TPMCafe
« Exporting an economic model | Home | When China's Charm Wears Off »

The World Was Going Our Way

user-pic

I don't think there is another book that gives as complete and analytic a picture of what China is up to abroad than Charm Offensive, as I concluded in my review of it.

But China's heightened profile in what used to be called the Third World cannot be attributed to the popularity of China as a culture or as a political system, nor to the appeal of its "ideas", which I have never heard anyone in Africa discuss. No one wants to emulate China per se, and it is always a third or fourth choice for higher education.

A friend of mine who encounters many Chinese traders as a customs inspector in Congo spoke for many 19th century Orientalists when he told me, "You never know what these Chinese guys are thinking. Their faces are empty. In fact I can't tell one from another. To me they are like the fishes in the sea."

But China is expanding into the interstices left by the retreat of the United States from areas of the globe that stopped being strategic after 1991. Chinese firms do business where no one else can afford to because of Chinese government loan and incentive programs that are often miscategorized as "aid", and which the U.S. is barred from providing under OECD rules which it is bound by, but which China isn't. So Chinese companies underbid their competitors, often dramatically, and gain market share and increased influence.

As Dan Blumenthal points out, this has to be seen as part of a forward strategy of physical presence everywhere in the world for strategic purposes, and not only as a commerical or even mercantilist strategy.

Similarly, U.S. aid programs are obsessed with health and welfare (which account for more than 80% of U.S. aid spending) -- not the infrastructure needs that African leaders prioritize. Those leaders were not seduced by the pageantry of the November 2006 summit in Beijing. They are under no illusion that the "win-win cooperation" rhetoric is anything but a mask for Chinese self-interest. But they don't mind, because they see something in it it for their own countries, even if, as yet, most African governments have proven to be lousy at negotiating the terms of contracts. It is China's most important point of entry into, and leverage over, poor governments. Nothing charming about it, really.

And those governments do like being taken seriously -- not being "treated like children", in the words of the Senegalese foreign minister. They are also keenly aware that China's interest in Africa has made Africa objectively more important in world affairs: for the first time in a generation Africa is a place where people see opportunities to be seized, and not just problems to be solved by outsiders.

China's apparent success in Africa points to two trends. First, U.S. engagement on the continent is ad hoc rather than strategic; it is a vehicle for demonstrations of American compassion rather than a policy designed to further American interests and the interests of its African allies. Our crumbling position in the developing world is starting to resemble the sudden reversals in Soviet fortunes in the same theaters during the Cold War, as recounted in the third volume of the Mitrokhin archive, "The World Was Going Our Way".

Second, China already transfers significantly more money to Africa every year than the World Bank, without the irritating conditions and the resulting delays in disbursement. This raises the question of whether the use of conditionality as a policy tool by IFIs and Western governments will be able to survive China's aid and investment splurge. Will we be forced to design new modes of engagement with developing countries? Isn't that something we should do anyway?

Next post from Liberia, if I can find an internet connection. When I was last there, ten years ago this month, I witnessed something rare: Taiwanese and Chinese diplomats inhabiting the same secure beachfront compound, doing laps around the circular driveway, waiting for a government to form so they could compete for recognition. Guess who won.


25 Comments

| Leave a comment

Sure, the five thousand years of Chinese culture, their inventions and their ideas like Confucianism and Taoism will never be popular.

Sure, you never know what Chinese guys are thinking because their faces are empty and they all look the same.

Sure, our activity in Africa from the slave trade to support for apartheid in South Africa and its intervention in Angola has been a demonstration of American compassion.

Sure, US aid programs are obsessed with health and welfare which is why the new Pentagon creation AFRICOM hasn't been able to find a home in Africa.

Sure, the World Bank has been a model of rectitude.

Sure, pass the pipe, I'll take another hit.

The COMPLETE TRIPE that US aid is interested in "health and welfare" whilst those evil Chinese are simply interested in profit is pathetic. Take a gander at "Confessions of an Economic Hitman" to see what we were really up to with our "aid"

Re: Sure, the five thousand years of Chinese culture, their inventions and their ideas like Confucianism and Taoism will never be popular.

Chinese culture (and it's more like 4000 years since the Shang dynasty arose, not five) never spread much beyond East Asia, unlike the cultures of Europe, Islam and even India (which exported Buddhism over much of Asia). That's partly due to the Chinese themselves who in their greatest eras never bothered going farther than their nearest neighbors and who dismissed all foreigners as barbarians.

this is interesting.

i don't know what to make of it.

engaging africa as a source of profit is a fine way to legitimize them.

until america can measure up to china's investment strategy, i say we give nothing at all.

apparently, we are only demeaning them by trying to help them.

This is what makes me skeptical of the notion that Chinese "soft power" is contributing to the creation of a new system - a world without the west - based on an alternative Chinese model. Where are people listening to and playing Chinese popular music; imitating other Chinese arts and skills; adopting Chinese styles of dress; incorporating fragments of the Chinese language and slang into their own language; copying the Chinese system of government; or imitating the Chinese way of life in their family or social relationships?

Perhaps this is happening in some places, but it doesn't seem to amount to much of a movement at this point. Aside from the ever-popular appeal of Chinese martial arts, which precedes and is independent of any Chinese government charm offensive; the cultivation of a few Chinese arts among a small group of non-Chinese aficionados; and the allure of the the lovely Zhang Ziyi, evidence of a spreading Sinomania is lacking.

Spot on. There is no Sinomania. At this point, China has little or nothing to offer in terms of popular culture.

The spread of 'America' around the world in the 20th had two prongs, culture and products/brands.

Hollywood was and is the #1 exporter of American values on the cultural side. There is no Chinese equivalent. If anything, the serious competition for Hollywood is Bollywood.

There were/are iconic American products and brands like Coca Cola, Pepsi, Ford, Kodak, Xerox, IBM, Microsoft, Apple. There is no equivalent coming from China. Sure, the iPod you buy might be made in China (OK, it certainly is made in China) but it still bears an American brand, and that's what counts.

I couldn't even name any Chinese brand. There must be some, because I keep hearing horror stories about how Chinese companies "borrow" western designs and illegally manufacture and sell them under their own brand, but that's probably not the shortest path towards gaining soft power.

Side note about the spread of American culture - I suspect that for Africans or Asians and many others, it may be difficult and possibly irrelevant to distinguish between specifically American and generally Western culture. Do they really know or care which country, say, The Beatles or Rolling Stones were from?

Side note on the wide appeal of American popular culture: it is the input of African-Americans that distinguishes our music, song, and dance from European culture. And since movies made use of popular music and dance even before Civil Rights, they benefitted, also.

Don't know about Asians, but James Brown was huge in Africa--bets they cared more for Ray Charles and Otis Redding than the Stones, but knew where stuff came from. And the Stones and Beatles depended entirely on emulating American blues singers and rockers, covering their songs as well as writing originals.

I'm not much of a Stones fan, so I can't comment on that. The Beatles did cover American rock-and-roll songs at the start of their career, but all their biggest hits were their own, mostly composed by Lennon and/or McCartney. Saying that Beatles "depended entirely on emulating American blues singers and rockers" is, honestly, entirely ridiculous.

Look, I know that everything of importance was invented in America and Americans did everything first, but don't overdo it, okay?

I couldn't even name any Chinese brand.

Wait five years, and you'll be able to name 10. You probably wouldn't have been able to name a Japanese brand in 1965.

Accumulating Peripherals

Africans neither know nor care which country the Beatles or Rolling Stones are from because they don't listen to them; most have probably never heard of them. The comparable Western stars who were (and remain) influential were James Brown and Bob Marley, and more recently every major US, UK, and French hip-hop or R+B star. I'd bet more Africans know who Eminem is than know who the Beatles were.

To say there is "no Chinese equivalent" of Hollywood betrays a weird blindness, and to say that Bollywood is the real competitor is even more bizarre. Bollywood movies have never gained substantial market share in Europe or the Americas. In contrast, Chinese and Hong Kong films have done extremely well in the West. There is not a single Indian director who has made the transition to Hollywood successfully negotiated by John Woo, Ang Lee and half a dozen others. Bollywood films remain trapped in a constricting South Asia-only format that has little foreign appeal, while Chinese films have swept the world. Furthermore, China produces a perfectly staggering quantity of television serials, mostly swords-and-emperors stuff, which are syndicated throughout East Asia. (South Korea outcompetes China in TV, though.)

Chinese pop music, like all East Asian pop music except for Japanese, sucks. But give them time. There have been urban hipsters in China for all of 15-20 years now. And to say it's bad is not to say it lacks commercial influence; Hong Kong and China pop stars like Andy Lau are titanic in East Asia, even if they don't travel well outside.

Accumulating Peripherals

Wrong emphasis on my part. What I meant was their formative musical experiences were American blues and R&B. The particular genius of the Beatles was, at first, their humor, according to George Martin, who said it was why he signed them.

Ironic that many of us (including myself) only learned about American blues by way of the Brits like the Stones and Cream.

I tried to write a massive post on this but it is just too much. The basic point I want to make is that I think the US is slipping, a non west world is coming and China is the driver and the slippage is partially the result of a neglected american state department.
The chinese don't give a fig about sinomania or global popular culture, they want something more subtle. A world of complete international non interference where a sovereign government can do whatever to whomever and no outside body can legally complain. This is what wins them friends, even among some democracies but definately among the sudans and the zimbabwes of the world.
What is perverse is that the neocons agree with this too, they just think that the US can come out on top in such a world but I think the US loses big time with a world stripped of international norms and institutions. we would be back to the 19th century which was a very dangerous time for international relations and led directly to the nightmare of 1914. maybe that is what the neocons want too. They do seem to make a fetish of war.

Humor?  I was  way, way, out back in the fields, just now, peeps, planting corn. I ran in, breathless. Did I hear someone around here mention their humor?  :D   

Thank you . . .

John: Will the people in the cheaper seats clap your hands? And the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewelry.

George:  I'm a tidy sort of bloke. I don't like chaos. I kept the records in the record rack, the tea in the tea caddy, and the pot in the pot box.

Reporter: What do you think of Beethoven?
Ringo: I love him, especially his poems. 

Reporter:  Do you like topless bathing suits?
Ringo: We've been wearing them for years.

Reporter: Why do you think you get more fan mail than the other Beatles?
Ringo: I don't know. I suppose it's because more people write me.

Reporter: Ringo, you didn't look too happy when you got off of the airplane. Was there any reason?

Ringo: If you'd been on it for fifteen hours, how would you look?

John: How would he look, Ringo?

Ringo: I don't know. Look at him now.

Someone from the office rang me up and said, 'Look, Paul, you're dead.' And I said, 'Oh, I don't agree with that.'

Paul: When two great saints meet, it's a humbling experience.

 

Chinese directors in Hollywood make Hollywood movies.

Chinese TV serials watched only in China are perfectly irrelevant while discussing the export of cultures.

Formative musical experience, yes. But it's tricky with influences in art, because art rarely exists in vacuum and artists always tend to be influenced by those who came before them. So I wouldn't read too much into that.

As for the genius of Beatles, I thought it was music :-) It's true that they had typical English humour, slightly absurd and very funny (IMO anyway). I'm a bit surprised that their movies like Help aren't more popular.

Now that I think about it, the humour the Beatles had was very similar to that of Woody Allen.

Apparently the way it went was they're in a room, waiting, and Martin walks in and introduces himself, and George says, "Well, I don''t like your tie, for starters." 

Martin was way into comedy, having done records poking fun at classical music, with him on piano and Peter Ustinov singing. A British thing then, Dudley Moore comes from that musical-comedy tradtition. (We took over later with PDQ Bach.) So there was often a musical-arrangement eye-twinkle when Martin was involved. Think of the farting bass and ocarina solo in "Fool."

I don't say their accomplishments are reduced by influences. As you say, all art (and science, for that matter) reflects and actually depends on the past.

After all, I'm a huge fan. The Beatles are my formative experience.

There were/are iconic American products and brands like Coca Cola, Pepsi, Ford, Kodak, Xerox, IBM, Microsoft, Apple....

WERE. WERE is the right word.

Kodak, Ford, IBM and Xerox aren't what they used to be, and none of which are identified as "American" anymore just as Honda isn't Japanese and Jaguar isn't British anymore - the 70's are over, buddy, and brand loyalty is no longer tied to nationality.

Let me explain some facts to you about China:

There are more English speakers in China than in the USA.

The largest US city, is nowhere near the largest Chinese cities.

The entire population of the USA is merely a rounding error in the Chinese population.

Back in the 1950s the Japanese used to copy US made goods - then they beat our pants in building cars and cameras (Ford? Kodak? LOL! Don;t make me laugh.)
What makes you think the Chinese can't do that too?

Chinese TV serials watched only in China

Ahem: "exported throughout East Asia". Including Southeast Asia (Indonesia, pop. 200 million; Vietnam, pop. 85 million; Thailand, pop. 65 million; Philippines, Malaysia, Cambodia, Singapore, presumably Burma). I'm curious as to whether they're shown in India too. They're also very popular in Africa, but Africa tends to be a copyright-free zone where you can't make any money.

Accumulating Peripherals

And incidentally, Hong Kong directors in Hollywood are not "making Hollywood movies", any more than spaghetti westerns shot in Spain were "European movies" representing the dominance of European cinema over the US. Hong Kong and Chinese cinema has had a huge influence on American cinema for 15 years now, both because Chinese directors are directing in the US and because Americans are making Chinese-style movies. Quentin Tarantino's fractured timelines, multiple lead characters, and time-out action sequences are all heavily Hong Kong-influenced. Last year's Oscar-winning movie "The Departed" is a remake of the Hong Kong police thriller "Infernal Affairs". You are watching the influence of Chinese culture on the US; you just don't seem to know it.

Accumulating Peripherals

I am thinking. But I need to hear the way it sounds. You're  talking about an ocarina -- like in Wild Thing. So what you're thinking of sounds this way?

It's when the tune goes to chorus after "...see the world spinning 'round."

Oh . . . I thought for sure that was a recorder solo. Well, like I said, peeps, it'd be a train wreck without ya.  ;D

My neighbor is also my colleague, the tuba player. That's a tuba in your clip (which I just noticed).

Think you're right about recorder in Fool on the Hill.

Placed a reply here, this space is getting too skinny.

Leave a comment

Advertisement
Please disable your adblocker!
Ads are how we pay the bills!

Subscribe

The Coffee House
TPMCafe's regulars

House Brew
From Your Cafe Editor

Special Guests
Big names and big brains

Special Features
Pressing topics and trends

Table for One
An expert's week-long talk.

All Reader Posts
TPM readers discuss.

Recent Reader Posts

All Reader Posts »



Book Club Calendar


Coming Soon



Nov. 30-Dec. 4



January 12-16



« Book Club ArchiveFull calendar »

Book Club Archive



Masthead

Editor-in-Chief
Josh Marshall

Site Editor
Lila Shapiro

Intern
Kyle Krahel-Frolander



Subscribe to TPMCafe's feed.
Subscribe to TPMCafe's reader blog feed.

Advertise Liberally
Share
Close Social Web Email

"To" Email Address

Your Name

Your Email Address