A Sound Suggestion on Iran
Check out a very good op-ed by Flynt Leverett in today's New York Times, chronicling a number of Administration failures in dealing with Iran over the past five years but also suggesting that the U.S. and Europe now reinforce a Saudi call for a Gulf Security Council that would create a nuclear-weapons free zone across the Persian Gulf. The value to this approach, in addition to finding a way to engage Iran by other Muslim countries in ways less likely to allow the government to portray itself as the bulwark of nationalist resistance against the West, is that it offers the possibility of building additional collective institutions in the Middle East. Europe boasts the EU, NATO, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the European Free Trade Area, and any number of smaller institutions engaging Nordic countries, Mediterranean countries, Easterna and Western countries. Such a fabric of overlapping institutions guarantees lots of forums for communication and negotiation and many different possibilities for resolving disputes and using persuasion and even pressure to reach cooperative outcomes. Taken together, these institutions create a European order, reinforcing common values and treaty obligations and providing a high degree of stability and predictability. Order-building is a strategy that the U.S. was adept at throughout the Cold War, but has recently abandoned. The Middle East would be a fine place to start again.


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AUTHOR: paDem
DATE: 01/24/2006 07:33:36 AM
January 24, 2006 7:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
According to the BBC a conventional bomb was detonated in Iran. Do you have any thoughts about that?
January 24, 2006 7:35 AM | Reply | Permalink
Taken together, these institutions create a European order, reinforcing common values and treaty obligations and providing a high degree of stability and predictability. Order-building is a strategy that the U.S. was adept at throughout the Cold War, but has recently abandoned. The Middle East would be a fine place to start again.
Order? Stability? Middle Eastern countries communicating and working together? Are you sure the U.S. wants these things? I'm not. Divide and conquer? Perhaps not (although you have to wonder...). Divide and control? Absolutely.
January 24, 2006 7:35 AM | Reply | Permalink
Why limit the nuclear weapons free zone to the Persian Gulf? To have any power to convince muslim countries to forego a nuclear fuel cycle (which is their right under the NPT), the nuclear weapons free zone would have to be extended to the rest of the mid-east, including Israel. Muslim countries won't accept a double standard. Like North Korea, they'll talk, talk and talk. But they will proceed to develop their technical capabilities and industrial capacity while they talk. If Israeli nuclear de-proliferation off the table, then a Persian Gulf WMD-free zone is a pipe dream.
January 24, 2006 7:36 AM | Reply | Permalink
. . . a Saudi call for a Gulf Security Council . . . . Anne-Marie Slaughter
I haven't been able to find a report of this "Saudi call." Does anyone have a link?
N.B. Leverett says the U.S. or someone should create a "Gulf Security Council," but he doesn't mention who came up with the idea or whether anyone other than he supports the idea.
January 24, 2006 7:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
A collective security body with the charter aim of repressing nuclear weapons ambitions among the regional actors will simply not address these underlying realities, and will merely provide another layer of political cover while - the real reason they would acquiesce - providing ammunition to political opposition parties throughout a West whose political culture presumes a post-WWI/II faith in the pursuit of peace at any cost.
For all the Democratic, liberal, post-colonial talk about difference, otherness, oppression and liberation, imputing ignorance of foreign cultures and ideological blindness and outright evil to its opponents, the absence of any meaningful, reality-based assessment of the regional actors among the former is really striking. Collective security agencies are a great idea; peace - that is, the limiting of conflict to economic/political compromise and cooperation - is a great idea. But there are other forces in the world, some of them quite rational, that do not feel that way, and cannot feel that way without a kind of parity that is profoundly at odds with the actual capabilities of certain societies. Iran's search for a nuclear weapon is a short-cut to such parity; achieving that, it must search for a new means to aggrandize itself. Peace is a two-way street. Offering blandishments and sponsoring deliberative meta-national bodies without good faith actors on both sides is not enlightened and liberal self-interest, it is solipsism.
January 24, 2006 7:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
Say what you will about Bush’s Iraq policy, I find it ridiculous and patently wrong to criticize the Administration for its handling of Iran. Democrats continually assert that Bush’s neocon agenda is Colonialism of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Although I have many points to make on that issue, I will reserve them for the proper board. With Iran, however, Bush has been exceedingly diplomatic. Indeed, Bush has allowed the much maligned United Nations to take a leading role in Iranian containment in conjunction with the pacifist European Union. No doubt it keeps him up at night (along with Cheney and Rumsfeld), but the bottom line is he has taken a backseat to these other institutions. My question is, how else could Bush possibly be expected to deal with Iran? If the administration were to take a leading role in that nation’s containment, it would be chastised for continuing its war-mongering ways. In fact, Bush has also been very diplomatic and cautious with North Korea as well.
While a Middle East alliance seems like a good idea, I have serious doubts as to its feasibility. For one, insurgency and religious sects are mainstays of the region and have a noticeable amount of power when taken together. Secondly, there is such shallow amount of unity in the region that it is unlikely that these nations could agree on anything substantial. It would appear right now as if Iran is traveling down the same path North Korea did 2 years ago. It will be defiant and threaten to slow or stop oil production until it realizes it cannot do that and feed its people at the same time.
January 24, 2006 7:55 AM | Reply | Permalink
What a joke. Israel will never give up its nuclear weapons as long as people like Amadinejad and organizations like Hamas have power in the Muslim world and, as you say, Muslims will never accept a double standard. Barring a miracle these issues are going to be settled by force as they always have been.
January 24, 2006 8:06 AM | Reply | Permalink
As usual the elephant in the room when it comes to nuclear non-proliferation in the Middle East is Israel and what to do about its nuclear arsenal. Amid all the sound and fury about Iran there appears to be remarkably little discussion about what US policy towards Israel's nuclear weapons should be. It's naive to believe that the status quo of an Israeli nuclear monopoly in the Middle East can be sustained indefinitely or that it is somehow unrelated to the Iranian problem.
Incidentally the editorial has this to say:
"While Prince Saud blamed Israel for starting a nuclear arms race in the Middle East, his implication that a nuclear-weapons-free Gulf might precede a regionwide nuclear-weapons-free zone is a nuanced departure from longstanding Arab insistence that regional arms control cannot begin without Israel's denuclearization."
Even if we assume that this "nuanced departure" is official Saudi policy, it still means that the Saudis see Israel's nuclear weapons as part of the long-term agenda. If Israel insists on keeping its bombs, it's hard to see how any non-proliferation initiative in the Persian Gulf can succeed in the long run.
January 24, 2006 8:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
"Regionally defined"? When this Saudi-founded entity says "Iran isn't developing nuclear capabilities. Iran isn't violating human rights. Not by our standards." the U.S. will have even less leverage over Iran given that this entity approved by the U.S. has said Iran is obeying the rules. Then it will be an even more obvious regional confrontation if the West does anything.
(On a side note--if human rights scholars are now looking to Riyadh to help define human rights, the concept is now meaningless.)
January 24, 2006 8:10 AM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Are you sure the U.S. wants these things? I'm not. Divide and conquer? Divide and control? Absolutely.--------------
Obviously there is long history of competing strains of thought on whether the US has been adept at order-building, through the Cold War through to now, judging from George Kennan's own reflections on his own role in Cold War period foreign policy. One of his key concerns, as I have interpreted it, was that we have continued to delude ourselves into the posture that we are the most civilizing force in the world.
But if it is so, it sure engages in rhetorics which contribute to high levels of anxiety too, to the extent that it might be therapeutic to start a knitting circle or something: you know, with rocking chairs and all.
January 24, 2006 8:24 AM | Reply | Permalink
"With Iran, however, Bush has been exceedingly diplomatic."
When the last delegation from Washington visited Teheran?
What has the U.S. offered if Iran does not use its right to develop a fuel cycle?
Bush "allowed" others to talk to Teheran - great diplomacy!!!
January 24, 2006 8:26 AM | Reply | Permalink
Re: The absence of meaningful reality based assessments of the regional actors.----------
Well I don't know if I would characterize the situation as 'absence' because obviously the accuracy of your perception depends also on the extent to which you have arrived to it through direct evidence of the actors and researched the assessments that are currently out there now.
I think we have to couch these issues in more open-ended ways. This strikes me as a basic axiom of good thinking.
Then, as a response to a narrower but hornier point that you made about 'good faith actors'. I don't think it is going to be easy to claim that we are infinitely more capable of good faith, given our current understanding of the cognitive limitations of our minds and the impact of fear and trauma. In other words, I think the term 'good faith' is highly misleading and anachronistic now and obscures underlying states of mind.
January 24, 2006 9:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
"Offering blandishments and sponsoring deliberative meta-national bodies without good faith actors on both sides is not enlightened and liberal self-interest, it is solipsism."
Unfortunately the exact same thing can be said about the United States.
Eliding the specific references to Islam and tribal societies, just about everything said can be said about the US. It's interests are primary, it supports terrorism when it suits its purposes, it has no interest in negotiating seriously, it believes it can dominate not just the Muslim world but the ENTIRE world (reread those PNAC documents where it says that the United States must insure that NO other country is ALLOWED to become even a REGIONAL power, let alone an international one!) , and its ultimate intentions are FAR more imperialistic than even the most radical Muslim cleric.
The US has run on "bad faith" for nearly the last two centuries - and the rest of the world knows it.
January 24, 2006 11:15 AM | Reply | Permalink
Bush has been diplomatic only to the degree that he has allowed the Europeans to be his stalking horse, instead of angrily confronting them as he did over Iraq.
I don't call that any major advancement in diplomacy on his part. Particularly since he seems willing to allow Israel to be the stalking horse in terms of actually initiating military action against Iran - an action which both Israel and Bush KNOWS must inevitably draw the US into a direct war with Iran.
The bottom line is that the entire Iranian "crisis" is of Bush's making and he shows absolutely no signs of retreating from an inevitable march to war with Iran.
January 24, 2006 11:19 AM | Reply | Permalink
For there to be any standard, there first needs to be recognition of Jewish national rights in Israel by the Arab establishment. Lift the state of war currently imposed by 19 out of 22 Arab League member nations, and perhaps Israel may find a reason to believe in the good intentions behind the Saudi rhetoric of a nuclear free Middle East.
January 24, 2006 11:24 AM | Reply | Permalink
Which may have something to do with the fact that, while Israel has done nothing with its nuclear arsenal, Iran's leadership has made no secret of its nuclear ambitions or of wishing Israel off the map.
Again, lift the culture of radical rejection and the state of war currently imposed by Iran and 19 out of 22 Arab League member nations, and perhaps Israel may find a reason to believe in the good intentions behind the Saudi rhetoric of a nuclear free Middle East.
January 24, 2006 11:31 AM | Reply | Permalink
He and what army?
January 24, 2006 11:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
First, to have the nukes are the only guarantee for Israel to survive in a explicit hostile environment. Israel could only abandon it's nuclear potential if it would live in an environment comparable to, let's say, central Europe.
Second, the precondition to build EU etc. in Europe was American hegemony. The century old struggle for dominance on the continent was ended by the overwhelming power of the U.S. army. America's role in producing the postmodern European paradise was crucial.
Third point: The argument that Israel is the problem is misleading. What Teheran want's is to become Number one in the Middle East. Israel is only a pretext.
January 24, 2006 12:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Without understanding this, I think you make an ignorant error in your wishful equivocation: "eliding" the Islamic and tribal characteristics of Arab and Muslim society with our projection and management and - yes - repression - of certain power matrices is ideological blindness per se in the current strategic environment. Don't ellide, look. Truth is just a plain picture. These ridiculous conspiracy theories that no one has any direct knowledge of (because they don't exist) just demonstrate a bad intellectual habit, they don't pull the veil back.
Besides, why do you resist evaluating the policies of these actors with respect to their goals? You think an Iran-Israel confrontation is just great for everyone, or that it could be limited to those actors, or that it wouldn't impinge directly on your person, state and possibly country if there were an oil shock? You think the notion of keeping troops in Germany and Japan, among other places, isn't a laudable policy with respect to the designs of repeated, catastrophic predators whose policies don't result in millions of unintentional deaths but 10s of millions of intended? I don't get it. To paraphrase Rumsfeld, you have to work with the world you have to work with. Critcizing the United States for its many errors means nothing but comfort to those who consider themselves our enemies if you are entirely unwilling to extend the same critique to them and others. Moreover, if such considerations depended upon "direct knowledge" then no one would know anything or could make any decisions because such direct experience is precluded even from Presidents and Prime Ministers.
C'mon dude. What do you think Iran is doing, and why, and do you like it or don't you like it? We already know what you think about the USA. But Iran is not just a figment of insidious PR manipulation by the Pentaverate. So - Iran. I'd love to hear your analysis of IRAN.
January 24, 2006 12:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
Well good faith is not a matter of degree - you either act in good faith or not. The question of whether one likes the outcome is another question; to impute bad faith to an actor just because you didn't like the outcome would be evidence of bad faith to the imput-or (sorry not sure if that's a word).
January 24, 2006 3:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
I fear you're right. The issue will not be settled peacefully, unless "settling the issue" means having Iran and Israel both in possession of nuclear weapons. Iran will never agree to forego a nuclear fuel cycle if Israel doesn't deproliferate. It's possible that a combination of draconian sanctions could force Israel to do so, but given the current political situation that is highly unlikely.
But how could the issue be settled by force? A group of western countries could fly in and attempt to take out Israeli nuclear capability. But this is virtually impossible. Israel and its allies could try to fly in and take out Iranian nuclear capabilities, also very unlikely absent an Israeli nuclear attack on Iran. And very dangerous -- if you're going to shoot at a "king" with credible nuclear pretentions, make sure you kill him, because if you only wound him you have real trouble.
So what are you suggesting? A nuclear attack by Israel that will probably incinerate more than six million Iranians?
Given what you say about Israel never giving up its nuclear weapons, the best we can hope for is a rational spread of nuclear weapons in the mid-east, one that maintains a nuclear balance of terror. It will be painful for Israel to give up its nuclear monopoly, but for most people that would be preferable to an Israeli nuclear attack on Iran.
It is, afterall, the only way the issue will be peacefully resolved.
January 24, 2006 4:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
January 24, 2006 4:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Why must a "nuclear Iran" be "prevented"?
January 24, 2006 4:46 PM | Reply | Permalink
I don't understand. What bomb? Terrorist, regular military, or part of nuclear weaponization such as the "pumpkins" used by 509th Bomb Group B-29s for practice before Hiroshima?
January 24, 2006 4:54 PM | Reply | Permalink
Begs the Iranian counter for a nuclear free Middle East. A great idea.
January 24, 2006 6:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
Can Israel's Nuclear Force Survive a First Strike?
Kudos to Mr. Levrett for his realistica assessment and for an approach of constructive engagement.
January 24, 2006 6:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
Indeed, Bush has allowed the much maligned United Nations to take a leading role in Iranian containment in conjunction with the pacifist European Union. No doubt it keeps him up at night (along with Cheney and Rumsfeld), but the bottom line is he has taken a backseat to these other institutions. My question is, how else could Bush possibly be expected to deal with Iran? If the administration were to take a leading role in that nation’s containment, it would be chastised for continuing its war-mongering ways. In fact, Bush has also been very diplomatic and cautious with North Korea as well.
The problem isn't so much what Bush has done, but why he's doing it. The "Axis of Evil" remark, combined with the invasion of Iraq, make it obvious to anyone who's paying attention that the only reason we haven't invaded Iran or North Korea is because of the military difficulty in doing so, not because of any dedication to finding a peaceful solution. Because we invaded Iraq, we negotiate from a position of weakness.
After America declares victory in Iraq and pulls out to some degree, it might again be ready to invade a country. Let's say we'd be ready to invade Iran in two years. If Iran wants to avoid invasion, what course should they pursue? Proving they they are without nuclear capability? Our invasion of Iraq, despite the objections of inspectors, showed the futility of approach. No, the sensible thing to do would be to construct nuclear arms as quickly as they possibly can. North Korea has nukes while Saddam didn't, and thus Kim Jong Il remains in power while Saddam is a prisoner. The direction we are encouraging Iran to follow is pretty obvious. The situation is so broken now because invading Iraq demonstrated our insincerity and weakened our military position.
How should Bush change his policies? The no win situation we are in now is so daunting that it's difficult for me to say. But the first step would be to fire anyone who supported the invasion of Iraq or bungled its reconstruction. No one can be expected to have any faith in the the future decisions of those who were so very wrong. Finding the right policy in Iran is too hard a task for armchair statesman and generals or partisan second-guessing- which is why it's important that we have people we trust in position to make those decisions.
January 25, 2006 7:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
It would appear a bit presumptuous to outright declare, “The bottom line is that the entire Iranian "crisis" is of Bush's making and he shows absolutely no signs of retreating from an inevitable march to war with Iran.”
If that is indeed the case, where does the European Union stand? Have the European nations not been at the forefront of the negotiations? What about Russia and China who continually hesitate at bringing Iran before the UN Security Council? Are they not at least partly responsible for the situation? Bush will not act against Iran unilaterally. If there is to be a war with that nation, it will be a multilateral effort with the UN or EU in the leading role. Personally, I think a war would be a poor decision in this case, but I would also refute the notion that the U.S. military is stretched so thin that it is irrelevant at present.
January 25, 2006 8:49 AM | Reply | Permalink
The European Union produces talk but has nothing to deliver. Instead three allied European governments spent most of the previous year in protracted negotiations with Iran, but they hadn't anything to offer either.
Maybe it's time to start to study the Iranian point of view to see if it might be more favorable to cooperate than to escalate the conflict. Maybe it's also high time to question what the conflict actually is about. If US dominance is the key motivation, maybe it's not so unexpected if US governments would have problems to find the right partners in their quest.
Diplomacy with China, Russia and France would probably be a good start.
January 25, 2006 2:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
Hamas 76
Fatah 43
Two Cheers for Sharon
January 26, 2006 2:05 PM | Reply | Permalink
A) Now we can hold the PA directly responsible for terrorism and not have them be able to claim it wasn't really them
and,
B) It will bring Europe around to Israel's point of view
and,
C) in time, Hamas may moderate themselves in response to reality and external pressure, meaning a sustainable peace might be possible.
and,
D) Fatah deserved to lose
January 26, 2006 2:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
3 - Exactly right. I have a Christian PAL friend, several in fact, but this one fella I spoke with on Sunday about the WaPo article on USAID funding Fatah's campaign. Not news to him. "Did you know that the concrete supplier for the Wall is Fatah, receiving bonus monies to furnish redi-mix to the Israelis"
Whne Bush blustered, Hamas's response was classic:
Hamas's rejoinder is great.
We don't have time to negotiate and why should we? We just get screwed. If Israel concedes something up front, maybe we will talk ...Until then, we're cleaning up corruption
Just like Bush wanted!
Better be careful what you pray for..Allah might just give it to you
January 26, 2006 6:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
Robert Dreyfuss: Why Hamas's Victory Is a Disaster
History News Nwtwork Podcast
January 27, 2006 2:05 AM | Reply | Permalink
The most likely outcome is what you most fear - a nuclear holocaust in the Middle-East which incinerates several hundred million people and destroys the region and its resources, particularly its oil resources.
Next most likely is that we take out Iran the way we did Iraq which will not bring peace and democracy but will remove the immediacy of the nuclear threat.
Not great but too, too real.
January 28, 2006 9:10 AM | Reply | Permalink
J. McCutchen "JmacSF"
San Francisco. CA
Divide and control? Someone get the fella a double Reality on the Rocks. Stick a little green political Islam flag in it.
As for order, it is precisely this sort of solipsistic Old- Glorified-These-Colors-Don't-Run-Bring-It-On-Bunkum that has made a shambles of order, a subject of a recent book by one of Anne's colleagues in fact:
450,000,000,000 thru FY07. 100,000 a minute. Unimaginable damage to the region, to US power and prestige, but one thing is more certain today than before Bush, his Useful Idiots and Democratic syncophantic cowards rolled this country into the greatest strategic disaster in its history - we've sure brought Middle Eastern countries together.
And yes, they all died in vain - about 200,000+.
February 11, 2006 4:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
J. McCutchen "JmacSF"
San Francisco. CA
Israel will never give up its nuclear weapons. Perhaps but to imply that it needs nukes to keep secure against the likes of Amadinejad and Hamas is rubbish. Since 1973, Israel's conventional forces have provided all the deterrence that country needs. Nuclear weapons add only theatrics to the security mix and arguably make a deteriorating security position even more precarious.
I highly recommend The Fate of Israel.
Iran's nuclear weapons program won't be resolved militarily and neither will Israel's. At best, nuclear weaponry affords each deterrence only against attacks on it's own territory.
Amadinejad may not be as foolish as is popularly believed;
Thank God for that
February 11, 2006 4:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
San Francisco. CA
The Fate of Israel -
Defense and the National Interest