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Another brick in the wall: What can forty years of Israeli occupation teach us about America's four years in Iraq?

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What with Secretary Gates’ visit to Israel and Iraq, all this talk of the Baghdad wall, and the comparison being drawn to the Israeli physical separation efforts of the Palestinians – and with 4 years of US occupation in Iraq and 40 years of Israeli occupation in the Palestinian areas coming up this June – well, time to draw some lessons as an Israeli for my American friends – so here they are in a piece I posted at the Guardian online:

A lead story out of Iraq in recent days has been the construction of a 12-foot high and three-mile long wall in the Adhamiya district of northern Baghdad. It represents the latest tactic used to quell the ever-spiralling sectarian bloodshed. Standing alongside Arab League Secretary Amr Moussa in Cairo, Iraqi Prime Minister al-Maliki announced that building of the wall would be halted, while US generals continue to explain that the matter was under discussion with their Iraqi counterparts. To make the situation even more awkward, coverage of the wall issue began just as US defence secretary Gates arrived in Baghdad as part of a regional swing-through that included a stop in Israel. Comparisons were inevitably drawn locally and internationally between Israel's separation barrier and this latest addition to the Baghdad skyline. Separation walls are a very sensitive issue in the Arab Middle East right now. One Baghdad pharmacists was quoted as asking, "Are we in the West Bank?"

Indeed, there are certain similarities - both the Americans and the Israelis are pursuing military, or even architectural, palliatives where political solutions are required. In both instances the barriers may temporarily decrease violence before new, and perhaps more devastating, means are used (missiles come to mind). American Generals used the seemingly over-laundered phrase "gated communities" (presumably golf courses will be added later), while Israel refers to a security fence. But in both instances this gentler language unsurprisingly fails to mitigate local anger. Secretary Gates' visit came at the halfway point between two rather unwanted Middle East anniversaries, the four-year anniversary of the US occupation in Iraq in March and the forty-year anniversary of the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories coming up in June.

The word occupation - ihtilal - is a powerful one in Arabic, and with even the Saudi leader, King Abdullah, referring to the American presence on its doorstep as ihtilal, the labelling issue is apparently decided.

Of course, the differences between the Iraqi and Palestinian situations outweigh the similarities. America is not a territorial neighbour of Iraq and the two countries are not in the same kind of territorial dispute. US forces are still there at the invitation of a democratically-elected government. While the ongoing Israeli occupation needs to be ended, Israel was at least clearly threatened by its neighbours in 1967 when the invasion took place, and has since faced frequent terrorist attacks launched from Palestinian territory. We now definitively know, if it was ever in doubt, that the same cannot be said about America and Iraq. The Israel Defence Force is a national service, conscription military, while the US has a volunteer army. Oh yes, and there are not too many American civilians queuing up to build permanent American settlements in Anbar province or anywhere else (temporary private contractors don't count).

But, ihtilal is ihtilal, and Robert Gates' trip to Israel might have been more productive (for American soldiers, at least, if not for military contractors) had the defence secretary spent more time with veteran critics of the occupation, rather than cutting deals on what weaponry would be sold to the Gulf and the shiny new toys Israel would receive in return. An honest conversation about occupation with Israelis could impart at least four lessons to Americans: you will make few friends; those friends you do make will pay a domestic price; you, too, will pay a domestic price; and life as an occupier will come to define your military.

Nobody will thank you. Simply put there is no such thing as a benevolent occupation and an ever-decreasing number of locals will see benefit in defining themselves as your friends. Part of the American conversation has become about those 'ungrateful Iraqis', but this misses the point. Appreciation cannot coexist with the level of violence and daily suffering now prevalent in Iraq. This round in the battle for legitimacy has been lost. You are an occupier and everything you do will be treated with suspicion. (By the way, pushing the government to pass legislation on oil revenue that will principally benefit your own companies hardly helps to allay those suspicions.) An old Israeli publication on "myths and facts" of the Palestinian question used to claim that the Palestinians benefited under Israeli rule. There were more universities, more freedoms than elsewhere in the Arab world, and so on. Long gone are the days when Israel tried to make such claims.

Those you consider friends will not have an easy ride and will spend most of their time avoiding the charge of collaborating with the occupation. The Sadrist forces recently joined the Fadila Party in quitting the Iraqi government becuase there was no timetable for American withdrawal. The non al-Qaedist Sunni opposition has trouble trying to ally itself with an American backed coalition, and even Prime Minister al-Maliki has occasionally sought to publicly distance himself from US positions. In the Palestinian Authority, Fatah tied its colours to the peace process with Israel and the assumption that America would deliver an end to occupation. It didn't. When Parliamentary elections came along, Hamas ran a stunningly simple set of campaign ads: "Israel and the US want you to vote Fatah." So, befriending you will carry a domestic burden, but there is another burden that will be all your own.

Occupation is a costly thing, even without civilian settlements. The supplies, logistics and bases for troops are all dollar-guzzling. Budgetary priorities are skewed and even the parameters for the debate on domestic social spending are narrowed. My Israeli social and education activist friends are well versed in the devastating domestic impact of investing in an occupation.

Finally, what will the American military look like when it gets deeper into the groove of occupation? One of the key findings of the Israeli commission investigating last summer's war in Lebanon is that the Israeli military cut back on its training and its preparedness for major military battle as a result of focusing on its duties in the Palestinian territories. Already in the US, with all the added burdens of a voluntary military, the strains on the army are being felt.

Of the US army's 44 combat brigades, all have served at least one tour in Iraq. Except for the one brigade permanently based in South Korea, the army's own deployment policy has been violated in extending tours of duty to 15 months. America has become seriously ill-prepared to assume its role in any trouble spots or threats that may emerge elsewhere in the world.

Yesterday was Independence Day in Israel, but the celebrations were somewhat lacklustre, and the ongoing occupation is a big part of that. It may sound counter-intuitive, but when Palestinians and Iraqis can mark their respective and authentic independence days, it will also be a time for Americans to celebrate. Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict will be just as important in restoring US credibility in the Middle East and undermining the forces of implacable extremism in the region, as the discovery of a holy grail to Iraqi de-occupation.

The solution on Israel-Palestine is known - just read the Clinton Parameters or Geneva Initiative. The majority of Israelis and Palestinians can support such solutions, and a formula also exists for engaging Hamas and allowing them to acquiesce in such an outcome. Solutions for Iraq are less readily available, but arrangements for a new political dispensation in that country, as well as for regional involvement and assistance, could all begin to be elaborated at next month's Iraq conference, which secretary of state Condoleezza Rice is due to attend.

In both situations, political will, creativity and courage are the missing prerequisites for success. Until the focus shifts in both Iraq and the Palestinian territories from the military to the political and diplomatic, it's all just another brick in the wall.


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American's can't learn from Israeli history if it can't have a memory longer than a gnat. The symbols that are so valuable to maintain this nation are laden with short memories and lack of insight. If not for the good nature of American citizens, who knows what this country would be like, but the ability to forsee the tragedy in Iraq was blinded by hatred for Muslims and rage over 9/11/01. Many had no previous contact with Muslims.

Further, Israel's occupation of Palestine makes little sense to Americans overall, if you read blogs, polls, listen to the Pavolvian screams of Anti-Semitism if you even get near the issue.

Iraq's occupation will not make sense because it occurs almost halfway around the world and is viewed thru 8 eyes (abc,nbc,cbs,cnn,fox,cspan,..) ok, 6 eyes or so.

Because people don't have a engaged relation with their citizenry, it seems to me I should say, they don't take responsibility for their government's actions.

A nation that does not take responsibility for its government's actions...is lost.

Intriguing post. I have been making this point since before the war in 2002. The Iraq Vietnam comparisons were always and remain deceptive. The critica difference being that in Viet Nam America faced a large, well trained, well equipped, highly motivated, and united enemy. Iraq's military was destroyed in 1991, and what the fascist warmongers, profiteers, and pathological liars in the Bush government deceptively lauded, and pimped as shock and awe, - was in truth the worlds hypersuperior military slaughtering people, and a naton with no air power, no sea power, and a rusting, poorly equipped, poorly trained, unmotivated, and highly disunited army that posed absolutely no threat to it's neighbors or America.

Thanks for making a long overdue poignant point.

Iraq is America's Palestine.

I had a former Ranger get all in my face at a bar just after Mar 19, 2003, and told me "you don't understand what those boys are going thru!", blah blah...

I pointed out simply that the metaphor fitting this was to go up to a homeless man who has been beaten down, robbed, and hogtied, and then pissing on him, putting your foot on it and calling it victory.

"Want a real fight?" I said to the former Ranger, "China now owns most of our debt, get us out of that war, genius."

point being, he was all gungho to beat up Iraq, a country that met us with no navy, airforce, organized force, tanks, or anything more, than determination, a beatup Toyota truck with a gun mounted turret, and home court advantage.

The stupidity of our leaders is akin to what the Israeli govt expects from Palestine, with her back up against the wall, facing dozers and Catapillar logos.

Zev Schiff argued in Haaretz that the reason why the IDF did not do a better job in Lebanon wa the years of occupation in the West Bank. As he, General Clark and many others have pointed out soldies aren't police. The longer the policing goes on the less powerful and efficient the military becomes.

Daniel A. Greenbaum

Just to note: a comparative and lively discussion on this essey can be read at the guardian: http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/daniel_levy/2007/04/isreal_and_the_wall.html

I think the "Pavlovian responses" [see csampsons posting] are are actually starting to come, much more often, from those who feel that the charge of antisemitism is thrown around too easily.

Please note, csampson, nobody was accusing anyone of anti-semitism.

I have found, on many internet postings recently that when discussion of the Middle East arise, the number of people who complain about getting called antisemitic far out weigh the number of times that anyone is actually getting called that. Increasingly, I find articles in which the first occurrence (in both the article and the feedback text) of the word "antisemitism", is when someone claims that information or opinions cannot be freely aired because someone will accuse them of being antisemitic.

Moreover, the complaint about getting called anti-semitic is starting to be used to preempt any discussion of the issue or any criticism of the opinion that follows.

Seems ironic.

I think that one of the reasons that American Jews were, from the start, largely opposed to the Iraq invasion/occupation is that they had been keenly watching the Israeli/Palestinian entanglement.

Especially on the heels of the blow-up following the 2000 Camp David attempts at peace, most American Jews knew on a gut level that good intentions and a superior Army were no type of guarantee that things would just work out.

I think George Bush couldn't really conceive that the the Iraqis would rather fight us for 1000 years, losing all the way, than submit to American rule, no matter how temporary the Americans claimed that rule would be. Again, after watching the Palestinians' choices over the years (and especially those following the summer of 2000) American Jews were aware that deep resentment in the Middle East does not likely lead to peaceful and rational nation building.

I wasn't suggesting someone here was accusing, I was agreeing with your last comment that the pattern holds...if you speak of it, you will be called an anti-semetic. Thats more founded by personal experience than what is occuring in this post.

I was mainly pointing out that discussing Israel's occupation leads to the anti-semetic charge in a way that shuts down conversation.

If someone does shut down...then I ask them...well, are you anti-semetic? "NO". Then don't bug about it.

You again, thank you, make my point about occupation exactly. When a foreign force occupies, one has no choice but to fight, no matter how long it takes.

The solution on Israel-Palestine is known - just read the Clinton Parameters or Geneva Initiative.

Yes, this is the baseline for what a final agreement should look like, but setting the borders, sharing Jerusalem and even reaching an agreement on the refugees is all less challenging than establishing a functional, non-revanchist Palestinian state.  A true solution needs to have a realistic path of getting there.

The majority of Israelis and Palestinians can support such solutions, and a formula also exists for engaging Hamas and allowing them to acquiesce in such an outcome.

What is this formula?  Does it include "eye of newt"?  Truly, if Levy has a magic potion that transforms militant Islamists into democrats with pragmatic views towards the dhimmi status of Jews and ceding dar-al-Islam, he shouldn't be hoarding it. 

While I reject the utter pessimism of Barry Rubin's latest op-ed in the Jerusalem Post, I have to agree with his dismissal of the unfounded faith of the Meretznik in the potential moderation of Hamas:

Make Hamas moderate. Take one percent of Hamas leaders' statements in English. Discard the rest and everything said by them in Arabic. Throw in the belief that no one can really be radical. Ignore the fact that they think they are divinely directed and need not change since they are winning. Mix well with ignorance and - voila, Hamas Moderation Stew, makes millions of portions.

The best lesson the U.S. can learn from the Israeli occupation is not to delude oneself as to the ease of maintaining or ending an occupation.  Otherwise, the differences of the situation vastly exceed the similarities.  We should be focused right now on how to extract ourselves from Iraq with the least damaging way to the Iraqis and our own security.    

I want to be clear, which perhaps I was not, I agree with most of what csampson wrote in the first post of this listing. Additionally, I'm in no position to know whether he himself has had to deal with ultra-sensitive folks who claim to see anti-semitism at every turn. Certainly some of those folks exist.

A more careful reading of what he wrote (and that which I chose to comment on) actually distances himself from emotionally laden Israeli/Palestine discourse. So , to the extent that it seemed I was lumping him in with that, I apologize.

However, I really do think that it has become so commonplace to point to the problem of being labeled anti-semitic, that more often than not, the complaint precedes the actual offense/annoyance.

Here's the thing, if I make an argument, in a public forum, that economic resources should be shared more equally, some fool out there (maybe 1 in a thousand) will respond by calling me a "communist". If I were to support Bush's domestic surveillance program, some fool would call me a "fascist". If I voice the opinion that G-d should not be mentioned in classroom pledges of allegiance, I'd get called a "godless atheist".

If I say something supportive of Israel, I'm a "Zionist". If I say something critical of Israel, some folks may call me an "anti-Zionist", some may even call me "anti-Semitic". But it ain't necessarily so.

For the most part, it is just immature name calling. I realize that an unfair accusation of "antisemitism" stings more than being called a "communist" (which is basically laughable), but I have found that most folks know the difference between criticizing Israeli policies and criticizing Judaism as a whole. Yet, there are some noisy folks, for sure, on both sides, that don't know where to draw the line.

I would urge all of us not to let a few loud mouths ruin the discussion to the extent that reasonable critics of Israeli policies (yes there is such a thing) feel hounded and unreasonable anti-Semites (yes they are out there too and when they speak out against Israel they do so with utter disrespect for Jews and history) feel emboldened.

i would urge all us us to speak our minds and to ignore the immature complaints of others.

my friend, I took no offense, nor feel lumped in.

in my case, I've been very vocal...i'm just getting my legs here in this forum. I'm a young man born in 1969...and most events before and after my birth shaped the politic I inherit. But hasn't that been true for all our families histories? One such confusing subject was Israel/Palestine. Of course on TV, all Palestine stories involved terrorists, never suffering, nor isolation, historical backdrop, fair witness, etc. Israel was not criticized much on the ABCNews stuff I would see. I didn't really get it. I was more curious about it from the "revelations" point of view, because I'd hear that more often in my periphery.

The topic of religion in general was not prominent in our house, but in the surrounding culture. I was pretty focused on historical religious questions feeling somewhat outside the norm on the Christian paradigm I was being raised in. The fact that in Houston I didn't get raised with anyone outside Baptists, some Methodists, etc, even Judaism was foreign. So Islam was REALLY foreign.

When I finally sat down and studied the history of the region, it was so vast a subject, that I kept going back, and back, and back. The best starting point for me has been one that interlocks me with Iraq...The Ottomans.

The long Ottoman rule, then the rise of British and US forces in both regions seems no coincidence. The establishment of the Iraqi Petrolium Company, and other such operations world wide, as a last ditch control with the exit of the British Colonial rule.

As a student of Indian music, I have studied a bit about the last few hundred years of Indian history, especially due to the Muslim presence in the north. Certainly it is not native to India, but how India handled the split, and continues to handle the division, is tense and often sees outburst of violence. Of course you also have the various abandoned people like the Biharis in Bangladesh who are detain in detention camps.

I have asked the same question in both arenas...who benefits when my brothers fight?

Who am I to hate a man or woman I've never met because the TV told me to?

This is a chaotic time and there are specific people in DC and abroad who are on public record as benefiting from this war. The rise in profits for Halliburton, the Exxon boom profits, the passing of legislation that expands the power of the government over its citizens, but reduces their recourses?

Time to wake up and smell the burning smell around the world and get our act together. I fully agree with you to speak up. I would like to add that we must, in my opinion, exercise understanding of the people in these conflicts and ask who benefits. Who isn't paying a cost right now while chearing it on?

I used to have a buddy who got me in lots of fights...but he'd always step out while I fought what he started. I got into it for stupid noble ideals. I thought I was defending what was an injustice. But I didn't realize he was instigating things with people, then relying upon my life to get away with swindles.

I had a choice to stop fighting. I finally did it.

Our men and women in uniform, they don't get that choice so easily and without recourse.

Being a citizen is a full time job. I wish to think that others are doing so, and one thing I ask is how many calls have been received.

One of the lesser known details of end of Cold War History is that when the E. Germans held their fire sale just before Unification in October 1990, they sold the plans for what was known as the Anti-Fascist Protective Barrier (in the West, known as the Berlin Wall), to Israel. What was sold was the detailed technical drawings as well as all operational specifications.

Saying that, maybe we should thus examine some of the details of a "wall" that worked pretty much as planned. Operational and Maintence costs increased every year, from 1961 on, and eventually it became one of the largest industries in E. Germany, even though most of the actual personnel were conscript soldiers selected for their ideological trustworthyness, and thus very poorly paid. All portals however required much better paid Stasi officers, with 24/7/365 coverage -- 3 and a half shifts at all times. Over the years it was in place, it required an average of 1/4th of the Cement production in E. Germany. (The wall had 3 generations, with no "model" lasting more than about ten years before necessary replacement.) The final model consumed about two years production of re-bar...one of the reasons the E. Germans were so slow re-doing their parts of the autobahn. The anti-grab feature that topped the wall -- was sewer pipe slit to fit over the moduels, and it slowed down sewer construction by an estimated two years, mostly in smaller towns and outlying areas.

Efforts to "automate" things over time were quite unsuccessful. In the 70's they installed automatic shooting devices in the no-mans-land, and these were quite successful in killing deer and rabbits, and thus were eventually removed. Some of the deer were dressed and used to feed the conscript border guards. (roadkill)

In the last couple years of the Berlin Wall hand held lazars became available cheaply, and security services on both sides were using them to transmit code -- much like morse code. But on the West Side some of the Berlin Youth were involved in blinding border guards in the towers and in the death strip. The thing came down before anyone figured out defense.

All this suggests to me that Anti-Fascist Protective Barriers may be a little too expensive for our taste, and perhaps not all that effective in the end.

Indeed, it is the charge of “anti-Semitism” itself that is toxic. For this venerable slander is designed to nullify public discourse by smearing and intimidating foes and censoring and blacklisting them and any who would publish them (Pat Buchanan).

csampson,

When a foreign force occupies, one has no choice but to fight, no matter how long it takes.

When viewed in the context of the comment to which you had responded upstream by TonyForesta...,

Iraq is America's Palestine.

...the narrative that develops is often based on a false comparison.  The more Israel is accepted as an illegitimate presence in the region, the better the Israeli occupation of Arab Palestine works as a metaphor for the US occupation of Iraq.  Further, the argument that Zionism was and remains an imperialist colonial movement works best the less one recognizes a legitimate Jewish national identity with a rightful place among the nations of the region.  Too often, progressives tend to limit Jewish identity strictly to its religious component, and seem content to characterize Jews as just another white European "Judeo-Christian" sect.  Correspondingly, criticisms of Israel tend to be lumped in with such mischaracterizations, and broad accusations of antisemitism are leveled.

[Update] I should be more clear in that the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories itself is not wholly legitimate, and should not be confused with a legitimate Jewish national presence in the Middle East.  Jewish and Arab national rights in the former British Mandate are not mutually exclusive.  Meanwhile, Palestinians remain as stateless now as they did prior to June of 1967 when Israel advanced on Egyptian forces in Gaza and Jordanian forces in the West Bank.

When a foreign force occupies, one has no choice but to fight, no matter how long it takes.  csampson

Germany? Japan? But I do agree that tribal honor-based societies don't take well to occupation.

Sara! Thank you for that. What a facinating tale! One of the best examples of "the simplest solution is always the most expensive" that I've read in a long time.

Perhaps building a wall between the U.S. and Mexico will indeed work. In 30 years our economy will look like theirs and Mexicans will have no incentive to come here.

Perhaps that is why al-Maliki objected to the Baghdad wall, he could see a Halliburton make-work project deep into the century.

Where in the world did you did up that gem?

Germany and Japan were both already defeated, and Japan specifically had surrendered. They willingly accepted the occupation as a response, only because they had already been defeated.

Iraq might disagree, and obviously Palestine disagrees. So maybe we should make a distinction about when Occupation involves surrender or other such fulcrum admitting defeat.

The main question for me has been the validity of the Balfour ideals, or more specifically, the nation state drawings post WWI that after WWII brought more instability and hostility. Iraq and Israel are two of the major examples of nation state drawing gone wrong.

I personally support having a homeland for Jewish people because as a Bohemian and Scot mix, I want an independent Scotland, and am satisfied with the direction of my Czech people. I want the same for Tibetans, E. Timorese, Puerto Ricans, et al. So of course the Palestinians are forfront in my mind because of the cameras and the religious nature of the region, but they are also one of many who have no home. Ask our Bihari brothers and sisters in Bangladesh in their Geneva camps.

The tribes of Abraham aren't rooted in Fiji, nor Nepal that I know of, so seems that the area between Mesopotamia and Judea are the areas that will be considered home.

Why doesn't anyone discuss this from the method and map to our current dilemma or who outside of Israel/Palestine benefits? Putting it all on Israel or Palestine limits the discussion too much.

Who, not including the above mentioned, benefits from this ongoing tragedy of cousins?

I can understand the linking to Apartheid by critics but only because I'm very well versed in the history of Apartheid and British and Dutch rule systems there, and they are not much different than the bantustans.

The feeling of humiliation led to violence. It robbed human beings of their dignity long enough that they lashed out.

Whether it be the Sharpeville Massacre or the beginning of the Second Intifada, these comparisons will continue until the country with the power, Israel, changes its course and the Palestinians show a united force that isn't steeped in violence as a recourse.

But we have to change the US involvement in the region it seems to me, and I know that AIPAC and evangelical Christians are working overtime to keep the policy at the forefront of DC's policy making.

I support a wise balance that preserves the lives of both Israelis and Palestinians, and the removal leaders who can't attain that goal.

csampson,

Why doesn't anyone discuss this from the method and map to our current dilemma or who outside of Israel/Palestine benefits? Putting it all on Israel or Palestine limits the discussion too much.

Who, not including the above mentioned, benefits from this ongoing tragedy of cousins?

I am not altogether certain that there is any party that benefits from the ongoing conflict -- except arms manufacturers and dealers.

If I read you correctly, I believe you and I are very close to agreement in regard to spreading around a good deal of responsibility for a solution to the conflict beyond the Israelis and Palestinians.  First, the entire region has been a chessboard for real imperial powers for a long time; and there are more principal parties to the overall conflict than Israel and Palestinians, namely the 22 member nations of the Arab League that are only now beginning to show some willingness to even think about recognizing the legitimate sovereignty of a non-Arab nation-state in the region.

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