The Uninsured Class
The New York Times analysis of census data had a quick blip about health insurance: the number of uninsured increased by 1.3 million from 2004 to 2005. People on the lowest economic rung had already been going naked—that is, living without health insurance. The new 1.3 million represents a continuing expansion of middle class people who can’t afford health insurance.
Newsweek reporter Karen Springen and I had blunt conversation about the economics of health care for the middle class. Perhaps I should have suggested we give up on the term “middle class,” and divide America into the Insured Class and the Uninsured Class.
The difference between the IC’s (insured class) and the UC’s (uninsured class) would not be whether they were vulnerable to an economic collapse as a result of a medical problem. The difference would be how much vulnerability each group faces. The current health care finance system assures that everyone is vulnerable, and insurance makes the difference only between those who can be felled by one trip to the emergency room and those who are brought down financially only by the co-pays, uncovered expenses, and caps that eat them up when a more serious illness strikes.
The bottom line in the Newsweek interview? Our current health care system puts nearly every family at risk. (Read Matthew’s story, if you think otherwise.) But insurance makes a huge difference in how much risk the family takes.
In 2005, another 1.3 million people moved closer to the financial precipice.













Count me as straddling--I'm covered but my children are not. They have outgrown family coverage and are a long way from affording it solo.
Of course, even national health would see those with the dough buying services the rest wouldn't have access to, but it would be like police protection--at least there is a minimum level.
September 1, 2006 10:04 AM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Of course, even national health would see those with the dough buying services the rest wouldn't have access to, but it would be like police protection--at least there is a minimum level.
But like police protection it would also be perfectly adequete 99% of the time. The rich of course would have access to expensive, experimental treatments that insurance does not cover even now, and of course to cosmetic surgery and other vanity procedures. For most run of the mill medical problems, including very costly ones, standard treatments would be covered and no one would be going broke.
September 1, 2006 1:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
Another thing about Universal coverage would be that the medical service providers could start services immediately without concern for getting paid. If it were a single payer or if the administration procedures were standardized in some other manner, a quarter of what is presently paid by medical service providers to make sure they got reimbursed would no longer be necessary.
That's enough to cover everyone and also remove a lot of the nasty co-pays.
Our society is paying out $billions simply because of refusal to change to a half-way efficient system
September 1, 2006 3:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Another thing about Universal coverage would be that the medical service providers could start services immediately without concern for getting paid.
Actually, no. Public programs, both here and abroad, make extensive use of referrals, precerts and authorizations just like private insurers do. And at least with Medicaid (with which I have first hand administrative experience) the complexities of claim adjudication (= cutting down the bill as far as the payor can) is even more byzantine and draconian than that practiced by the average HMO. And surely you've noted that cutting Medicatre and Medicaid reimbursements is always top of the list for the GOP to implement whenever they need more money for foreign misdaventures or their pet special interests.
September 1, 2006 6:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
It wouldn't HAVE to be that way though. Since we don't have a system in place, one could be structured that would take the best features of any plan and make it work. Some referrals and pre-authorizations make sense, however. No one should go to a neurosurgeon for an initial evaluation because of a headache. Or even to an orthopedic surgeon as a first stop for back pain. Some GateKeeping is important to make the system work well. And some co-pays will discourage people from (for example) going to the Dr. so they can skip work for the day -- when I worked at Group Health in Washington DC (my first job as a nurse practitioner)-- I saw quite a bit of that.
The reason that it CAN work is that with everyone included (healthy and sickly, old and young, risk-takers and risk-averse) the financial risk is spread out as it currently is NOT with Medicaid and Medicare.
One reason it is being fought tooth and nail (even if you leave out insurance & drug companies) is that members of Congress would then have to be included with the great unwashed. Currently they have a golden health insurance policy which is unequaled anywhere else I have seen, and they really couldn't justify keeping their current system, (even though they continue to justify staying out of Social Security). They don't want to lose it, and I don't blame them, but sometimes -- and I know this is a really tough thing to wrap their brains around -- SOMETIMES YOU JUST HAVE TO DO THE RIGHT THING!
what a concept!
Jan Knaus
September 2, 2006 7:10 AM | Reply | Permalink
A little off topic, but I just started a new blog Satellite Sky.
Find the Truth. Do Justice.
September 2, 2006 9:22 AM | Reply | Permalink
The new 1.3 million [uninsureds] represents a continuing expansion of middle class people who can’t afford health insurance. [emphasis added] Elizabeth Warren
This unsupported claim is likely wrong.
In broad terms we know that last year 15.9% of Americans did not have health insurance -- private or government (Medicare, Medicaid, military, SCHIP, or individual state health plans). But who were those people and why didn't they have health coverage? That, it seems to me, we don't know.
We do know that for young, healthy workers and for families who have few assets or whose principal asset consists of an exempt homestead, choosing to purchase private health insurance is, economically, a poor choice. For them, the premiums are grossly in excess of actuarially computed benefits -- that is, they are being forced to subsidize employer and government health costs.
To the extent that these uninsureds have made an economically rational decision to go "bare," why would they want to enter and pay for a universal health care system?
September 2, 2006 11:25 AM | Reply | Permalink
For the same reason they buy car insurance--things happen. Economically rational decisions are not necessarily good for society at large, e.g. it's economically rational to sell drugs in the ghetto since it's likely your only ticket out of there. Also rational is prostitution, auto companies paying lawsuit claims instead of improving the product, and oil companies keeping prices high.
Why insure your property? You're paying more than the likely losses you will suffer. However, if you do suffer a loss it may be unrecoverable, so you think it's worth it to pay premiums that may never pay off.
The reason why those same folks would enter a universal system is that it would cost a LOT less, and the huge workforce that is currently making a living parasitically as middlemen might find something useful to do. If the funds now tied up in investments to support claims were out there developing energy products and new medicines we'd all be better off.
September 2, 2006 12:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
But would you pay $10,000 a year for fire and casualty coverage of a $100,000 property?
Property insurance and health insurance premiums are, unfortunately, apples and oranges. The former are, actuarily, quite rational; the latter -- not so much.
If people are making an economically sound decision to go bare, now, how do you propose to convince them that paying a premium for universal health care insurance is a good deal?
September 2, 2006 12:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good post, with something that has me thinking...
Few of these policy discussions mention health education. There may be lifestyle interventions such as weight loss or smoking cessation, but I wonder if there is any hope in getting a higher level of medical knowledge in the general population.
I don't know if you were in DC when Dr. Gabe Mirkin had his medical radio show, but I always liked the way he would handle callers who didn't want to go through gatekeepers. He'd ask them "what kind of specialist would you see if you suddenly lost vision in the outer half of both eyes?" Probably 90% said an opthalmologist, not realizing he was describing a neurosurgical emergency.
My company used Group Health for a while, giving up a while after the Humana takeover. Where I found the usual bottleneck was not with my primary physician, but with the triage nurses, who were rarely at an advanced practice level. I learned to game the system by writing up my presentation, such that it read like a consultant repport, and that was taken immediately to my doctor. Since she knew me well, a well-phrased report of failing all the Ottawa Ankle Criteria would get me an immediate referral. I have remarkable skill at breaking or spraining my ankles :-(.
Just as we don't want uninformed bypassing of the gatekeeper, we also need for people to recognize the true emergencies and not waste time. To some extent, advanced emergency medical systems, when present, will help, but even they need to be called. I've had several family members call me and describe a chief complaint that just got me saying: Call. 911. Right. Now.
Sadly, one stepfather-in-law (?) was calling me from a hospital bed. He had been letting a chiropractor treat his "back pain" for two weeks, presenting with absolutely classic symptoms of visceral pain. At the time, there were no open-heart or interventional radiology programs in Corpus Christi, and he never would have survived a ride to Houston. The aortic aneurysm blew completely the next morning.
I like the campaigns that are renaming developing stroke as "brain attacks", and pointing out that the critical period is even shorter than with a heart attack. At least in the larger cities, the ambulances know to bypass closer hospitals without neuroradiology.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 2, 2006 5:22 PM | Reply | Permalink
The "sound" economic decision is the simple impossibility of purchasing the insurance.
Medicare and Medicaid are something like 1/4 or so of the federal budget, I think. So I'm now paying the better part of $10,000 into a medical fund for others, and myself when I get old and broke. With a full national system, most health expenditures are in people's late years anyway so the cost should not go up hugely, overall. (Lots of old folks using Medicaid now.) So I would pay about the same as private, which I would have to do anyway, the wealthy probably spend more than I would anyway, and the poor would be covered.
Also factor in the improved protection to society in infectious disease, the reduction in clogging emergency rooms with their high expense, and the improved health of children in poor families leading to more productive and longer productive life, and I don't see a finanical argument against national health.
September 2, 2006 5:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
I actually knew Gabe Merkin (this spelling is wrong, but I can't remember the right one). He was a friend and colleague of my husband's. He was very smart and full of energy. Lost track of him over the years, though.
Jan Knaus
September 3, 2006 12:28 PM | Reply | Permalink
Mirkin, which I understand is an alternate spelling of the specialized hairpiece, the merkin.
AFAIK, he's still doing radio, or was a couple of years ago. They dropped him in the DC area. I'm not quite sure I was prepared to drop my journal summaries and Medscape page, but, especially when he was on the car radio when I commuted, he had a very good handle on new developments--if one called or wrote the office, they were happy to give you the relevant journal reference, and often copy the papers.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
September 3, 2006 1:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thanks for the update!
Jan Knaus
September 3, 2006 3:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
You're abso-tootly-ootly right Ellen. We don't need universal or any other kind of health care system. People go uninsured because they want to go uninsured! And if they're going to die they should just get on with it and decrease the surplus population.
September 6, 2006 8:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
All it takes is one illness to make someone ineligible for private health insurance: my healthy hair dresser is unable to get insurance because she has "unexplained vaginal bleeding", probably due to perimenepause. I interview people for a government study. I have met people living in expensive neighborhoods, who cannot get health insurance. They became sick, lost their jobs, there goes the health insurance. I have watched a neighbor"s 20 year old become permanently disabled following a car accident due to lack of money for rehabilitation. ($20,000 in health coverage goes nowhere in today's hospitals.) Anyone who has to depend on medicaide gets only minimal coverage. I don't understand how anyone can be against universal coverage.
September 11, 2006 1:13 PM | Reply | Permalink