The Facts Behind the NIE
Although the National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) regarding Iraq and terrorism is still classified (UPDATE: The Key Judgments are now declassified and can be found at this link), the data behind the findings is not and has been publicly available for three years. I have written repeatedly on this fact and it has been, I am told, the judgment of the intelligence community for at least two years. The statistics on terrorist activity, until this year, were published in the State Department's annual report on terrorism (Patterns of Global Terrorism). The Bush Administration tried to not publish the report last year because the data showed an unprecedented surge in international terrorist attacks. The following chart shows the bad news (it is based on the statistics collected by the CIA and supplied to the Department of State):
A "Significant" terrorist incident is one in which a person was killed, wounded or kidnapped (or there was property damage in excess of $10,000). The statistics tell a very clear and simple story (I bet someone who can read My Pet Goat can figure it out).
- The total number of international terrorist incidents, both significant and non-significant, declined until 2002.
- The number of significant incidents increased steadily starting in 1992.
- Most of the significant incidents were caused by radical Islamic extremists.
- 2004 marked the single, largest increase in terrorist activity ever recorded since the CIA started keeping records dating back to 1968.
- The four fold increase in significant terrorist incidents (attacks in which people were killed and wounded) was a direct consequence of the war in Iraq. All you have to do is look at the attacks recorded and the people killed and wounded in those attacks. Iraq and India were the big targets in 2004.
- According to information provided at the U.S. State Department in 2005, there were approximately 198 significant terrorist attacks in Iraq in 2004. This was nine times more than the 22 significant terrorist attacks in Iraq identified in the State Department's 2003 report. Indeed, the number of significant terrorist attacks in Iraq in 2004 exceeded the 175 significant terrorist attacks that occurred throughout the entire world in 2003.
Ray Close, who served as the top CIA official in Saudi Arabia, has offered the following on the importance of the current NIE:
No reasonable person can possibly deny that our intervention in Iraq has been an enormous stimulus to terrorist activity worldwide. Efforts by John McCain and others to discount the significance of that factor by pointing out that the attacks on 9/11 occurred before our overthrow of Saddam Hussein is as trivial and irrelevant as they are disingenuous.
As someone who devoted his entire career to the intelligence profession, I was shocked and angered to read this in the NY Times this morning:
"Several of the lawmakers who appeared on Sunday talk shows said they had not seen the classified document . . [the National Intelligence Estimate]. Intelligence reports from American spy agencies are not circulated widely on Capitol Hill, and Congressional officials said neither the House nor the Senate intelligence committees had been formally briefed on the report."
A National Intelligence Estimate is just exactly what the title says it is. An NIE isn't issued every day. It sometimes takes weeks to write and coordinate. Even the decision to prepare an NIE in the first place is a painstaking one. It is a BIG DEAL, in other words. An NIE is not a single report from a single agency, but represents the considered judgment of the entire intelligence community (16 different agencies, in theory) on a subject deemed to be of vital significance to makers of national security and foreign policy.
If key members of Congress (like Majority Leader Bill Frist, who claimed ignorance of this report), and neither the House nor the Senate intelligence committees, have seen the document since it was produced in April, then we have to ask ourselves whether the White House and Congress take any serious interest in the most important products of America's enormous (and extremely expensive) intelligence empire. Are we to conclude that the "brains" of the United States Government (presumably those who formulate and carry out national policy) are simply not interested in making use of the best information and advice available to them? That seems to confirm the growing impression that policy is influenced today more by considerations of ideology and political expediency than by painstaking and objective study of the world situation.
Once again we are witnessing the Bush Administration trying to ignore the bad news the intelligence community is obligated to tell the President. The willful ignorance of President Bush, his advisors, and his Congressional enablers is creating a more dangerous world. Instead of taking the bull by the horns and confronting the issue, Bush and company are burying their heads in the sand. Just remember that when we are hit again by a mass casualty attack.




















Hmmm...
Where did I hear that before before I didn't hear it?
~OGD~
September 26, 2006 4:47 PM | Reply | Permalink
I went over the declassified NIE key findings and was struck by this statement
Essentially, the way the Bush Administration has framed this debate, we can never get out of Iraq since that would give the impression that the Jihadists have prevailed. No wonder the President wants to leave this mess for his successor.September 26, 2006 4:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'd also like to point out that this NIE is probably the best-case report they could produced.
Filling ranks with Bush supporters will do this.
We had a similar case in the UK in the run up to the Iraq war with only bad stuff mainly making it in to intelligence reports, with the occasional caveat to hat-tip to those who dissented.
I'd like to see the worst-case NIE and compare. The truth will be somewhere in the middle,
Regs, Shaggy
September 26, 2006 5:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
I noticed that Lefties ("Leftists") even got a mention.
Nice talking point in there for Repugs to bash Dems with.
Regs, Shaggy
September 26, 2006 5:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
Shaggy, You must mean this little tidbit here:
Not that there are NOT troublesome people out there in the big wide world, but why didn't they throw in the Martians while throwing in the kitchen sink?
~OGD~
September 26, 2006 5:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
There has been something characteristically pettish in Bush's response to the release of some four pages of a 30+ page report which -- even though what's released obviously leaves out more damaging information -- generally damns the Administration. Bush, in true patriarchal fashion, insists that the American people believe what he wants them to believe. If they don't, why bother to pretend at democracy? Why not just do what needs to be done, shut down the flow of information to the people, and get on with building an indestructible oligarchy?
September 26, 2006 6:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
I might suggest looking at some old, fully or almost fully declassified NIEs, perhaps from the Kennedy or Eisenhower administrations, and get an idea why it's unwise to do a blanket declassification. The executive summaries of NIEs are often unclassified, and are easier to release because they have been previously reviewed so they don't contain sources or methods, or things from which a professional can infer such.
NIEs get relatively wide distribution in government, and tend not to be super-classified. There should be no reason a member of Congress would not have access, possibly only in the Intelligence Committee offices if that Congressman or Senator doesn't have the appropriate safe and such in his office.
The other pages do not "obviously" leave out more damaging information. They may or may not. They also may have other information that is not in the true interest of the US to have released, as opposed to the political interests of the Administration.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 26, 2006 6:11 PM | Reply | Permalink
Just for you OGD
Buffalo Springfield
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September 26, 2006 6:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
Look at the wording carefully. Notice what it doesn't say.
It never says that our withdrawal from Iraq will create new terrorists or even that victory for the terrorists in Iraq will create new terrorists.
Rather it says success in Iraq will lead to fewer terrorists.
But then it defines success in very narrow terms.
Success comes only if both the Jihadists leaving Iraq and the outside world PERCEIVE them to have failed. Even if everything goes exactly our way, and we leave with a stable government in Iraq, will that really be perceived as a failure for the jihadists?
How much control do we have over the Middle East's perception of this situation, especially with Bush in charge?
Just like the Bushies, the terrorists will spin whatever happens in the most positive light just like Hezbollah did in Lebanon. The world now so completely mistrusts us that it will be near impossible to counter act their propoganda.
Democrats need to get the people who wrote this to testify at their hearing as to the exact meaning of this sentence.
Do they believe that withdrawal from Iraq according to a timetable would inspire more terrorists because of the victory. Or would it wind terrorism down because the motivation for people to join them and fight would be gone?
September 26, 2006 6:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
This Administration cherry picked intelligence data on Iraq from day one and this declassified NIE summary is no different.
September 26, 2006 7:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
>
The other pages do not "obviously" leave out more damaging information. They may or may not.
I think that statement is true and correct but I wish to propose a hypotheticall bet and ask a serious questin.
I would bet that there IS a fair amount more of politically damaging [to Bush] conclusions in the NIE that could be released without any further damage or danger to national security. You have to bet at least a thousand dollars if you want to bet against me but can bet as much as you want with confidence that you would collect if you won. Would you bet even money? If not, would you bet if you got two to one odds? What odds would it take to get you to take the bet? 100 to 1, 1000 to 1?
September 26, 2006 7:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
I have no doubt there is more politically damaging stuff to Bush, but I'm also somewhat familiary with the mechanics of an NIE. They are committee documents, although a National Intelligence Officer and a small staff does the final draft. Right now, the 10 to 20 agencies or offices that had input into the NIE are going over it, not necessarily for political reasons, but to check for sensitive stuff that may not be obvious to every reader.
Here's a hypothetical that would need to come out: there might have been a meeting between the US Ambassador and Musharraf, at which Musharraf promised certain cooperation if it never became public. It might say that explicitly, and that gets blacked out. 10 pages later, though, there might be a sufficient reference to the meeting that someone could figure it out from context.
It's actually easier to do declassification review on raw or intermediate reports, of higher classification, that might name exact sources -- that stuff is clear. NIEs are much more flowing, jargon-free documents -- it would be like taking a copy of Time or Newsweek and reading between the lines until you are clear there's no source release.
So yes, I agree there will probably be more damaging stuff, but I don't assume the delay is just for political reasons. There are enough people that will see the NIE that if there's a big political suppression, it will come out.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 26, 2006 7:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
The contents of the NIE documents, or any other documents are not as compelling as the fact that SOMEONE leaked them.
Time after time over the past few years, these leaks have been occuring. It this not a matter for outrage and grave concern?
I will not argue over the merits (if any) the leaker(s) may have beleived they had. Devulging classified information is a criminal offense. Period!
Whether for political gain or from outright stupidity, people are getting away with destroying this country's ability to maintain control of classified information.
If a person feels the need to be a so-called "whistleblower', there are less damaging (to national security) channels that can be used. Running to a news outlet with a 'story' does not cut it.
These issues should be brought up by that person for discussion in the proper committees(s) that oversee them.
But then again, that would leave a trail that leads back to themselves when they did decide to leak the information.
"A coward plots in the dark while a hero stands in the light of day."
September 26, 2006 7:53 PM | Reply | Permalink
All such evidence of the ignorance and/or destructive intent on the part of the ruling class is academic; every adult in America has a pretty good idea of the nature of the government beast. Few of us would be willing to do anything to change the status quo, even if we think we know how, because we're all slaves to cable television and high fruitcose corn syrup.
September 26, 2006 7:53 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yeah, Watergate never should of happened.
NOT.
If we are indeed losing the WoT, that is critical information needed by the citizens in order to be informed enough to elect representitives that will act in their best interests.
Stay the course may well NOT be in the best interests of this country, and in grave matters such as this, the people have a right to know. The rights to be an informed citizenry are compelling over most other rights. Certainly over the rights of any sitting administration.
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September 26, 2006 8:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
I do not disagree in the slightest: leaks of reasonably legitimately classified information, especially from Congress, has become, even with rational administrations, a liability to checks and balances. The most sensitive material is given to eight members of Congress, who may not share them with staff experts -- which often means no effective review.
Multiple administrations, however, have been burned by leaks. This is a chronic problem, not something that can be blamed on the current administration alone.
Presidential commissions have found the security classification system overly complex and often classifying for no good reason, so there is room for improvement on both sides. In the early seventies, I did a policy study on security classification, and found some things that were rather silly. Whether or not an agency used special access/compartmented often depended less on the information than the inconvenience of handling special information. OTOH, there were many "SENSITIVE" and "EYES ONLY" stamps around Washington, but I never found anyone in any agency who could give a coherent explanation of their use or meaning.
"EYES ONLY" occasionally has literal meaning when being sent to a (usually) military recipient who knows how to run it through the machine that deciphers it. I've often wondered if communications through some of the secure telephone systems should be prefaced with the words "EARS ONLY".
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 26, 2006 8:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
I agree almost completely. Which is why Bush tieing Iraq into the War on Terror is so freakin dangerous. Not to mention the fact that no one seriously believes Hizbollah is the same type of threat as jihadists and Bush working so damn hard to make it a similar threat is also dangerous.
September 26, 2006 9:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'll take having to deal with another mass attack before I'd agree to give up the Geneva Conventions of our protections under the constitution. "We have nothing to fear but fear itself" and the fearmongering is really freaky.
September 26, 2006 9:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Is the report referring to foreign leftists like Chavez or home grown one's like Chomsky?
I wonder if conservatives will now use this report to crack down on subversives in the U.S.
It wouldn't surprise me considering that the Bush administration is constantly trying to link Democrats and liberals with aiding and abetting the terrorists. Didn't Cheney say it was a victory for terrorists that Lamont beat Lieberman?
Conservatives did the same thing with communism back in the 1950s and '60s? Anyone that disagreed with their distorted world view was a pinko.
September 26, 2006 9:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
Is there some direct relationship between the NIE and Constitutional issues? There certainly are issues, but I don't see the Constitutional or Geneva connections. Help me out?
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 26, 2006 9:09 PM | Reply | Permalink
Is there anything to this?
On page three, the report states:
Although it was debated for awhile in the media, Zarqawi is dead -- he has been for a few months now. So why wouldn't this report make mention of that?
September 26, 2006 11:33 PM | Reply | Permalink
Whether for political gain or from outright stupidity, people are getting away with destroying this country's ability to maintain control of classified information.
If a person feels the need to be a so-called "whistleblower', there are less damaging (to national security) channels that can be used. Running to a news outlet with a 'story' does not cut it.
When the news outlet has a long record of using considered judgment that has, to date, not exposed intel sources, nor this country, to harm, I do not see the danger posed by whistleblowers utilizing that path.
I've yet to see clear evidence of the less damaging channels that you claim exist, that can be utilized, without risk to the whistleblower, and with assurance that the info reaches to the eyeballs of those who can make judgments and responses that provide sufficient balance that maintains a healthy democracy.
People I've known with high security clearances have told me at different times that 80% to 90% of classified info is stuff that embarrasses someone instead of some vital national interest. Assuming they're significantly (if not statistically) correct, I think I'd prefer that if we are to err, that error should be towards disclosure rather than towards secrecy as an informed citizenry is a substantive foundation of successful democracies while secrecy is a substantive foundation for governments more repressive.
Kevin Hayden
September 27, 2006 12:34 AM | Reply | Permalink
The 80-90% figure seems awfully high, but it may depend on the subject matter area. For example, diplomatic information easily can be embarrassing. There is a subtle distinction, however, between things that are simply embarrassing, and things where the embarrassment may have implications. Let me try a couple of examples. For many years, NSA had a huge intercept station in Asmara, then in Ethiopia and now the capital of Eritrea. There were gigantic antennas along a major road.
The Ethiopian government was extremely sensitive about overt cooperation with the US, and the personnel at the station were under strict orders never to admit to its existence. That included rather silly situations such as an American getting a ride in a native's car, and driving past an antenna system around a mile across. The standing orders, insisted upon by the Ethiopians, were that if the Ethiopian driver asked the American, "what's that in that field", the American had to answer "field? I don't see anything in that field."
This sort of thing may indeed be silly, but may be an issue of embarrassing a foreign government to its own people, and their granting help is conditional on it not being an embarrassment to them.
Scientific and technical information pertaining to defense -- not necessarily, say, pollution -- usually has fairly specific guides. Please trust me when I say compartments for specific nuclear technology, coupled with SECRET or TOP SECRET, plus RESTRICTED DATA and FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA, are simple when compared to some of the compartmented intelligence systems. In fairness, the intelligence community recently did a lot of simplification of its compartmentation markings.
I've always liked a quote from G. Gordon Liddy, in which he described a program such that the first letter was classified SECRET, the code word itself was TOP SECRET, and the information it protected "could only be given by God the Father to the Holy Ghost on a need-to-know basis." For example, several histories of the Cuban Missile Crisis recount how the then-director of NSA called the White House National Security Assistant, McGeorge Bundy, and asked for a few hundred thousand for stationery, reprinting documents, making new rubber stamps, etc.
Bundy was shocked, until he was told that he had allowed himself to be in a news photograph of his holding an NSA document. Neither the title nor any contents were visible, but the classification stamp reading TOP SECRET DINAR could be seen. At the time, DINAR was a code word for the highest level of communications intelligence, and, again at the time, was itself TOP SECRET -- and protected material effectively above TOP SECRET. In WWII, the three COMINT levels were ULTRA, RABID and DEXTER. At least some time after DINAR, the top word was UMBRA and the lower level SPOKE.
For especially sensitive projects, there were compartments within compartments. One example, leaked by Jack Anderson, was that TOP SECRET/UMBRA/GAMA GUPY referred to a project where receivers in the US Moscow embassy were intercepting the Kremlin limousine-to-limousine radio. Top Soviet officials seemed to think it was secure, and gossiped a lot. While we learned some steamy things about a masseuse named Olga, apparently there were some very frank discussions of the health and status of Politburo members. I don't think that simply having a story justified leaking an example of a specific source, from which we were getting continuing data.
Mercifully, the various extra code words for communications intelligence have gone away, and now a document will be stamped TS/CCO: TOP SECRET. Handle through COMINT channels only. There are still a few additional compartments under CCO, the names of which now can be said but no idea of what kind of information is TS/CCO/ZARF or TS/CCO/VRK (well, that stands for Very Restricted Knowledge).
I don't see how military plans and equipment operating instructions are classified to protect against embarrassment in any way.
Where there is room for argument is the classification of option papers, staff discussions, etc. I happen to believe that while it has been abused, there is a valid case for executive privilege. Now, we happen to have the case of a president that doesn't seem to listen to his advisors, but I think it was wrong, regardless of administration, to ask Condi Rice, when she was National Security Assistant, about her private conversations with GWB -- certainly not in an open committee hearing.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 27, 2006 1:12 AM | Reply | Permalink
The line in the NIE that really caught my attention is the following:
Not a powerful/important/significant/ weapon, but THE MOST powerful weapon. And apparently all 16 intelligence agencies agree on this point. That, for me, is a stunning conclusion.
Request to TPMCafe management - please draft some experts to expand on this critical issue.
September 27, 2006 2:48 AM | Reply | Permalink
The NIE is from April and therefore predates Al-Zarqawi's (early June?) death.
September 27, 2006 3:00 AM | Reply | Permalink
"The contents of the NIE documents, or any other documents are not as compelling as the fact that SOMEONE leaked them."
Well before we get all histerical over this, let's revisit what it is that was supposedly leaked: Someones summarization of the summary judgements of an NIE, no quotes of actual content were attributed and the writer indicated that he was not shown the actual document.
"Time after time over the past few years, these leaks have been occuring. It this not a matter for outrage and grave concern?"
Lying to the American people and then classifying the evidence of those lies? You bet I'm outraged.
"I will not argue over the merits (if any) the leaker(s) may have beleived they had. Devulging classified information is a criminal offense. Period!"
Ah the histeronics of absolutism, gotta love it.
"Whether for political gain or from outright stupidity, people are getting away with destroying this country's ability to maintain control of classified information."
You are so right, and hopefully it ends Jan 21st, 2009.
"If a person feels the need to be a so-called "whistleblower', there are less damaging (to national security) channels that can be used. Running to a news outlet with a 'story' does not cut it."
Agreed, better to stand on an aircraft carrier with a huge Mission Accomplished banner..........
"These issues should be brought up by that person for discussion in the proper committees(s) that oversee them."
Not to point out the obvious, but doesn't the proper committees have to provide oversight first with hearings and calling witnesses and such? I suppose a true American would demand he called before the hearing but then a hearing has to be called in the first place..........and so the circle jerk is complete.
"But then again, that would leave a trail that leads back to themselves when they did decide to leak the information."
Or Richard Armitage...or Bill Clinton.......Come to think of it, as declassification by this admin shows, it always leads back to Clinton because......."It's All Clinton's Fault!".
" "A coward plots in the dark while a hero stands in the light of day.""
"A coward lies in the light of day assured his plots are classified in the dark."
September 27, 2006 4:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
Ahem, back to LJ's original post, the State Dept.'s annual report on terrorism has been a thorn in the Bush administration's side precisely because it shows a pattern of increased terrorism since the invasion of Iraq.
The goal of fighting terrorists or terrorism should be to eliminate or at least drastically reduce terrorism/terrorist attacks. Thus, whether or not the NIE makes a definitive tie between Iraq and an increase in terrorist attacks, one thing is clear: The increase in terrorism under the Bush administration shows that our current policies are a dismal failure in accomplishing the only goal that matters: Keeping America and the world safer by eliminating or reducing terrorist attacks.
September 27, 2006 4:55 AM | Reply | Permalink
The interesting take on the Zarqawi intel is this:
Critical word: "now".
Clear implication is that Zarqawi was not, until fairly recently (at least until after the Iraq invasion), part of Al-Qaeda. So yet another indicator that the Saddam-Osama connection was total bullcrap.
September 27, 2006 6:32 AM | Reply | Permalink
Under the United States Constitution, the President (and members of the Executive branch) is bound to faithfully execute the law, which includes treaty law and customary international law. See, e.g., U.S. Const., art. II, Sec. 3; Paust, International Law as Law of the United States 169-73 (2ed. 2003), and cases and materials cited. Thus, the Plan to violate the Geneva Conventions is not only illegal but is also unconstitutional.
http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forum/paust2.php
The United States Constitution expressly incorporates international treaties as "the supreme law of the land." Article 6 of the United States Constitution states: The Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
All executive and judicial officers and members of Congress are bound by oath to support the Constitution, including Article 6. The term "treaties" includes those signed by the President and ratified by the Senate, as well as those not ratified or simply part of "customary international law" -- meaning those principles which are recognized by most nations. 2 The Geneva and Hague Conventions were signed and ratified by the United States in 1956. They have a long history. They were developed through many wars, starting in 1864. Their present versions arose out of the depredations of World War II. As the Geneva Convention requires, the United States codified their enforcement in the U.S. Code. 3
http://www.truthout.org/docs_03/072503D.shtml
September 27, 2006 6:52 AM | Reply | Permalink
Why should they bother with government intelligence, they've got the oil companies to provide all the intel they need to do their "job". Privatization is where it's at.
September 27, 2006 7:34 AM | Reply | Permalink
Simple questions:
1. Can the full Congress do its jobs competently without these intelligence community evalutions?
Seems to me that voting on moneyand programs, and conducting oversight require smarts. Why should Congress fly blind when there is information/analysis to enlighten them.
2. Can the American citizens do their job of evaluating candidates, decisions and actions without some kinds of government information/analysis?
Seems to me that we pay for the intelligence agencies so should have some direct benefit (besides knowing that our government officials are given alot more than citizens). I don't see the intelligence/analysis as a political issue per se. The community NIE says what is. From that the parties and government officials should interpret and formulate their positions.
I am not so naiive that I don't understand that there are levels of what can be read by whom. But in the world we face today nothing doesn't work. We should be dependent on a media report that forces the Administration's hand.
September 27, 2006 11:53 AM | Reply | Permalink
First, remember there are a wide range of intelligence community documents, with different intended audiences/purposes and classification levels. NIEs typically are at a relatively low classification level, such as SECRET-NO FOREIGN NATIONALS and sometimes TOP SECRET, but they generally do not contain codeword information for the tightly held compartments. The classification is kept fairly low to encourage distribution.
At least at one point, being an elected Federal official, or being confirmed by the Senate, conveyed automatic TOP SECRET. I have no problem with Congressmen seeing NIEs, as opposed to, say, a report of the information gained from a specific communications intelligence source.
One of the problems that has to be managed is that legislators frequently want to discuss things with staff or outside advisors. Especially the latter, if not Congressional employees, may not have been cleared, and, even though they are ethical people, don't recognize the need to protect certain information: it's fine for discussion internally but may not be releasable to the public.
Perhaps the most dramatic example of this sort of thing came during the 1944 Presidential elections. Governor Dewey, the Republican candidate, had learned through leaks that the US was reading encrypted Japanese communications. He believed the Japanese must have learned about it, and was going to make a campaign issue related to it.
Luckily, Gen. George C. Marshall, probably the most respected and principled man in the government, got word of this. He sent one of his personal aides to Dewey, carrying a letter that swore that Marshall was sending this on his own authority, and the White House knew nothing of it.
Dewey saw the words "communications intelligence" in his first glance, and returned it unread, demanding Marshall certify who was aware of it, and that the briefing must include his most trusted advisor, IIRC the state superintendent of schools.
Marshall reluctantly agreed to the extra person, and identified the seven or so people that knew about this specific letter. He went on to swear, on his personal honor, that the Japanese were unaware we were reading much of their communications, and we were still actively getting immense military value from it. Marshall implored Dewey not to make this a campaign issue, and keep it utterly secret.
Given the source, and that Dewey seemed to value his country more than political advantage, he agreed never to say anything about it, and kept his word. Do we still have politicians and staff, independent of party, that will protect information appropriately?
The balance has swung too far in the direction of protection, when, for the most sensitive subjects, which may be very technical, are briefed to 8 members of the Legislative Branch. They cannot take notes or consult staff. In some cases, the documents stay in the approved vaults of the Intelligence committee, for member use only, but often they are not even left in hard copy. AFAIK, Congress does not have access to the various online intelligence databases, some of not astronomical classification.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 27, 2006 12:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
Let's see, Yrntwrthit (Oh, I get it: your message to us all is --> You're not worth it!) how clever!
Well, I guess we agree on one point; that it was a criminal offense to leak the name of Valerie Plame, since her CIA status was shot afterwards. Of course THAT leak was NOT whistleblowing. That was political crimes disguised as dirty tricks, disguised as blaming it on her husband!
But I digress...if not for whistleblowers, what other defence does this country have against the relentless assault on its Constitution? What avenue is there when no one in the media has asked a meaningful question, complete with back-up for 6 years? When the way to get a high-paying job in Iraq has nothing to do with your qualifications, but everything to do with your views on Roe vs Wade -- what is a country to do?
If a person feels the need to be a so-called "whistleblower', there are less damaging (to national security) channels that can be used. Running to a news outlet with a 'story' does not cut it.
And your answer to the question of what to do with truthful information is this?
These issues should be brought up by that person for discussion in the proper committees(s) that oversee them.
Right. That'll take care of the problem alright! You can't even SEE the president give a speech unless you declare loyalty to him. You can't even have on a t-shirt that says a negative word in HIS presence and not get hassled by the secret police force!
But if a person sees malfeasance in government; if a report shows that the war (that Bush says is intricately allied to the fake war on terror) is actually making more terrorists and fomenting more terror , or if a citizen has documents that prove that these people are lying-------------------->
That person should go to a committee. Pardon me if I seem a little passionate here, but Yrntwrthit, your name speaks volumes about you.
Jan Knaus
September 27, 2006 1:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
OK...so this should be the democratic political message, everytime the GOP talks about how America is safer and that we had not had further attacks, no? That the only thing the WOT and invasion ofIraq has done is increase terrorism. The NIE report conclusively documents this pattern.
The Bush administrations WOT has increased terrorism, should be the talking point meme for all Dems.
September 27, 2006 3:27 PM | Reply | Permalink
Great points! Now, I want to see this latest NIE (which Bush will not declassify before the elections) -- it is in "draft" form, and will stay that way until it is safe; election-wise to put it out and then thumb their noses at all of us again.
I don't know about anyone else, but I am so glad that RFK Jr's article is getting some "legs!" I just hope we can have an honest election this time. Pretty pathetic to even say that, huh?
Jan Knaus
September 27, 2006 5:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
Again, while I certainly can see most of the executive summary or conclusions being declassified, when I say that declassifying the entire document may be a very bad idea has nothing to do with this particular administration. Classification isn't always done to hide embarrassing observations.
It can protect sources and methods, some technical, some human, and some diplomatic. It's not at all infrequent to have information from another government in an intelligence document, and the conditions under which it was obtained included no public disclosure.
A good many historical NIEs have been partially or fully declassified. Even where there is partial redaction, one can often get an idea of the general subject matter of what is being kept secret -- and, looking at it objectively, for rational reasons. Sometimes, the document may reveal certain agencies conflicting on interpretations, and that gives insights that can be used to manipulate.
I have no problem with expert commissions and such examining documents and giving their opinion. Indeed, Presidential commissions have often had less grandstanding than a Congressional committee hearing (e.g., the Rockefeller Commisson report on CIA Activities as opposed to the Church Committee investigation).
There are sometimes good reasons for governments to do things, which have nothing to do with Bush or Rove.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 27, 2006 6:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Classification fever is one of those things that is hard to shake. The amount of black program budget items is pretty large and growing, as I understand it. I suppose fiscal facts will eventually force some of it into the open.
This NIE, saying what everyone has known all along (whether they can afford to admit it or not), only serves to remind me of one of the multiple reasons I opposed the invasion. It was likely to saddle future administrations, and the people, with another political war, that we can't lose and can't win.
Another reaction is "Duh!"
September 27, 2006 6:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
It is interesting to notice that even back then there was a suspicion that the executive branch was using selective leaks and even disinformation about intelligence to affect domestic politics. The most interesting thing is not that the politician was finally willing to keep the secret but that it took such a big effort to convince him he needed to for real national security reasons.
Fred in Vermont
September 28, 2006 4:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
My point was not to decalssify the one from April completely; I was referring to a more recent one, still in "draft" form, which is more updated than the last.
Jan Knaus
September 28, 2006 9:42 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'd appreciate your opinion, and I mean that sincerely. Let me provide a little contex. For a time before Pearl Harbor, the military intelligence people who were cryptanalyzing the Japanese traffic cut off the White House for sloppy security, as in the military aide to FDR leaving a MAGIC document in an ordinary trash can. FDR found out and got the flow turned on again.
As it was, however, the security around this undoubtedly extremely sensitive material reached to extremes. Many officers with a need-to-know were brought a copy, read it while the courier was present, was not allowed to take notes, and the copy was taken away.
Right now, we have a government for which there are too many leaks for political purposes. You make an interesting point when you call the Marshall letter a leak. I had never thought of it as such, but, under certain definitions, it qualifies. Where it differs from today's leaks was that the leak was being used to convince someone not to use the material, rather than the usual case today where it is used to achieve immediate goals, regardless of future consequences.
It has been suggested that George C. Marshall was one of the few American figures whose reputation for integrity was so great that his promise was not questioned. By all accounts, by the time Tom Dewey first heard of the MAGIC rumors, Dewey honestly believed that the Japanese had to know, and FDR was manipulating it. Both by Marshall's intervention, and, to give credit where credit is due, Dewey's statesmanship and realizing some things were beyond politics, a leak that could have had a significant effect on the war was presented.
This sort of thing is one of the reasons that I do not automatically call for declassification of the entire NIE. I've seen enough documents to be able to say while there might be cherry-picking, which usually happens at the level above NIE readership, there is almost certainly some legitimately sensitive material in it.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 28, 2006 9:48 AM | Reply | Permalink
Think of what this means. All sorts of federal non-elected employees have access to various forms of classified materials. When it comes to legislators they cannot be held to and adhere to the standards of the nonelected?
The current solution of not giving the legislators much that is classified means that legislators are dependent upon the leaks of federal employees to the media and out in the public to know what is going on. Very slow and dangerous when the public revelation hurts the national interest.
Leaking classified information should only be done in the most extraordinary situations and where the leaker sees it in the national interest. When it has become a fairly regular thing of recent time we have to ask if we have lots of extraordinary situations or if the bar is much lower and political advantage is a reason in addition to national interest.
I appreciate the leaks when it reveals the lousy policies of the the Administration with which I disagree. We the opposition public are becoming used to, maybe even addicted to, the steady drip that we will abhor when a new Administration takes over.
September 28, 2006 10:13 AM | Reply | Permalink
It's entirely possible that someone knew about the program--a budget analyst, for example. It's hard to say if it's better or worse, but assume the leaker didn't deliver full documents, but just a heads-up.
Here and there, legislators have a technical background, although most don't. Even if you gave them the full documentation, would they have the ability -- set legalities aside for a moment -- to judge the program's cost-effectiveness or the probability that it will give useful information? If you gave it to me, I could probably give a partial technical opinion, but there would be areas, say, in combinatorial mathematics where I'd want a true expert opinion.
One of the reasons I liked the Senate Intelligence Committee evaluation of the Data Encryption Standard is that they were able to give it to an adequately diverse panel of qualified specialists with appropriate clearances. Simple leaks don't get that sort of review. -- Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 28, 2006 10:41 AM | Reply | Permalink
It seems like I must be missing something. The issue of what should be classified and what shouldn't be doesn't seem all that complicated. National security has to mean something more than avoiding political embarrassment.
Obviously, the identities, locations and assignments of our spies should be classified. So should battle plans, weapon schematics, troop deployments, and things that would immediately jeopardize national security in some way.
The Bush Administration has taken this to ridiculous extremes. Even refusing to answer a question one way or the other would validate the existence of an embarrasing question, and confirm our level of discomfort to the enemy. Therefore, even our refusal to comment must remain classified.
-- All successful revolutions are the kicking in of a rotten door. (John Kenneth Galbraith) --
September 28, 2006 12:27 PM | Reply | Permalink
While past commissions have recommended simplification of the unquestionable security classification systems (e.g., for war plans), there has been an essentially uncontrolled growth of restrictions that are defined as other than "security" classifications.
Within this, there are problematic areas where it may be appropriate for advisors or intelligence analysts to know that their advice is not going to hit the press, so they can advise more frankly. Of course, some advisory opinions indeed concern the public. No good answer here.
Now, some markings that are not true national security information, but need protection, are straightforware enough. Personal and medical information. Bids on contracts. Proprietary technology submitted under nondisclosure.
There is a pernicious and uncontrolled growth of restrictions in the general family of "sensitive but unclassified' or "for official use only". Because these are not "classified", there is no prescribed declassification system. About the only way to force release is through the Freedom of Information Act.
Some of these markings, or the kind of information control they infer, wander into the absurd. Homeland Security put out an advisory, to law enforcement, to be suspicious of men using almanacs, possibly for target selection. They then decided to warn against men using maps in cars, which most women I know would, indeed, suggest very abnormal behavior.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 28, 2006 12:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think we should just trust Bush! He would never, ever lie or mislead us!
September 28, 2006 5:18 PM | Reply | Permalink