Polarization's Roots? Follow the Money
Ed Kilgore, commenting insightfully at his NewDonkey blog about TNR’s Alan Wolfe-Peter Berkowitz debate over political polarization, joins Wolfe and Berkowitz in neglecting what may be the most important factor in setting in motion today’s vitriolic climate: the incendiary personalities of the right’s key original funders. Those individuals were Richard Mellon Scaife (who famously called a Columbia Journalism Review reporter “a f—king Communist c—t,” ugly, and with terrible teeth), William Simon (who ran the Olin Foundation during its heyday and was nicknamed “William the Terrible” for his temper), Michael Joyce (a combustible hothead who ran the Bradley Foundation for much of that same period before finally alienating his board), and Joseph Coors (said by his brother to be “a little bit right of Attila the Hun”).
Each of those guys hated what they called “the regulatory state” and “the welfare state” with the same passion that they hated communism, labor unions, civil rights activists, and the anti-war movement. Simon, Joyce, and Coors (all dead now) were public flamethrowers, while Scaife along with the libertarian Koch brothers generally vented their hostility toward the government more quietly through their philanthropic acts. But they all shared Grover Norquist’s mission of drowning the government in a bathtub, they didn’t give a damn about the niceties of social discourse, and in all probability they recognized how funding polarizing voices in and of itself could help undercut public support for government by elevating cynicism about politics.
The whole “war of ideas” depiction of policy debates was primarily a construct perpetuated with great fervor by the Heritage Foundation, which received abundant largesse over the years from the foundations run by those individuals. Before Heritage was launched in 1973, the pre-existing think tanks across the political spectrum, including conservative outposts like AEI and the Hoover Institute, saw themselves as engaged in disagreements that were essentially scientific -- not militaristic. For better or worse, places like Brookings, RAND, and the Urban Institute still don’t remotely consider themselves to be fighting on one side of a war the way the right now universally does.
The individuals most responsible for building the conservative movement’s ideas factories, advocacy groups, and media megaphones largely succeeded in their mission of inflicting enormous damage on government in America – and consequently on the country generally. One important element of that dubious accomplishment has been transforming the way we talk about issues from one in which evidence, reason, and good manners were the norm into one where school civics classes could qualify for PG-13 ratings. Election verdicts can help to begin the process of repairing some of the damage to the government. But thanks in no small part to the ill-mannered funders of the right, we’re probably stuck for good with rampant incivility.
















Has anybody discussed the role increasing economic inequality may have played in rising political polarization?
March 8, 2007 12:51 PM | Reply | Permalink
There is an interesting report on how these same people influenced the public perspective on the estate tax issue. They have not only opposed social safety net policies, but worked for their personal self-interest as well.
Here's a link to the PDF of the report.
When you have a family like the Waltons who are worth about $80 billion the concepts of a democratic debate about policies go out the window. They can (and do) buy academics to flog their ideas. One can tell that these are not serious institutions (including Hoover) since their members seldom publish in peer-reviewed journals. Instead they use the distribution arms of the organizations to put out their work. Hoover even pays for ads in opinion magazines to distribute the "findings" of its researchers. Sounds like a vanity press to me.
--- Policies not Politics
Daily Landscape
March 8, 2007 1:43 PM | Reply | Permalink
The right-wing conspiracy imagined as a "vanity press." Love it; so deflating.
March 8, 2007 1:54 PM | Reply | Permalink
One large part of this conservative movement was their ability to manipulate the lower middle class and those at the bottom , (through conservative talk radio, certain publications and think tanks, television personalities, academics, and Republican politicians all using demogoguery and dissembling and the ever present hint of racism and anti-semitism), into building the gallows these Capitalists would use to hang them.
Its my contention that when the liberals lost power, and the Reagan types started their ascendency, the lower middle class and those at the bottom, a notable majority of the public, lost their representation. This majority must now rely on the Republican Party and the business friendly wing of the Democratic Party, the DLC, for representation.
The people behind the Foundations and funding mentioned in the article above, would more accurately be called "unbridled capitalism seekers", rather than Conservatives.
March 8, 2007 2:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
Add to that list two modern-day successors:
March 8, 2007 2:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
i agree that the right wingers turned character assination, deceipt etc. to the extreme.
however, the left, particulalry around reproductive rights, contributed to the polarization, using hate speech, litmus tests, etc.
"Borking" was not a right wingnut contribution to our political process.
March 8, 2007 5:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think character assassination was raised exponentially by Lee Atwater, and later, by Newt Gingrich.
Check out Gingrich's list of words, I think there were 60, Repub candidates should use to describe the Dems "abuse of power.....betray....anti (flag, family, jobs, etc.).............corrupt, corruption, decay,
sick, traitors, welfare, to name a few.
I think "Borking" is mild when used as a verb, I'm not sure where it came from.
March 8, 2007 5:41 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think this is way too generous a view of the way political discourse happened in years past. Vituperative attacks on one's opponents have been a hallmark of politics since the beginning of the country. Ever read what was written in 18th century political pamphlets? Ever heard of the time in the 19th century when fistfights broke out on the Senate floor? Ever hear what Franklin Roosevelt was called by conservatives during the Depression? His response is still the best: "They are unanimous in their hatred for me - and I welcome their hatred."
It may be more accurate to say that the relative levels of civility wax and wane. In times of great peril, there is more civility, in general, for instance. But the idea that there was some mythical past when politics was conducted with pure civility is exactly that - a myth.
March 8, 2007 7:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
Interesting discussion. There is an 18th century cartoon showing a dog lifting his leg on President Washington. Ann Coulter hasn't broken any ground when it comes to vituperation.
It's surprising no one has mentioned Rupert Murdoch. I don't know if he funds foundations. With Fox News as a mouthpiece, he hardly needs to bother. I find it fascinating that part of Murdoch's empire (Fox broadcast TV) rakes in the dough promoting decadence, the dumbing down of America, the coarsening of the culture, while another part (Fox News) denounces this degradation while slyly participating in it (think Bill O'Reilly).
March 8, 2007 8:47 PM | Reply | Permalink
The right wing money trail leads deep into the heart of Academia, as well. In little more than one year my campus was
The campus young republican newspaper was also heavily subsidized. Not a lot of fun walking to the lecture between signs held by students claiming they were being brainwashed.
There seems to be no equivalent source of funding for young Democrats on campus, and cupcake sales can't suffice to raise funds for quality speakers from the left of the spectrum. It would be nice to see this change, MHO.
aMike
March 9, 2007 4:36 AM | Reply | Permalink
and the answer is:
May the DLC wither and die. Too cozy with daddy warbucks means poor representation for the commoner.
Absolutely. The narrowing of the middle class and middle class wealth and influence giving way to the super rich.
March 9, 2007 5:43 AM | Reply | Permalink
Brad, Without question acrimony is nothing new. But you seem to be saying that the nature of political debates is no different now than in the past, subject to ebbs and flows of conditions like whether the country is at great peril or not. Well, within weeks of 9/11, Andrew Sullivan was warning of a new fifth column, and right wingers at The Weekly Standard and the National Review were actively intimidating anyone who suggested that we should investigate how the attacks could have happened. That stands in contrast to, say, the aftermath of Pearl Harbor, when both parties actively sought answers to how we could be so vulnerable and public investigation occurred quickly.
Cheney and Rummy have continued to lash out against purported "appeasers" for merely raising concerns and asking questions about Iraq. There were no books written in the 1960s and earlier with titles like The Party of Death and Liberal Fascism, or analogues to the stuff written and said by Ann Coutler and Dinesh D'Souza. Obviously, there was nothing akin to the mindless ranting on cable every night, and political talk radio was much less pervasive and generally less vituperative, though there have always been some right-wing loudmouths on radio.
Do you really think nothing has changed, and that movement conservatism hasn't affected the norms of debate that the public hears day in and day out regardless of what's in the news at any given moment? -- Greg
March 9, 2007 6:06 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think what you are seeing is the proliferation of media outlets more than anything else. In years past, you had nasty pamphleteers, and people would say nasty things about their political enemies that would be picked up in newspapers and gossiped about in cocktail parties. But no, you didn't have nasty books or nasty people on cable TV shoutfests. Obviously.
But the analog of today's Weekly Standard intimidations were yesterday's McCarthyites finding communists under every rock. Attacks against Socialists in the early 20th century were pretty nasty. And of course there was the toxic racial politics of years past, when anything that smacked of tolerance was denounced by many as "nigger-lovin'" I could go on. Finally, while clowns like Ann Coulter are perhaps more common on the right, the left is not immune. Michael Moore is the Ann Coulter of the left, throwing around outrageous charges that stroke the erogenous zones of those who are ideologically predisposed. And incivility is surely a feature of Al Franken's books. Not that Rush Limbaugh ISN'T a big fat idiot, but that title doesn't exactly evoke a spirit of politeness. Franken of course, pre-dates 9/11 and the Bush Administration.
As for Pearl Harbor, pacifists and isolationists who opposed getting into the war were ostracized in a big way. My uncle was a conscientious objector in WWII and spoke with great bitterness how he could not get a job and was compelled to be subjected to medical experiments. Perhaps the difference is that there just weren't that many people who fell in that category and you didn't have the government trying to exaggerate the threat they posed. It's a measure of how unserious the Bush Administration has been about the war that they spent so much more time thinking about how to get political advantage out of the 9/11 attacks than to actually thinking about how to respond effectively.
All of this is not to say that the world wouldn't be a better place without the Coulters and Hannitys of the world. It's just that history shows people like them exist in every age. It's just that the media is a much louder megaphone in today's world.
March 9, 2007 7:41 AM | Reply | Permalink
Funding, shmunding, let's get energy-independent, get people working, producing what we need domestically. Think a little outside the ballot box, let's have our green homes, our high-efficiency appliances, non-petroleum-dependent transportation, that kind of stuff.
March 11, 2007 1:30 AM | Reply | Permalink