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Overclass Media Bias

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Reuters: "Average hourly earnings rose to $16.41 in January from $16.34 in December. In the 12 months through January, earnings have risen by 3.3 percent, the largest for any 12-month period in nearly three years, since February 2003." I can think of a few things one might want to follow that up with. Perhaps one would observe that this will boost the Republican Party's contention that after some troubles the economy is back on track. Or maybe one would observe that despite this bit of good news, wage growth throughout this recovery has been pathetic by historical standards notwithstanding strong profit growth. Or maybe a quick and easy "hooray!" would be in order.

But no: "The wage data is likely to fan concerns that steady job growth is pushing up demands for wage rises and that could help foster broader inflation." If your wages had been slowly dropping for years and just recently started inching back up, I doubt this would be your primary worry.


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Again, for the 965th time, focusing solely wage growth is misleading, since it ignores more than one-third of total compensation - and the third of total compensation that you are ignoring is the part that has been increasing in recent years.

If the money my employer pays to buy my health insurance increases by 25% over three years, but the services provided me are no better, or actually deteriorate, then is it fairer to say that my ' total compensation...that has been increasing in recent years', or that 'the dollar cost of what my non-salary compensation has been purchasing has been increasing in recent years'?

Not to mention the fact that even this number isn't keeping up with inflation... The most recent numbers for year on year change in consumer prices is 3.4%, so even after this number your average worker is worse off in real terms than he was a year ago.

When it comes to articles concerning the economy, I would think that there is a bias in the audience.   I mean how many people making the national average are going to read about economic gauges.  I'm not saying they shouldn't care, but the majority of people reading the article will be connected to Wall Street in one way or another.  And what Wall Street is looking for is greater profits or the Fed to stop raising interest rates.

but the services provided me are no better, or actually deteriorate

So, you think medicine has worsened over the past, say, 5 years, rather than improved?

I think it's fair to say that the quality of health care is constantly improving and that is why its cost is higher.  It could be pushed higher than it should be by artificial forces.  Certainly, diagnosis of diseases using today's technology is much more accurate and less invasive than they have been in the past.

It is HIGHLY misleading to compare changes in wage growth (which ignore compensation in the form of health care benefits) to changes in the CPI (which include increases related to health care prices). 

Remember that health care inflation is much higher than inflation for most other sectors.  (The US Medical Care Index component of the CPI has increased 23.9% from 2000 - 2005, while the CPI as a whole has only increased 13.4% from 2000 - 2005.  Stats here.)

If you're going to argue that rising health care costs are the result of better quality care, you should be ready to bust out the numbers. How much better?

Well, I DO think that medicine is improving.  But that's not necessary to show for purposes of this argument.

Let's make it a bit simpler.  Let's say your employer pays you wages of $30,000 and also provides you a benefit of paying for the gasoline in your car.  In 2004, this benefit was worth $3,000.  However, due to increasing gas prices, in 2005, your employer paid for $5,000 worth of gasoline (even though it paid for the exact same number of gallons as 2004), while keeping your wages at $30,000.

Now, you tell me, did you get a $2,000 increase in compensation in 2005 over 2004?  It sure looks like it to me, even though your "wage growth" was zero.  And you don't have to say that the gas provided in 2005 was any better than the gas provided in 2004.

No, let's look at health care costs. Tell me how much on a percent basis care quality has risen. You assert that quality has increased, show your work.

Again, for the 965th time, focusing solely wage growth is misleading, since it ignores more than one-third of total compensation - and the third of total compensation that you are ignoring is the part that has been increasing in recent years.

Wow, 965 times. And while hypothetical examples pulled out of one's butt might be entertaining, one might consider these facts when we attempt to discern who is misleading whom regarding wage growth vs. "total compensation":

From the NCHC:

The percentage of people with employment-based health insurance dropped from 70 percent in 1987 to 61 percent in 2004. This is the lowest level of employment-based insurance coverage in more than a decade.

 In 2003, 27 million workers were uninsured because not all businesses offer health benefits

Employee spending for health insurance coverage (employee's share of family coverage and deductibles) has increased 126 percent between 2000 and 2004.

From Kaiser Family Foundation:
There are at least 5 million fewer jobs providing health insurance in 2004 than 2001

In 2004, 37% of all small businesses offer no health benefits to their workers.

Since 2001, employee contributions increased 57 percent for single coverage and 49 percent for family coverage, while workers wages have increased only 12 percent.

The average is meaningless--since all the gain could be among high income earners. What's the change in median hourly income? That's a more meaningful statistic.

Apparently the poster is referring to the substantial increases in health care costs.  In addition to low growth in wages, many employers have been shifting health care cost increases to the workers...resulting in even less take-home pay.  Pensions have also taken a hit, with a number of high-profile examples in the news recently.

I would therefore say that the news, from the point of view of employees, is actually even worse when these effects are accounted for.  Would helpme contend otherwise?

And I assert that it is IRRELEVANT to the point I am making whether quality is improving.

Of course it's relevant. If I get a raise at work on the stipulation that I burn the money once I get it home, then that raise isn't going to have much meaning outside of the relationship between me and my employer.

In the gasoline example, all one could really say is that the employee got a raise that matched inflation, and accordingly got no real increase in pay.  In the healthcare example, you can argue that with the same effective income, the employee got better healthcare, but once you start factoring in things like that, the issue "are employees actually better off?" becomes impossible to get a handle on.  You might as well start talking about inflation "adjusted for life expectancy".

I think the point that got a bit muddled above is that while healthCARE might be improving, healthcare INSURANCE might be deteriorating - for example, employee gets no cash raise, employer pays $7K for insurance instead of $6K, but in addition, the insurance covers fewer items and has higher co-pays and deductibles.  So the employee got a "raise" but has less money in his pocket, even leaving inflation aside.  Therefore, talking about the cost of the coverage is only a part of the answer. 

The question is whether a dollar of health care coverage buys more or less, not some vague handwaving notion of whether 'medicine is better'.

Again, fascinating, but not relevant to the point - which is that by ignoring the increases in compensation that are termed "benefits" instead of "wages", a focus on "wages" (as Matthew does) is misleading.

Now you point out that less people are getting employer provided health benefits.  Which makes it even more telling that the amounts employers are providing in benefits overall (even though for a relatively smaller group of people) are increasing so much.

helpme: It is HIGHLY misleading to compare changes in wage growth (which ignore compensation in the form of health care benefits) to changes in the CPI (which include increases related to health care prices).

I don't think it's misleading, the Employment Cost Index, which includes benefits, actually rose slightly more SLOWLY than wages in the year to December 05, over that period the ECI rose only 3.1%.  Altho in fairness, going back a little farther the ECI did rise faster than both wages and CPI (the following are percent changes YoY):

         ECI  Wages   CPI

2005  3.1      3.2      3.4
2004  3.7      2.5      3.3
2003  3.8      1.7      1.9
2002  3.4      3.1      2.4

Yes, I agree with this COMPLETELY.  The appropriate thing to do is to compare the compensation growth with inflation (and, as I pointed out above, you need to compare apples to apples - the CPI includes increases in the price of health care, so you need to look at a measure of compensation that includes health care benefits).

So, let's look at the numbers!

Total compensation for all civilian workers from Q1 2001 to Q4 2005 went from an index of 152.3 to 180.9, or an increase of 25.3%.  (link)

CPI from Jan 2001 to Dec 2005 went from an index of 175.1 to 195.3, or an increase of 11.5%.  (see link above)As you can see total compensation outpaced CPI by a large margin over the period.

Yup.  I posted a link to the ECI data in my comment above (#20), and compared the ECI data over the 2001-2005 period to the CPI.  For 2005 alone, the CPI is slightly higher than the ECI, although over that entire period, the ECI far outpaces the CPI.

I don't think it's misleading

I gotta say, since Matthew was only looking at 2005, you are right, it is NOT misleading!!

OK, never mind everything I had to say on this thread as it pertains solely to 2005 (although it is certainly applicable to any longer term review)...

Health Insurance industry does have dillema.  They offer a group rate to employers to insure their employees with.  The premiums are the same whether it's a spry 25 year old employee a few years out of college or a senior employee within a few years of retirement.

If there is an apparent decrease in the quality of health insurance - less coverage / higher deductibles - it's because you or someone you are grouped with is using more health care or using higher quality health care.  The 25-year old employees might think that they aren't getting their fair share under this system, and that shows in the large percentage of young people not purchasing health insurance.  But if everyone paid their fair share, your senior employees might be paying $1400/month.

 The source of the problem is that in recent years there's more and better care available to the older segment of the population, and it's concentrating the use of health care in a small percentage of those insured.

 

Three points.



1. Real wages are not rising all that fast in any case. We don't have CPI data for January yet, but assume there is no zero in the CPI from December to January. Then the real average hourly wage in January 2005 was $16.42. That's a loss of one cent over the year. Any increase in the CPI since December implies a larger loss.



2. This is the average hourly wage for production workers. That means folks on the lower end of the pay scale who are less likely to be compensated in any manner other than wages. The rise in total compensation is just that. The relatively fast growth in compensation reflects the growing inequality among workers.



3. Total compensation doesn't even mean an increase to today's workers. If, during the growth of the stock bubble, companies underfunded their pensions thinking the bubble wealth was real, they might have a lot to make up these days. That means accelerating contributions to pension funds, which would then show up as faster growth in compensation. That doesn't mean workers are getting compensated any more for their work. Of course, this makes the second point even more important, as any increase in pension contributions or increase in health insurance spending means nothing to those workers that get neither.

Please show how an increase of 152.3 to 180.9 is an increase of 25.3%.

 Thanks.

That's an excellent example.  No, your real compensation didn't rise at all, even though the sum of the nominal value has risen. Your compensation in the both periods was 30,000 dollars plus X gallons of gas.  The cost to the employer of providing that compensation doesn't affect your compensation one iota.

In health care, compensation has been falling. Employees lose a a larger share of their paycheck and are paying higher drug copays. Even if the cost to the employer of providing this in-kind benefit has risen,  from the employee's perspective, her compensation has fallen, not risen.

The employer decided to provide this inkind benefit (for tax reasons, mostly.  Health care became deductible during WWII wage controls as a way of increasing compensation without raising wages.).  That those in-kind benefits have risen in cost does not mean that the employee's benefit has risen. 

Hmmm, that's going to be a tough one, since my calculator now seems to say it is an increase of 18.8%!  Bad, bad calculator!

Nevertheless, 18.8% is much more than 11.5% (um, if my calculator is right this time, it is 63.5% more).
"If there is an apparent decrease in the quality of health insurance - less coverage / higher deductibles - it's because you or someone you are grouped with is using more health care or using higher quality health care. "

Why?  Why can't it just be because the insurance company feels like bringing in more money, and market forces allow them to do it?

"But if everyone paid their fair share, your senior employees might be paying $1400/month."

That depends what your definition of "fair" is.  The whole point of insurance is to socialize the risk.  If we don't do that we are dooming the poor and sick to illness and premature death.  The deal is, you pay for the old when you're young, and when you're old, someone else will pay for you.  Everyone has to be in the same pool.
What you're doing is misleading because you are stacking the statistical deck in favor of, well, the overclass.  You are not including any changes in employee costs for health care or pensions - just the raw total increases in these costs.  Employees are receiving less generous pensions and paying a larger fraction of health care costs - which means that the ability of the dismal performance in wages to pay for other things is even less favorable.

You're also utterly missing the main point of Matts article.  The article casts even small increases in take-home pay as an inflation threat, not a positive piece of economic news.  Now, if the subject was runaway health care costs rather than a tiny increase in wages, that might be a reasonable point.  But a 7 cent an hour wage increase?  The article as written reminds me of an old joke on business news; namely, postulating a headline that read "Food riots in Detroit: Wall Street rallies on reduced inflation fears."

Well I guess you can blame the increasing insurance premiums or decreasing coverage on profit motives.  HMOs are increasingly guilty of this especially since some of them are now profitable rather than unprofitable like they were during the late 90's.  I can't blame them for trying to break even, and that explains a part of the rise in premiums.  Everyone back then was paying less than they should have.

The other part is profit motivated and so I'll agree that premiums are higher today than they should be.

And insurance doesn't socialize risk.  An insurance company assumes the risk so that people don't have to store away a mound of cash in case that improbable misfortune strikes.  They'll calculate how much the misfortune costs and how likely it's going to happen and then charge a premium for assuming that risk.  Those with more costly or more likely misfortunes should pay more.  That's how car insurance works and that's how most types of insurance work.

Socializing the risk is welfare and that's what the government is in the business of doing.  The result is a higher premium on average in the form of a uniform group rate.  But yes, those high risk individuals don't have to pay $1400 per month.

"Those with more costly or more likely misfortunes should pay more."

This is the heart of our disagreement.  The analogy to auto insurance doesn't work for me because the factors that affect your auto insurance rate are mostly under your control.  That's partly true for health, partly not. 

As a society we are committed to treating people equally despite characteristics they cannot change (let[s leave the gay issue out for now).  Should blacks pay more than whites, or the poor pay more than the rich, since they get more illnesses statistically?  20 years from now when you can be genetically screened for the likelihood of contracting hundreds of diseases, should your insurance rate depend on that?  Should your ability to get insurance at all depend on it?

Now there's a lot better case for your health insurance rate to depend on lifestyle factors, but the expense and intrusiveness of monitoring everyone's smoking, eating, drinking, drug and exercise habits weighs against that - overwhelmingly in my opinion.

Then there's the age issue.  What's the big benefit of charging older people more as opposed to pooling everyone to spread the burden?  It's not as though there's moral hazard involved! 
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