Security First
Both neoconservatives and liberals have overestimated the extent to which one nation, even a superpower with United Nations support, can re-engineer regimes. Neoconservatives believe forced democratization is possible; liberals believe in the transformative power of foreign aid, debt relief, trade concessions and support for reformers. The tragic reality is that both approaches to long-distance, large-scale social engineering have failed in most cases.
Read the rest of the piece here (PDF).
(Crosspost with Amitai Etzioni Notes )















Both neoconservatives and liberals have overestimated the extent to which one nation, even a superpower with United Nations support, can re-engineer regimes.
or underestimated our own morality.
The tragic reality is that both approaches to long-distance, large-scale social engineering have failed in most cases.
Or brought our own failures there.
March 23, 2007 12:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
Why is this just in foreign poliicy? Isn't it the same problem domestically? How many policies, even using taxes and regulations can transfer ones own culture?
Daniel A. Greenbaum
March 23, 2007 12:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
I am gratified to see that Mr. Etzioni's communitarian principles are restrictive in their interventionist foreign policy agendas for world superpowers like ourselves. I would add a cautionary note to Mr. Etzioni's enthusiastic embrace of Western Liberalism however. Western style countries comprise a social fabric of their own. I take issue with the view that the social fabric of advanced Liberal Democracies such as ours constitute an end-point in history. It is not clear to me that Mr. Etzioni shares this view with me. Sure we see ourselves as the "right" kind of society; the kind that it is desirable for all others to evolve into. But that is because of the basic communitarian principle that our very consciousness is determined by the enculturation we have undergone here at home.
If we take a critical look at the (ever expanding) free market consumer driven society that we live in, it is not at all certain that this is some sort of terminus. In fact it is not even sustainable in actuality on a global scale on energy requirements alone. So to Mr. Etzione, I would say : not only do other nations need to change, so do we and it is cultural imperialism ( or to put it in communitarian terms: cultural delusion) to maintain otherwise.
March 23, 2007 5:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
A major claim of Etzioni seems uncontroversial: the better is enemy of good. If we set larger goals than we can achieve, we fail and we loose "good" in the pursuit of "better".
Concrete claims seem controversial however. Our "democratization" agenda was grotesquely inconsistent. Right now, there is a political crisis in Pakistan because de-facto dictator, ostensibly constitutional President and chief-of-army Musharraf dismissed the Chief Justice and lawyers around the country took exception to it. One reason for the dismissal was the attempt to curtail the practice of arbitrary capture, torture and occasionally, killing (or vanishing) of opponents. The point is that US government encouraged and aided this practice.
Democratization of Afghanistan was nowhere as serious and sincere as Mr. Etzioni describes. Moreover, his prescription, leaving warlords in place for the sake of security, was actually followed, with the sad corollary that previous excesses of these warlords was exactly what made Taliban popular, and now, surprise! Taliban's popularity is rising again. And can anyone explain why there is no national Afghan military that would take security tasks away from narco-warlords --- and NATO forces? How many years does it take to train military in a society where most of the male populations are decent marksmen? I guess that colonialist mentality does not allow to trust local natives, and to believe that an effective fighting force can operate without airforce etc. And why are we running concentration camps there (perhaps small, but with torture chambers)?
Sincere and thoughtfull support of democracy was never attempted, and criticism should take this into account.
Perhaps I erred saying that democratization agenda was inconsistent. The execution was consistently hypocritical, there is no single example of genuine preference of democratic forms of government that was exhibited by our policies.
March 23, 2007 10:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think any discussion of 'regime change' or Iraq, for that matter, is complete and unmitigated horsecrap, in so many words, unless it includes a frank review and reference to the issue of the oil in the ground in that country.
Let's 'democratize' OUR country by getting the oil business out of our nations' business. If that means slapping a dollar-a-gallon 'war tax' on gasoline, then do it, but account for every single penny of that money and use it to burn off the national debt to whatever extent possible. I also think that Congress, as a body, in the spirit of recognizing that the country's gotta conserve both money and minerals these days, should voluntarily turn back 10% of their pay, as a sign of 'good faith'. If there was no oil in Iraq, in my view there would be no soldiers in Iraq. Saddam was an a-hole, but he was their a-hole. If the people that live there want democracy, they'll establish it, if they just want money, pick your own 'they', there, then this charade will continue. Guns n money...
March 24, 2007 1:30 AM | Reply | Permalink
~
Well at least you and two time Medal-of-Honor recipient General Smedley Butler are on the same wave-length...
~OGD~
aka/ William B. Williams
March 24, 2007 7:50 AM | Reply | Permalink
The "Democracies" Bush created in Afghanistan and Iraq are nothing more than Potemkin Villages.
March 24, 2007 7:54 AM | Reply | Permalink
The real puzzle is how to achieve subversion without bombs, and without people turning towards the tyrannical (even if they're turning from the tyrannical). The point is not to turn every country Western, but to turn every people - including the Western peoples - towards deep but largely-peaceful subversion. We need to return to something like the late-60s climate where youth was turning to subversion trans-nationally, but do it this time without ending up with a gravitation towards the Red Guards or other similar totalitarian-Marxist crap. What we need is not ideology, but the live cultural contagion that, in its yearning for the transcendence of true freedom, sweeps the ossified forms of the 20th Century away, regardless of locale or culture.
Again, this cannot work in the name of any ideology; but it can work very well as the true possibilities of the human spirit are revealed in fresh expression.
March 24, 2007 4:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
Sooo.... lesseeeee now. I think its the same old story. Boy meets girl. Boy loses girl. Complete idiot gets a hold of mighty empire. Complete idiot wrecks it all in record time. Learned wise men stroke their beards and pontificate as to how it was all inevitable and any man, wise or foolish would have wound up in the same place. Complete idiot still has enough juice to turn Learned wise men into Eunuchs, so they know their place.
I dunno. I don't buy into this whole 'written on the looms of fate' sort of notion.
While I think we can all agree that the Neocon approach to power has been a dismal failure, I'd argue that other approaches used by the United States in uneven pursuit of erratic policy goals have worked remarkably well. Much better in many cases than they had a right too.
If Etzioni is arguing that the United States lacks unlimited fiat power to transform the universe. Well, no one but the neocons ever really believed that nonsense.
Over the last fifty years, the United States was amazingly successful at determining and dominating the global political agenda. Between the US and USSR they aligned global politics completely, largely suppressing or rendering irrelevant third party powers, in an arrangement principally favourable to the United States. On a variety of fronts, for better or worse, American priorities re-ordered the world to its liking, whether this resulted in the Globalization movement of the 90's, or the repressive latin American pro-US client states of the 70's and 80's.
On a diplomatic front, America's positives including interventions in the Pakistan-India War by Nixon, the Middle East Peace Treaty whose benefits everyone continues to enjoy under Carter, outlasting the Soviet Union, etc.
In terms of democratization, we've seen Democratic regimes come to power in Spain, in Portugal, throughout Latin America, in South Korea, Asia, the former Soviet Union.
America can't take all the credit for it, and its foreign policy is an inconsistent and erratic mixed bag. But certainly there's no cause for despair.
Infinite power remains beyond everyone's reach.
But that's a good thing.
March 24, 2007 6:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
Great idea: include the media in this policy for war wages.
They advanced the unquestionable "write" policy for the war!
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Today, are we searching for I deals or Ideals?
-Thinking
March 24, 2007 8:17 PM | Reply | Permalink
I give that paragraph a 10.
As to the rest of the post; I don't find anything to disagree with, but any good we've done around the world since the end of WWll came at a horrific price in terms of lives and our treasury, and it continues today in Iraq.
I think to myself, why do we need a defense budget of almost half a trillion dollars. We're not going to fight WWll again; there will be no more island hopping in the Pacific, no more D Days, yet we have how many carrier battle groups, how many submarines? Why do we need to maintain so many nuclear missiles, talk about over doing it!. Why do we need an Army and the Marines Corps to be as large as they are? The Air Force that we have?
Our defense budget didn't keep us from being attacked on 9/11 and Iraq isn't showing how strong we are but how weak we are.
How often do we have to be reminded of the waste, corruption and conflict of interest in the Pentagon? The swinging door between Generals/Colonels and political appointees and the Defense industry?
From what I understand our defense budget is larger than that of the next 10 industrial nations combined, and yet most, if not all of them, have universal health care. And most, if not all, have not experienced a 9/11.
I could go on and on with this rant and yes, I know some of it may be horribly wrong or misguided, but I'll end with this.
If you give certain people in government the military we have, they chomp at the bit to use it; Vietnam, Beirut, Granada, Panama, Desert Storm, and now Iraq.
March 25, 2007 5:06 AM | Reply | Permalink
I agree. Furthermore, I think there are many other liberals who would agree with you. The idea that we have not yet reached an endpoint is a keystone of mainstream liberalism.
March 25, 2007 8:45 AM | Reply | Permalink
"Democracy". "Create a Democracy". "Supporting Democracy".
"Fostering Democracy". "We created a Democracy in Afghanistan."
"We created a Democracy in IRaq."
Christ, I nearly swoon when I hear those words and phrases, its all I can do to keep from rushing right out and buying 10 American Flags. (sarcasm)
There is "Democracy" then there is Democracy. When Bush claims he wants to help create Democracies around the world he no doubt means his version of Democracy. What Bush types see as a Democracy is the type that evolves as ours has into an Oligarchy. Its when we try to spread this particular form of Democracy that we get in trouble.
March 25, 2007 2:34 PM | Reply | Permalink