a waste of his stonewall value.
Couldn't let him go later. Stonewalling gambits all used up. His impeachment, being 10 on the gimme scale, a genuine possibility. Even loyal GOP cronies and stooges unable to come up with a way to defend him (even GOP fantasyland not infinite). Stink penetrating the obliviousness even of average Americans.
Split the difference.
August 31, 2007 1:02 AM | Reply | Permalink
So, VO-5 is exiting the White House. I'd like to offer him one bit of advice: don't let Cheney's door slap you on the tokus.
August 31, 2007 10:19 PM | Reply | Permalink