Sexual Politics, South Dakota and the American Elections
Published originally 27 - 10 - 2006 OpenDemocracy.net
This is an "only in America" story that takes place in the small, conservative state of South Dakota. A few months ago, the national media were obsessed with this state's effort to ban all abortions. Recently, the story has faded, eclipsed by other electoral news, most notably the sharply worsening situation in Iraq and domestic scandals. But the effort to forbid all abortions is far from an insignificant matter. It is a strategic battle in the nation's endless cultural wars and could have a lasting impact on every American woman's reproductive rights in the United States.
In February 2006, the legislature in South Dakota voted to prohibit all abortions, even in cases of rape or incest. The only exception was to save the life of a pregnant woman. A doctor who violated the ban could be sentenced to five years in prison.
Those who passed the ban - signed into law by South Dakota's governor on 5 March, and in effect from 1 July - purposefully set out to directly challenge Roe vs Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court decision that established a woman's constitutional right to abortion in the United States. They assumed their opponents would sue and that the law would force the Supreme Court to reconsider its original 1973 decision.
Instead, a coalition of women's-rights advocates, reproductive-rights and civil-liberties groups outflanked anti-abortion legislators and took the debate directly to the people, rather than to the courts. They collected sufficient signatures to place a referendum on the 7 November ballot, asking South Dakotan voters whether they really wanted to ban all abortions. If approved, the ban against abortion will remain in effect, unless it is declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. If defeated, the South Dakotan legislature will have been repudiated by the voters.
Right now, the battle over the referendum is still too close to call. The people in South Dakota are known for their politeness, conservatism, privacy, and avoidance of confrontation. Many good friends won't even discuss the subject with each other, even though activists in the abortion wars, all over the country, eagerly await the results.
By July, 47% of South Dakotan voters opposed the ban, but 59% said they would support it if it had permitted abortion in the case of rape and incest. If the ban passes, thirteen other states are poised to pass similar laws. And if the Supreme Court upholds the South Dakota ban by superseding Roe vs Wade, the right to abortion would be left up to each individual state.
A ripple effect
This political battle, however, is more than part of the endless national debate over abortion. It is also a struggle within the Republican Party itself. The ban on all abortions is the inevitable result of President Bush's success in enlisting the religious right as an important part of his political base. But many Republicans are also moderates or libertarians, not just social conservatives. In a state where 48% of the voters are registered as Republicans, moderates in the party rightly fear negative political fallout if all abortions are banned.
South Dakotans are also famous for avoiding government intrusion into their lives. "We're kind of independent folks here, and we like to keep our business private," Casey Murschel, a Republican state lawmaker, who is fighting against the ban, told the news media.
The battle-lines are clearly drawn. Anti-abortion activists broadcast the stories of women who have been raped but now blissfully cuddle their children. Abortion-rights groups televise ads that dramatise the trauma of women victimised by rape or incest who would be forced to carry the child of a criminal.
If the abortion ban is approved "there will be a ripple effect nationwide," says Nancy Keenan, president of Naral Pro-Choice America, a major reproductive-rights organisation. "It will be part of the presidential debate, congressional debates, governors' debates and state legislative races." Ellie Smeal, president of the Feminist Majority Foundation and publisher of Ms. Magazine, adds that "If they strike down Roe, all abortion is at risk in this country, we estimate about thirty states would ban it."
They're both right, but at the moment, the attention of the nation is not particularly focused on South Dakota, even though the mid-term elections are just two weeks away. Come election-day, however, that will almost certainly change.
The missing threads
Instead, the news publicises the country's growing disillusionment with how the Bush presidency has deceived the American people, manipulated their fears of terrorism, launched a catastrophic war in Iraq with cherry-picked intelligence, failed to respond to the devastation caused by hurricane Katrina, and smeared itself with corruption and incompetence at the highest levels of government.
Then there is the great scandal involving congressional representative Mark Foley, whose overtly sexual emails to 16-year old congressional pages have turned the public's mind to what it most enjoys reading in tabloids and watching on television's so-called news programmes. After five years of deferential indifference towards weapons of mass destruction, the torture of Iraqi detainees, or the erosion of American civil liberties, investigative journalists are suddenly asking the tough questions: what did the Republican leadership know about Foley's behaviour? And when did they know it?
True, the Foley scandal is far more titillating than South Dakota's referendum on abortion. Yet Tom Foley is just one more politician, in a long and dishonorable tradition, who has abused his political power to seek sexual pleasure.
Alongside this sexual scandal is the rising expectation that Democrats might actually take back either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even both. This growing drumbeat is accompanied by teasing speculations about the ability of charismatic Senator Barack Obama (Illinois) or frontrunner Hillary Clinton (New York) to win the presidency in 2008.
What's missing in all this electoral chatter are domestic issues that could actually change the lives of minorities and women in the United States. It has become a cliché that Democrats need a spine transplant. Despite the South Dakota referendum, they barely mention the word abortion. Nor do they talk about working families who need child and elder care, flexible working hours, universal health coverage, or a higher minimum wage that could lift many low-wage workers above "the working poor."
The stressful, hectic lives of working mothers are all but ignored by those who are running for elective office, even though American women could, if they all voted, easily sway an election in the United States. This is because women who have never married, or are divorced, or widowed, experience greater economic insecurity and tend to vote for Democrats. But too many never bother to vote at all.
For much of the nation, as well the rest of the world, the most important issue is whether or not the Democrats regain political power in both houses of Congress. If that should happen, then they could break the Bush's administration's stranglehold on expanded executive power. There might even be investigations of war crimes, questions of who knew what and when, and relief around the world that the United States is showing even provisional signs of rejoining the international community with greater humility and diplomatic decency.
For now, the referendum over abortion in South Dakota is a sleeper issue, as are many other policies that affect the daily lives of women, minorities and working families. Yet the consequences of this vote may well have a lasting impact on the reproductive choices and lives of all women in the United States.
Copyright © Ruth Rosen, Published by openDemocracy Ltd.















Well, don't look for help in Minnesota. If you can find the word "abortion" on our Senate candidate's website you are more creative than I am. Surely, she must be hiding her position somewhere.
October 27, 2006 4:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Now we know why Republican congressmen prefer sex with male pages. No pregnancy.
Best, Terry
October 27, 2006 4:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
Ruth, I think you mean Mark Foley, not Tom Foley.
October 27, 2006 8:09 PM | Reply | Permalink
Can somebody explain to me why it is such a bad thing for the issue to be decided at the state level?
To me, it is responsible government for each state to decide its laws rather than letting the Federal Government overstep its boundaries.
October 28, 2006 3:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
When a law concerns a condition carried by a person, such as marriage, there is a possible conflict between states that may not provide "full faith and credit" in each others' laws.
It was inherently illogical that a man could be property in one state and not another, so the states' rights approach to that failed. Similarly, if the trend to "protection" of unborn children includes behavior of the mother (not just a local physician) that might risk the fetus she could be liable in one state for actions in another.
For example, states have to extradite to each other so if a woman goes to another state to seek an abortion, or suffers a dangerous medical condition calling for it, she could be liable to extradition or arrest on returning.
On a basic question like this I feel a national policy is unavoidable.
October 28, 2006 3:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
Personally, I prefer to have the matter decided at the individual level. The state got no business telling any woman who or what should be inside her body.
Just saying, that's all.
Seems that it's as bad an idea to let a state overstep its boundaries as it is to let the Federal Government overstep.
October 28, 2006 7:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
Let me ask a counterquestion: why shouldn't each state be able to do its own safety and efficacy tests on drugs and medical devices? The simple answer is that larger studies, including phase IV postmarketing surveillance, requires a population larger than that of any state to provide a reasonable statistical sample.
I will admit that it is a peculiarity of medical certification that surgical procedures, as opposed to drugs and devices, do not have to go through safety and efficacy tests, at least in the same sense of randomized control trials. This is not to say that institutions may not have review boards comparable to that of the FDA, but that's an option.
Why should abortion be unique among surgical procedures as a local option, rather than a best medical practice one? States seem to like to intrude into the sexual aspects of medicine. Virginia, for example, requires a notification of husband (and wife if married), permission of the wife if married, and a 30-day waiting period should a man wish to have a vasectomy. If that same man wants to have liposuction, a considerably more hazardous procedure, there are no particular state restrictions, other than generally accepted standards of medical practice.
Should Oregon be able to have its assisted suicide law free from federal interference, given that the drugs involved are Controlled Substances under DEA jurisdiction? Why? Why not?
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
October 28, 2006 7:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
You comment hits on the little acknowldeged nightmare scenario should the "big" question ever get back up to the Supreme Court.
What if the SCOTUS not only does away with Roe, but finds that for the sake of consistency, no fetus shall be aborted?
Poof. Overnight, all abortions in America are illegal for exactly the reasons you outline above.
It is a highly unlikely scenario, but I'd bet that there are at least four Justices who would be more than willing to go to that extreme if they could find a way.
October 28, 2006 9:27 PM | Reply | Permalink
Poof. Overnight.
Actually, the aborting, destruction, or killing of a fetus is only illegal if made so by the enactment of positive law to that effect.
Extra credit for identifying the source of the story of a girl who puffed up and whose puff went "poof". No googling!
October 28, 2006 9:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
I, too, would prefer the issue to be decided at the individual level. I was merely responding to the specifics of Ruth's post in which she points out that Roe V. Wade may be in danger.
But if it comes down to Federal or state jurisdiction, I'll choose state almost every time.
October 29, 2006 12:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
Let's say the sainted politicians of South Dakota decided in line with their efforts to foist religious views on men and women - women in particular, of course - to require attendance every Sunday at an evangelical church in order to purify their immortal souls. In addition the law required women and children to attend Bible classes periodically where the Scriptures were rewritten to forbid abortion and stem cell research.
Would you say that federal Constitutional guarantees of freedom no longer applied and there should be no ability to appeal to federal courts?
Attacks on the freedoms and rights of any of us are attacks on the rights of all.
Does anyone seriously propose that the pro-life movement is anything other than a fundamentalist challenge to individual liberty and autonomy?
Best, Terry
October 29, 2006 5:26 AM | Reply | Permalink
Most frustrating to me in the mindless attack on women of the pro-lifers is the ability to change the language in order to make the argument and avoid challenge.
It is much the same as calling torture by waterboarding "dunking."
It is has become so common to talk of "partial birth abortion" that none even pay heed to the plain fact it was invented terminology falsely presented to the public and politicians. Almost none dare challenge the mythology any longer.
Late term abortions are rare and normally only performed in extreme cases such as the impending birth of a brainless monstrosity. Haven't we a sufficient number of brainless politicians that more are needed?
Best, Terry
P.S. No I am not a woman by the way.
October 29, 2006 5:43 AM | Reply | Permalink
Given the spectacular record of the state jurisdiction on these things, I think I'll have to go with the Federal jurisdiction.
The history is that state governments are all to prone to make arbitrary 'moral' laws, like outlawing vibrators, restricting condoms, outlawing free speech, criminalizing pornography, regulating abortions, keeping negroes at the back of the bus, denying voting rights, condoning lynchings, harassing gays, and punishing the poor.
Indeed, the experience is that while state governments are relatively moderate in their abuse now, that the record is that some will invariably push out to the very limits that they are allowed. States moderation has more to do with Supreme Court decisions on Civil Liberties and Federal Enactments like the Civil Rights Act.
Tyranny always begins at the local level. Every dictator, even Stalin, has always relied on local agents. Without them, the bedrock of rule will not function.
Dictatorships are never created from the top down, if Nixon had declared himself President for life, he would have failed because no one would have accepted him. The local mechanisms for his dictatorship would not have existed. By the same token, the Coup attempt on Chavez failed, again for lack of local grounding.
The more you allow or encourage the Bull Connors at local levels and state levels, the more you risk throwing away your whole country.
But hey, here I am talking crazy. Integrity, freedom, democracy? Who in America swallows insano talk like that.
October 29, 2006 6:48 AM | Reply | Permalink
In the Federalist Papers Hamilton considered the protection provided by the federal system, suggesting three scenarios, in which states acting to prevent federal usurpation was one, but there was also the worry of states joining together to oppress other states, and the single breakaway usurper. His main worry was conflict between states, and a local tyranny is exactly what he discussed. His view was the federal government was available to protect the citizen from local despots.
He ackowledged the risk of federal tyranny, but felt the averaging factor of national representation diluted local passions and alliances, making the national gov less likely to become despotic.
October 29, 2006 6:58 AM | Reply | Permalink
Ellen, while I agree a truly conservative court would never do it, its not impossible to judicially make abortion a crime. You just have to define life to include fetuses and expand the state action doctrine some.
Then again, I thought conservatives wouldn't create rights either, and the jury award limitations got me there . . .
Personally, I like to let states decide when there's a good reason for them to. States should decide most specifics on guns because NYC and Montana have wholly different issues with guns. Gun laws designed to protect New Yorkers will invariably be too tight for Montanans, and gun laws loose enough for Montanans may unnecessarily endanger the lives of New Yorkers. Likewise, letting states try different regulations on small business to see what spurs industry best gives us more data.
I don't see that same beenfit with abortion generally. Either its morally repugnant or it isn't, and you're not going to get more data from allowing some places to ban it.
October 29, 2006 3:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
SD's statute might not be the proper vehicle for such a SCOTUS delaration. However. should a state law declare that an abortion is homocide, and the SCOTUS agrees, buh bye abortion in almost all its forms.
As I said, highly unlikely, but not impossible.
And the Tennessee Williams Mousie attribution is great. I didn't even think about that, even though I am huge fan. One of my friends and regular restaurant customers is a top Williams scholar. I'll have to give him this quiz. Heck, he'd probably even know the source of the source.
October 29, 2006 4:50 PM | Reply | Permalink
The history is that state governments are all to prone to make arbitrary 'moral' laws, like outlawing vibrators, restricting condoms, outlawing free speech, criminalizing pornography, regulating abortions, keeping negroes at the back of the bus, denying voting rights, condoning lynchings, harassing gays, and punishing the poor.
Well, the Southern United States has always wanted to do things their way. Keep in mind that a majority of the population in this region, men and women alike, are Conservative Christians and have no problems whatsoever with banning condoms or vibrators.
What's more, if Conservative state governments insist on banning things which constitute private property, there might just be a desire for moderates to leave those states. Decreased populations would lead to less money. That would provide an incentive for state governments to rescind many of these prohibitions.
In time, socially conservative state governments would come to realize that their strict laws come at a high price. The current group of Republicans in Washington (many of whom are Southern) prove that they understand that sometimes a trade-off is needed when speaking on morals and money.
October 30, 2006 10:48 AM | Reply | Permalink
State tyranny is perhaps a bit too strong a phrase. No matter what a 'radical' state government might like to pass in terms of laws, the citizens of that state are still protected under the Constitution and Bill of Rights. That in and of itself limits what even the most socially conservative state government can do.
October 30, 2006 10:50 AM | Reply | Permalink
Yes, the Constitution was ratified in order to, among other things, ensure that federal law was the "Supreme Law of the Land."
It came into play in Alabama and Mississippi in the '50s and '60s. But note that the threat of force was needed.
October 30, 2006 11:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
Well, in the past, 'doing things their own way' seemed to amount to an institutional tolerance for lynchings and race riots (the old style race riot, which involved white mobs hunting blacks through the streets like animals), as well as Jim Crow laws, and enforcing a culture of poverty that made pellagra an endemic disease among both poor whites and blacks.
While it's humourous to talk about banning vibrators, I think that the other end of the continuum, hanging negroes from trees, is perhaps a lot less charming. It highlights the toxic nature of local corruption and arbitrary moralism.
If a majority of conservative christians in Alabama don't like condoms, then I think that they should be free not to buy them. I don't think that they should be free to impose their arbitrary social standards on others. The potential for misuse is not limited to small battery operated items.
Or legislating on private morality, like who an adult person can have sex with, what they can look at, who they can associate with, what water founains they can drink from?
Your thesis is that if you don't like the tyranny of the majority, you can always leave.
I think that the whole point of individual rights was to protect from the tyranny of the majority. I'd always thought you were a bit of a libertarian?
Now this is kind of interesting, if for no other reason than that it relates directly to a historical example.
In the early 20th century, particularly the 1920's there was a large exodus of blacks out of the South into northern cities.
The phenomenon was partly economic, in that there were better jobs, better wages, better working conditions and more opportunities to be found outside the south.
But it is also clear that racism and the Southern Jim Crow establishment was a major factor. Who wants to live in a state where you can be lynched, or where your neighbor can be lynched as an example to you. Who wants to live in a state where you have no voting rights, where violence is a constant companion, where by every public sign you are a second class citizen.
So, the result was an exodus out of the south, to pretty much anywhere else.
The exodus grew to such proportions that many southerners considered it an economic threat. The mass labour force was leaving, undermining many local economies.
The Southern establishment did not respond to this exodus with liberalization however.
Indeed, the response was simply punitive. Blacks who were trying to leave were simply picked up by police and returned to their community, with warnings or worse. On some occasions, sheriffs actually stopped northbound trains and simply beat and threw every black person off. This was documented, much to my amazement. In other reports and records from the time, we have writings suggesting the danger of blacks leaving the community, and records of the use of force, police or other means to keep blacks in the community.
The result was that for many blacks, leaving the south was a covert activity often not too different from escaping from prison. Indeed, the scale of it was often remarkable.
There are reports of entire villages vanishing overnight under the noses of whites, as the entire community plotted and planned its escape and then stole away while no one was looking. It really is quite astonishing.
Anyway, the point is that the migration of a key economic population did not induce moderation. Blacks were not paid appreciably better, they were not allowed into restaurants, they were not allowed to sit anywhere on the bus, the direct violence increased rather than decreased (although lynchings declined, which suggests that demonstration violence consciously tailed off as it began to have the opposite effect from that intended), nevertheless, the institutional structure of Jim Crow and segregation remained live and virulent until it was forcefully dismantled in the 1960's.
On this basis, I would suggest that history disproves your thesis.
It seems that moral extremists are prepared to bear a lot of social and economic costs in order to enforce their vision of the way things ought to be on other people.
Perhaps this is because moral extremists themselves personally don't usually bear many of those costs. Other people, notably poor people, or liberals or other malcontents do.
But the evidence is that they're always willing to trade a poorer state, if it can be a state which follows their particular judgemental quirks.
Food for thought.
October 30, 2006 2:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
And those poor or empty states have as much power in the US Senate as does California with an economy as large as France.
In any case, to me reproductive rights is just one more set of issues the neo-Dems are ready to sell out their souls for to get elected. As I keep repeating myself, my Dem Senate candidate is just as silent on civil liberties as she is on reproductive rights. Cowed, intimidated, silenced and from a blue state no less. Who'd have thought SD would intimidate MN? But she going to win. And she's going to evolve a spine later ?? I don't think so.
October 30, 2006 2:51 PM | Reply | Permalink
Are you speaking of Amy Klobuchar, Bluebell?
I live out west now in California but am a native Minnesotan. I don't much like Klobuchar simply because I don't trust lawyers, even if they are prosecutors. Mark Kennedy, though a little nerdy, went to St. John's (my alma mater) so I have to support him :)
October 30, 2006 4:59 PM | Reply | Permalink
My cousin and cousin-in-law went to St. Johns. Kennedy has run a very lackluster campaign but I would have to say that neither candidate has been particularly negative. I just miss the days of Minnesotans who thought for themselves unlike phony Norm and phony Amy who appear to be content to be have their opinions selected by the national party.
October 30, 2006 5:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
To be honest I'm less concerned with the possibility of there being another Emmett Till than I am with a population exodus.
In theory the Constitution and Bill of Rights would greatly limit what a state government can do in terms of substantive alienation.
On top of that, Roe V. Wade will not be overturned, despite what the paranoid left may say.
October 30, 2006 11:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
I don't think your concerns with a population exodus are shared by Conservative Christians and moralistic lunatics. Purging and evicting the unbelievers and the malcontents is a longstanding tradition.
While in the early 20th century, the South was concerned with a population exodus of blacks, this did not result in much if any moderation of oppressive policies. Rather, the result of such passive civil disobedience is usually violence from the social powers that be. I see no reason why this will change.
The Constitution and Bill of Rights really came through for black people in the South, didn't it? Only took... 80 years?
Roe v. Wade is not a religious icon to me, I support the whole of the bill of rights. Its not a matter of picking and choosing. As for whether a set of nutcases like Alito, Scalia, Thomas and Roberts would repeal it... Hey, they only need one more. I'm not taking bets on the subject.
October 31, 2006 5:46 AM | Reply | Permalink
I wouldn't dismiss Roberts and Alito just yet. They haven't done anything since their nominations to raise any eyebrows. Maybe they will, maybe they won't. It's difficult to merely assume they will strike down past progressive precedents.
As for the south, it may be true that the Christian fundamentalists would like to purge their societies of secular heathens, but a smaller population means less money in state coffers. 30 years ago this might not have been such a problem, but with prices rising in nearly every sector, I'm not sure they could afford a population exodus no matter how badly they want it.
October 31, 2006 10:40 AM | Reply | Permalink
Roberts and Alito? Two committed ideologues and partisan operatives appointed by the most lunatic radical extremist in Presidential history. There's optimism dude, and then there's optimism, and then there's optimism. Three different kinds to choose from. But that ain't any of them.
October 31, 2006 5:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
Poll Shows South Dakotans Against Proposed Ban on Most Abortions
Monday, October 30, 2006
SIOUX FALLS, S.D. — A scientific poll done last week for the Argus Leader of Sioux Falls showed that South Dakotans are leaning against a proposed ban on nearly all abortions in the state.
And the percentage of those who plan to vote no on the ballot measure has increased since the last such survey in July.
The poll of 800 registered voters found that 52 percent opposed the measure that overwhelmingly passed the 2006 Legislature. Forty-two percent favored the proposed ban on abortions, and just 6 percent were undecided.
The poll also found that the proposed ban on abortions would have more support if it allowed abortions in cases of rape and incest.
Mason-Dixon Polling & Research conducted the telephone survey on Oct. 24-26. The margin of error was plus or minus 3.5 percentage points.
In the July poll, 59 percent of those against the ban or undecided said they would vote for it with a rape and incest exception, while 29 percent said no and, 12 percent were undecided.
November 1, 2006 5:49 PM | Reply | Permalink