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Do We Want a Market in Organs?

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I raised this question in the New York Times on February 25th in reference to a book review. In view of the venomous reaction from those who promote trade in human organs, please note the respect with which I treat those I differ with and the fact that I raised issues, and not attacked persons.

I wrote:

Virginia Postrel, a renowned libertarian, draws on “Last Best Gifts,” by an economic sociologist, Kieran Healy (Jan. 28), to argue that the altruistic “ideology” of giving the gift of life stands in the way of developing a market in organs.

Actually, what we need is more, not fewer, evocations of our moral responsibilities. Currently most states essentially leave it to each individual — if and when she renews her driver’s license — to indicate whether she is willing for her organs to be harvested.

If, instead, whenever people fill out forms in doctors’ offices, clinics and hospitals, they were given a form that would remind them of the suffering of the many thousands who are dying for donations and would tell them how much we all hope they give that which they cannot take with them — many more organs would be available. Such a clear articulation of what the community considers good citizenship would be further enhanced if donors were listed on a Web page, a sort of honor roll.

In contrast, if the market steps in, we know from experience in other nations that the rich would purchase the organs and the poor would risk their health by selling theirs. One can be a market zealot and still argue for keeping the money-changers out of this temple.

The New York Times added the following note, on the basis of information I provided the paper,

The writer directs the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies at George Washington University. His paper “Organ Donation: A Communtarian Approach” may be read at: dspace.wrlc.org/bitstream/1961/204/1/A302.pdf

My note elicited this response from her blog. Note that I saluted Ms. Postrel’s altruistic act of donating one of her kidneys. She of course did not sell hers but generously gave it freely to another person (who wrote to me). Thus Ms. Postrel provides a highly commendable example of the approach I believe we ought to try.

As to self promotion, unlike Ms. Postrel I did not mention a thing about myself and my contributions. I did promote an idea that I believe will save lives. Given the shortage of space in the NYT, I did provide a link so that those interested in details can find the relevant text.

I see nothing to apologize for. Sadly these days those who get most of the air time are those who are full of sound and furry, the like of O’Reilly on Fox. These are often people who cannot defend their positions and distract attention from the weakness in their approach, by cussing out those who respectfully beg to differ.

Most important, there is no reason for a libertarian to oppose moral appeals. They leave the choice to the individual, unlike government coercion. Indeed the more people do what must be done in response to appeals to their better angels, the less there is a need for government action when markets fail or in areas they have should no tread in the first place.

Note—in a very welcome contrast to Ms. Postrel personal attacks—see a very thoughtful response and set of ideas by Kieran Healy.

(Crosspost with Amitai Etzioni Notes)


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The real question is, "How is it working?" Will more sick people get new organs with moral appeals or with cash? Letting sick people die for some moral posturing is revolting.

The sons of the prophet are noble and bold,
and quite unaccustomed to fear.
But the bravest by far in the ranks of the Shah
was Abdul Abulbul Amir

Just make it a law that people who die, say below the age of 50 (I'm assuming you don't want an 80 year old's organs) must donate their useable organs - there's the additional supply.

Postrel seems to want to equate live organ donation with blood or plasma donation and that just doesn't make sense. If I go sell plasma right now, my body will regenerate what I've sold in a short amount of time. If I go donate a kidney, I'm not likely to grow a new one. Her analogy fails.

And, yes, allowing for the sale of organs by one person to another will basically turn the poor into organ sacks for the rich.

thosethingswesay.blogspot.com

Yes, but some one will say that offends their religious belief and the law would be overturned on those grounds, if it were passable to begin with.

thosethingswesay.blogspot.com

Apparently you accept the CW that organ transplants are automatically and always a good thing.  I don't.  I recoil at the thought of them and have ever since the first heart transplant.  I've tried reading and rationalizing but nothing so far convinced me to change how I feel.  It is a relief to now be beyond the suitable age for either donation or receipt.

I thought about discussing the reasons I feel as I do but realized I don't have to justify them to anyone.  I only replied to let you know that a law such as you propose would be based on a belief that is not shared by all.

The whole idea is stupid. In addition to the moral concerns that Dr. Etzioni brought, biologically and legally, it just wouldn't work.

First of all, the problem isn't "efficiency--" the problem is actual physical scarcity. Most healthy organs are inside of healthy living people, and that's why there aren't enough to go around.

Second of all, outside of kidneys, there aren't duplicate sets of organs. _Maybe_ you could convince someone to sell his kidney on the open market. But only the insane or terminally stupid are going to sell a lung or a cornea. As for hearts or livers, fuhgeddaboudit.

Also, how exactly is the sale going to be enforced? You can't just store an organ in the freezer indefinitely-- they'd have to be carried around by the seller until someone actually needed it.

So suppose Joe Organseller gets a call one day, and the guy on the other end of the line says "Hi, Joe, remember that $20,000 we gave you for the rights to your left kidney? Time to pony up, sport." Joe thinks it over and says "You know what, I've changed my mind." At this point the only option is to have the police arrest Joe, sedate him, and carry out the surgery with Joe tied to the OR table. Not gonna happen either. I suppose you could make him pay a legal penalty for reneging, but what good is that going to do for the buyer?

Libertarians have some good ideas. This ain't one of them.

Noel

A shot of Soylent Green, anyone?

Seriously, market forces will only go so far in this endeavor to lower the cost to an affordable sum by increasing supply.

Even a donated organ still has to be "harvested" (god, do I hate that word in this context), properly installed, and then monitored for many years with anti-rejection drugs and solid medical care. Those costs are huge, and without excellent medical insurance, well, bake sales can only raise so much.

The concept of donation is a laudable one, the decision a personal one, and the act a selfless one, none of which require $$$$$.

Installation and maintenance are extra, manufacturer's warranty applies.

Alphonse ( Al ) Kada
Iranians are fighting the Americans in Iraq so they don't have to fight them on the streets of Tehran

Call me old-fashioned, but I have a very strong preference for living in a society that considers a person's components to be, on the whole, most useful to society while still connected to that person.

My organs are transitioning into low utility for others due to age and minor autoimmunity, so this question is moot in my particular case.

Establishing a marketplace for organs is of only theoretical value. People in general do not have the moral development to manage the dilemmas that would inevitably develop from such a marketplace.

We cannot even preserve a level playing field in the realms of employment and material privilege. Imagine the temptations when the marketplace involves life-and-death issues!

We should hold the line here (against a market), since there will soon be a real market in lab-grown organs and tissue.

Calls to the mind "Live Organ Donors" scene in Monty Python's "Meaning of Life."

For those who may not know, we are currently offering one free budgie (and budgie bait) with each organ purchased from our establishment.

Thank you,

Tex (Edna's up the Amazon collecting budgies, now)

Tex and Edna Boil's Organ Emporium

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