18th Century Tolerance: George Washington willing to buy Jewish or Atheist workers
We should not over-romanticize the liberal-mindeness amongst the political lights of America’s early years.
Michelle Goldberg is quite clear-eyed about the Founders, but I sense an element of historical mistiness in some of the threads that have accompanied the discussion this week.
There was a certain worldly pragmatism that infused the religious tolerance of our eighteenth century forbears.
Consider George Washington’s open-mindedness about buying a new bricklayer for his farm at Mount Vernon. Washington writes to ask a friend and business colleague, Tench Tilghman, to buy such a craftsman for him at a sale in Baltimore, and indicates that he does not mind if the man purchased happens to be a Jew, a Muslim or an Atheist – so long as he is young, strong and reliable.
George Washington to Tench Tilghman
Mount Vernon, March 24, 1784.
Dear Sir:
I am informed that a Ship with Palatines is gone up to Baltimore, among whom are a number of Trademen. I am a good deal in want of a House Joiner and Bricklayer, (who really understand their profession) and you would do me a favor by purchasing one of each, for me.
I would not confine you to Palatines. If they are good workmen, they may be of Asia, Africa, or Europe. They may be Mahometans, Jews or Christian of an Sect, or they may be Atheists.
I would however prefer middle aged, to young men and those who have good countenances and good characters on ship board, to others who have neither of these to recommend them, altho, after all, the proof of the pudding must be in the eating.
I do not limit you to a price, but will pay the purchase money on demand. This request will be in force 'till complied with, or countermanded, because you may not succeed at this moment, and have favourable ones here after to do it in.
My best respects, in which Mrs. Washington joins, are presented to Mrs. Tilghman and Mrs. Carroll. and I am etc.
Mount Vernon, March 24, 1784.












Mr. Blackton,
Perhaps people are being overly romantic about the Founders, but I think you are falling into the trap that many liberals fall into of being overly cynical.
Because the letter seeks something worldly, you presume that Washington's statement of tolerance is merely a pragmatic one.
But what about Washington's letter to the Jewish Community at Newport when he was President.
Here's a link to the history of that:
Washington's Letter to Newport
Some of the important quotes from it:
Could a modern liberal state it better?
Note that the history tells us this was a largely ceremonial visit. President Washington needed nothing from these people. Does that reflect a worldly pragmatism?
May 26, 2006 1:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
I don't know what Blackton's point is with these articles.
I didn't see ANY mistiness about the Founders in any of the posts I read - except that they weren't interested in founding a "Christian Nation" - which is the point under discussion.
So Washington bought slaves. How is that relevant to the discussion? We already know that slavery was still practiced by the Founders.
Should I now bring up Jefferson's comments and the whole history of his relationship with slavery?
What's the point?
I don't even understand the reference. Washington said a ship of Palatine tradesmen showed up. He wanted one. He didn't care if the individual was actually a Palatine, or a Jew, a Muslim, an atheist, or a Christian. Just get me a bricklayer!
Big deal.
May 26, 2006 4:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
Umm, maybe we are looking at a matter of different interpretations here: When George Washington wrote of "a ship of Palatines" at Baltimore, he was most likely referring to immigrants from the Palatinate ; i.e. Germans. In which case "purchase for me" might mean "purchase their indentures" (labor contracts under which poorer immigrants often "sold" their future employment in return for passage - just like today) - which is not quite the same as the outright "purchase" of slaves. Not that Washington would probably have balked at the latter - but an (white) indentured worker could be simply let go after the term of his contract, or when the bricklaying project was finished; whereas a slave had to kept on and fed/clothed/housed, if not, then re-sold into whatever the market might be. Although without further research, we can't know exactly what it was Washington was contemplating.
Think of it as a leasing-vs-buying equipment situation (Eighteen-Century style).
May 28, 2006 11:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
Interesting point, Jay C.
Reveals the danger of commenting without taking in all the possibilities.
I also noted that Blackton's headline says "Washington willing to buy Jewish or Atheist workers" - implying that Washington was a Christian, whereas the actual letter says "They may be Mahometans, Jews or Christian of an Sect, or they may be Atheists."
Note that "Christian of an Sect" - which probably means "Christian of any sect."
Definitely changes the connotation - enough so that I suspect Blackton of fudging his headline.
May 28, 2006 3:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
Transhuman:
You are correct: Washington DID write "Christian of any Sect" - you can check the original text HERE . Fortunately for posterity, The Father Of His Country had atypically legible handwriting for the time.
And, I agree with you re the headline, as well: "buy[ing] workers" needs context to make sense (though as an illustration of Washington's broadmindedness, it works just fine.)
May 29, 2006 10:25 AM | Reply | Permalink
I would however prefer middle aged, to young men
In the event it sounds as if primus inter pares was more interested in testosterone levels than religious enthusiasms.
May 29, 2006 10:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
Or maybe he was hoping his investment would pay off for a long time as opposed to a shorter time. In this case, if the Masters friend sent him a female vassal with a very low testosterone count but assurances that she was an outstanding bricklayer, he would have likely, or at least possibly, pointed her towards a pile of bricks and told her to get yo work. True though, he may have then become interested in her hormone levels.
May 29, 2006 11:42 AM | Reply | Permalink
Whoops! I misread the quote and reversed the age order. My bad.
May 29, 2006 11:44 AM | Reply | Permalink
Well, in George's defense, he was looking for a BRICKLAYER - and hopefully in completing said job sometime before the century was over...
Having his friend buy a sixty-year-old bricklayer would have been a misuse of his funds...
May 30, 2006 12:27 AM | Reply | Permalink