John McLaughlin Dazed and Confused
Having watched former Deputy CIA Director John Mclaughlin spend the day trying to back and fill for President Bush's decision to circumvent the FISA Court procedure (which occurred during Mclaughlin's tenure), we begin to understand why the CIA declined so badly under his watch. Mclaughlin argues, as always, in a calm, polite voice--the quintessential bureaucrat--that the threat is new and terrorists move too quick. Now, either he's lying, which I don't think, or he spent too much time cloistered at the Headquarters in McLean and is sadly misinformed. The so-called "new practice," where terrorists call on one phone, dump it, pick up a new phone, dump it, and so on, was pioneered by the Colombian drug cartels, among others, more than ten years ago. DEA, while facing some challenges, has actually become quite adept at chasing these guys while working within the constraints of FISA. Surely Mclaughlin is not asking us to believe that the intelligence community is too stupid to learn lessons from DEA?
But, let's assume for a moment that Mclaughlin is right. That the terrorists really started doing something new after 9-11. If the intelligence community and President Bush realized that FISA was inadequate to meet the challenge why didn't they seek authority from the Congress to deal with the new threat? That my friends is the crux of the issue. Bush and Cheney and Mclaughlin want to argue after the fact that they had to act to "save" the nation, while sacrificing the law and Constitution without seeking a change to either. This stinks and this is wrong. That Mclaughlin is allowed on television without tough questioning by media is a whole other issue.


No one can explain this because the chimp is mentally unstable. He..is..insane. Impeach him before he invades another country and spends another 500 Billion and kills another 2000 of our soldiers.
December 20, 2005 4:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
Bush has to be impeached. It's that simple. Would we be sitting around wringing our hands if General Pinochet staged a military coup? The idea that our Constitution has been so trampled upon and Democrats and other administration opponents sit around and wait for somebody else to do something is appalling. We need to stage a general strike or make some dent in the economy or do something quickly to make our views not known but felt. Once the rule of law means nothing, it's going to be very difficult to reestablish it.
December 20, 2005 5:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
How the mighty have fallen. I used to love McLaughlin when he was with Mahavishnu Orchestra. Fastest guitar player ever? Perhaps. Holdsworth and Fripp are up for the same award.
December 20, 2005 5:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
The Democrats are doing something. The DNC, for example, is submitting a FIA request for all of the communications dealing with legal advice to the president on this subject, to be handed in on Thursday. Senator Boxer has requested analysis by a few constitutional experts as to whether this is an impeachable act by Bush. Those are first steps, but every movement has to start from first steps.
One thing the Democrats cannot possibly do is force the Congress to begin impeachment hearings in the House Judiciary Committee. Only our continued pressure on our own representatives in Congress can achieve that, if it is achievable at all.
At worst, we can force the Republicans to refuse to start impeachment hearings, putting them in the position of approving of presidential law breaking and violating the oath of office. Perhaps that will be the straw that breaks the Republican hold on voter's loyalty.
December 20, 2005 5:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
Someone let the cat out of the bag on one of the cable shows.
They didn't use FISA because the evidence they wanted to use was obtained illeagally. They coulcn't take it to FISA. Was it obtained thru Torture or a Black Bag OP?
We may never know. It is all Secret.
Not secret to stop the bad guys from finding out, but secret to stop the Public from finding out.
December 20, 2005 5:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
Larry -
Remebering your story about news producers who did not want your information correcting what had been said on the air, I have to ask about how these questions are formaulated.
Is there an opportunity for people outside a news program to provide ideas, possible questions? Specifically having watched Gwen Ifil interview him, is there a way for you or others to interact with her, proivide detailed background, other?
A separate issue - does electronic surveillance include postings to and/or visits to internet sites? If so are these rules like the email rules or like telephone conversation rules?
December 20, 2005 5:57 PM | Reply | Permalink
"...where terrorists call on one phone, dump it, pick up a new phone, dump it, and so on..."
I imagine that's how all vegans handle their terrorist lettuce.
December 20, 2005 6:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'm proud of the Democrats who are doing something (those you mentioned, plus wonderful Russ Feingold to whom I wrote a letter of support today), and happy that they have accomplished a few things lately with solidarity and commitment. I'm just saying that the Bush administration seems to be more blatantly and proudly ignoring the laws and the Constitution. On average, the President seems to be suffering from mild disapproval rather than rabid outrage. At what point do we get impatient with the losers in office? There is no way we can let this President get another Supreme Court justice onto the bench. If the administration's interpretation of the "law" prevails, where will this country be?
December 20, 2005 6:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
I spoke tonight, after the show, with one of the producers of this segement. We'll see what happens.
LJ
December 20, 2005 6:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yeah, he's really changed since his days with the "McLaughlin Group," where I don't ever remember him using a "calm, polite voice"!
December 20, 2005 6:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
Bush mounted a vigorous defense of his order authorizing warrantless eavesdropping on overseas telephone calls and e-mail of U.S. citizens with suspected ties to terrorists. He contended that his inherent authority under the Constitution, as Commander-in-Chief, and "Constitutional obligation to protect citizens" against attack justified a circumvention of warrants.
Where? He is constitutional commander in chief of the Army and Navy, but congress gives him the army to command. Thats it!
U.S. Constitution
Article II The Presidency
Section 1. Presidential Power - The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.....
Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Section 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.
He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.
Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.
Article I The Legislative Branch
Section 8. The Congress shall have power...
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;
To provide and maintain a navy;
To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
December 20, 2005 6:40 PM | Reply | Permalink
We need to stage a general strike or make some dent in the economy or do something quickly to make our views not known but felt.
Something we can all do is write to our Congressman demanding that he/she take the lead in impeaching Bush. If enough of us do that the Congress cannot ignore us. But, if we don't, those timid members who are afraid of the voters will sit silently by waiting for someone else to do it. I just emailed Representative Matsui, who I campaigned for, and I demanded that she step up and lead on this. It only took about 5 minutes. Please, let's all do that.
December 20, 2005 6:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
I just got done watching Gwen Ifill allow this fool McLaughlin tell the nation that all these terrorist's laptop computers contain "terabytes of data", making it impossible to get through the FISA requirements because of that amount.
Give me a break. I took my first basic programming class in 1983, punched cards well before that, and I would challenge anybody, anywhere to show me a laptop computer with terabytes of data!
The Cray supercomputer that used to be (and maybe still is) at the National Weather service required half a footbal field of other computers to feed it data so it can crunch way less than a terabyte of modeling data. Who is this fool and why is he on the show?
December 20, 2005 6:54 PM | Reply | Permalink
Larry -- next time you talk to your friends over at the FBI could you fill them in on something.
Quakers. The reason we have these troublemakers (and I come from them) is because the King of England wanted them out of his hair, and he gave William Penn the title to the State of Pennsylvania.
Quakers do not have a particular Cread -- but they do hold with the notion that there is that of God in everything, and if you sit still quietly long enough and contemplate, maybe you will find it. From that comes the witness against militarism and war. It is an odd construction, an odd belief, but that's what it is. They have been making witness in this country to that idea in many fashions for nearly 350 years, and a few more FBI and Pentagon investigations are quite likely not to change it. In fact, the investigations and all that more or less prove they are on the right track.
I wouls also suggest that the Catholic Worker Movement is sometyhing of a trap -- a waste of manpower. They are super Catholic Formalists -- but otherwise quakerlike and pacifistic. One wonders -- have the FBI types read any of the Dorthy Day materials? (And yes -- some influences on their movement are French).
The thing that really angers me about all this is how these agencies seem to reach back into J. Edgar Hoover's old pouch and houl out old organizations without any sense of actually knowing America. Are they still fighting Hoover's old wars, or are they really focused on current problems. Sadly, I don't think a coalition of Quekers, Vegans, Catholic Workers and PETA folk are going to lead you to terrorists.
December 20, 2005 7:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
"Why didn't they seek authority from Congress to deal with the threat?"
I know this is an honest question, but we're dealing with an administration that makes even Nixon look almost honest.
Conspiracy theory, yes. This thing is so damned big, secret, complex and ongoing that even most career members of Congress don't know what the hell is going on in their own government of which they are supposed to be its leaders!
This spying on Americans IS about establishing thought control of the American people because the American people don't share the ideals of "big business" and don't give a damn about control of the entire planet and "big business" does.
And who is it that controls govenment?, "BIG BUSINESS". The only free speech left in this government is $$$.
December 20, 2005 7:02 PM | Reply | Permalink
Notrol - You heard somethings I did not hear.
I remember the 'terrabytes of data" as being his description of the amount of data collected by an NSA station in some small amount of time - think it was 2hrs.
Again I understood that the FISAs would be onerous because of the amount of data. Not clearly stated was that each bunch (my word) of information to be surveilled would require a FISA so the total FISAs would be huge. Also it would be onerous since terrorists keep changing instruments, locations etc and he implied that each requires it own FISA.
December 20, 2005 7:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Surely Mclaughlin is not asking us to believe that the intelligence community is too stupid to learn lessons from DEA?
I think it's because someone remembered The Man From UNCLE superspy attache case from their childhood, and they found out it actually works! In 2005! Annnd they have to get 'em all back before anyone finds out.
You know how it is with kids. Stuff just happens. "I don't know," is the reply to the inquiry about the overturned table lamp next to the plastic Light Sabre. In McLaughlin's case it's about laws being broken. Maybe. But even then he was only following best advice and counsel. We cannot escape the fact that extra-constitutional governance still exists in this country- it's nothing new. The better question is, when is it going to stop?
This latest thing exists because more than enough congressional and senate Democrats voted for a host of constitutional sinkholes in their 9/11 panic. Some of them played politics instead of standing for something, reiterating the lies and spicing up The National Mess with their senate floor vote speeches. What I'm hoping for is a gutting of The Patriot Act.
The least these people owe us is a charade.
December 20, 2005 7:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Not clearly stated was that each bunch (my word) of information to be surveilled would require a FISA so the total FISAs would be huge. Also it would be onerous since terrorists keep changing instruments, locations etc and he implied that each requires it own FISA.
Yes, he said that it would require hundreds of FISA warrants which was impractical, according to him. That's my recollection.
December 20, 2005 7:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
Larry, I noticed you brought up the Bolton hearings in reference to all this. Have you heard any media outlets making that connection since this blew open on Friday? I sure haven't.
You'd think that Bolton receiving "summaries of intercepts between foreigners and "U.S. persons" and request(ing) that the spy agency tell him who those Americans were" would be significant to these new revelations as well. If you end up on the air, I hope you can make that point....
December 20, 2005 7:22 PM | Reply | Permalink
As a prosecutor who has worked wires under the federal statute it is very clear to me why the president ignored current law regarding foreign intelligence wires. Every wire tap law requires a showing that who you are tapping is a valid suspect. FISA is a much more relaxed statute than the criminal wire tap law, but it requires some showing regarding who you are tapping and why and a plan to minimize the intrusion. If, as the President and his advisors have said, the people tapped were linked to terrorism the warrant process would have been a relatively easy paper work exercise. However if these wires were hunch type taps, i.e. tap the phone of such and such mosque and see if they are involved, then you can't get a warrant. If you get information from a non authorized tap that information is inadmissible in court and any evidence derivative of it is also inadmissible. So how have these taps protected the public? No court case has arisen out of them thats for sure. I think what the claim is is that the American citizens (if any) found to be dirty on these wires were delt with by executive action (something outside the current legal system). And the foreign terrorists discovered--- well they must just be dead, I guess. This procedure is clearly the end of the 4th amendment in these circumstances for as long as the "war" goes on.
December 20, 2005 7:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
Larry,
This is not about call set up/email linkages for domestic use imo. That could be easily dealt with in existing FISA statute. The analogy to the phone dump by the cartels is missing the point.
We are not dealing with point to point communications here imo. What is involved is I suspect that the USSS (US SIGINT Service) which includes, but is not limited to NSA (and includes CIA), in whole or in part, deploying predictive vectoring and behavorial modelling.
So the soft triggers that Hayden speaks of may not mean just point to point linkage monitoring but actual leap frogging along vectors quickly unrelated to an initial target set (and not even linearly connected to them).
This would be beyond relational databases. Think of the predictive PhD created mathematical models of the hedge funds on super steroids. TIA plus. Or the B-1B after the B1. (With all that that implies, btw).
If this is so, McLaughlin's defending the CIA's participation in this activity is understandable. He has every reason to obfuscate and pull a rhetorical version of his "magic tricks". Complicity does that.
I have more on this at http://stiftungleostrauss.com/bunker.php.
And as I say there, the extra-legal nature of this activity makes John Poindexter's involvement all the more appropriate in historical irony terms.
Best,
Leo
P.S. Why you expect more from McLaughlin remains a mystery to me, btw. But that is for another thread perhaps.
December 20, 2005 7:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
Look, the chimp is mentally unstable. He..is.insane. He needs to be impeached before he invades another country.
December 20, 2005 7:49 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'll check the transcript and get back.
December 20, 2005 8:28 PM | Reply | Permalink
I would be interested in comments about how this fits in the mix. Was it necessary? Was it ever implemented?
http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/eo/eo-12949.htm
December 20, 2005 8:36 PM | Reply | Permalink
Leo Strauss' #21 is a worthwhile bet since some new cyber stuff is certainly going on.
However, my money is on Bob Gorham #20 and they are fishing. This from reading the FISA court's response to the AG memo of March 6, 2002, in which Justice claimed the Act could now "be used primarily for a law enforcement purpose, so long as a significant foreign intelligence purpose remains."
The court rejects, on statutory grounds, altering the process. Looks like the the start of it.
Doc at:
http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fisa/fisc051702.html
December 20, 2005 9:04 PM | Reply | Permalink
Well, here's the rub.
Today's NYT piece by Risen suggests that the program may be more orthodox in methodology and implementation and less exotic than I expected. In which case, Larry, I owe you a possible retraction. The DEA hot ditch analogy would indeed be a relevant comparison.
And as a good Straussian, naturally, I even gave Risen's piece an exoteric close read to determine if he was saying more by subtext. If so, it eluded me at this late hour. Not the first time that happened, of course.
If the program was relatively orthodox even while stretching existing legal authority past the breaking point, why didn't they just seek to implement it within a revised/tweaked FISA framework? All the elaborate 30 waivers? Hyper-stylized 1980 Act Double Secret Probation notification process with HPSCI and SSCI? And truncated FISA Court?
Why be extra-legal about it?
It is too complex and long to get into here, but the NSA has always been able to and has picked up US communications if "incidental" and even been able to utilitze them after sanitizing them. So if Risen is describing things accurately in this piece, what was undertaken was not conceptually too far afield from existing NSA practice even if currently illegal.
Curioser and curioser. All the more reason to understand what USSID 18 as amended/superseded says now.
December 20, 2005 10:57 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thank you, Dee Dee! Yes, it's an EMERGENCY!!!!
And in addition to contacting each of our representatives, which I did first thing Monday morning, join the movement to place little "IMPEACH" signs all over the place. Be creative. It's a small thing, yes, but at least you feel you are doing something to spread the word to your fellow citizens.
December 20, 2005 11:00 PM | Reply | Permalink
The purpose of Bush's warrantless NSA spying was political, just like Nixon's 'enemies list' and J. Edgar Hoover's blackmail files. The reason Bush did not go through FISA was because even a FISA court would not issue a warrant for the people Bush wanted spied on. Say, for example, Senator Kennedy, Rep. Murtha, Wilson, Clarke or O'Neill.
The 911 Commission's recent follow-up report gave Bush all Ds and Fs for those things that matter in combating terrorism. Bush isn't interested in protecting Americans from terrorism, or natural disasters, for that matter. A well-timed terrorist attack in Democratic California say, during the 2006 election campaign, would do wonders for Bush's approval ratings and the chances of the Republican office-seekers.
December 20, 2005 11:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yesss!! The Bolton story/issue casts doubt on their claims to have all these internal checks built in their system. If someone like Bolton can get acces to this stuff thn there sure as hell aren't enough of them. The just trust us crap is OUT OF CONTROL and needs to stop.
December 20, 2005 11:21 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thank you! Well informed and well written post as usual.
I heard McLaughlin on the News Hour in the typical ``balanced format'' with Gwen Ifil doing the moderation. Two things struck me: one, what a ridiculous argument he made about damage being done by the revelations (is he hoping to be asked back to the CIA?), and two, was Ifil's earpiece linked directly to her buddy Condi? Instead of asking McLaughlin ``isn't this a flat out violation of the law'' she says ``what is missing in FISA that the President is attempting to address with this program?'' There was more than one such question. Remembering her work on the VP debate and now this, I come away thinking `what a hack!'
December 20, 2005 11:35 PM | Reply | Permalink
Which is the right office in Washington where I can apply for a letter of marque?
December 21, 2005 3:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
You're right. The purpose of most of this warrantless surveillance -- and it goes back to before 9/11 -- isn't prosecution. It's all about running networks of informants and double-agents in and out of the U.S., and watching where this leads. This is why known al-Qaeda members were allowed to freely travel in and around the US in 2000 and 2001, and no FISA warrants were sought for them. Yes, they were being watched, but not with warranted electronic surveillance. That would have violated operational security, and "complicated" things, immensely.
In fact, the reason why the 9/11 operation succeeded was that the hijackers were part of a joint CIA/DIA/NSA counter-terrorism operation that was extra-legal in its methods. For some reason that has yet to be explained, the attack cell members fell through the cracks, and Bush refused to roll up the al-Qaeda cells known to be operating inside the U.S. during the summer of 2001. http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0310/S00257.htm
It now looks like President Bush tried to retroactively "legalize" a policy of warrantless surveillance that had been in place for some time before 9/11. Unfortunately, the failure to seek warrants to track the al-Qaeda cell members inside the U.S. made the attacks considerably easier for the hijackers to carry out.
Here's why. If warrants had been sought in January 2000 for Flt. 77 hijackers Khalid al-Midhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi, and they had been placed under proper, legal surveillance when they landed at LAX on 1/15/00, they would have been easily arrested earlier in the summer of 2001, and the Pentagon -- at least -- would have been spared.
I still want to know why the consensual monitoring with the Saudis broke down that summer, and what Tenet was thinking after the July CIA-FBI meetings in New York at which the Agency refused to hand over "operational" al-Qaeda information to the Bureau's National Security office.
Furthermore, if I were on the staff of the Joint Chiefs or connected with forces and facilities protection at the Pentagon, I would want the heads of the heads of the intelligence services on platters. What the hell were the CENTCOM commanders thinking when they allowed Able Danger -- which linked Atta with the others -- to be closed down? Who really gave that order scrubbing the NSA/DIA al-Qaeda files, and why? I'm sure that the answer to these questions strikes near the root of the warrantless wiretapping scandal that's now emerging.
Why Sulzberger and Keller agreed to sit on the story about Bush's warrantless domestic wiretaps for a year at the NYT is beyond me. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/...
I suspect release of this story might have made a whole world of difference last November. But, coming when it does at the heels of the other catastrophes of the last 12 months, this may indeed be the last straw for Bush.
3,000 people died on 9/11, and it set off a "war" that led to the deaths of hundreds of thousands more.
December 21, 2005 5:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
Whatever you post at websites and boards (such as TPM) is "open source" material, and as such does not require a warrant to be intercepted, stored, and turned into finished intelligence.
If you are a US person, however, your e-mail and phone calls are supposed to be private, and a US Government agency would require a Title III criminal warrant to retain it or use it in any way. If you are a foreign person inside the US, the agency would have to obtain a FISA warrant, which is easier to get. No warrants are required to intercept the communications of non-US persons outside the country.
That's the way it was supposed to work, anyway.
December 21, 2005 6:09 AM | Reply | Permalink
leveymg - Appreciate the facts.
On the open source material what are the rules about:
--tracing who/where located (in physical and electronic world) added the material to a web site
--tracing who/where viewed that web material.
Given that i've read that terrorist types using the web sites to communicate I wonder what rules apply.
December 21, 2005 6:22 AM | Reply | Permalink
I am not aware that there's a legal distinction made between recording the material that appears on open source sites and tracing that back to its point of origin.
While US persons still enjoy greater legal protections under FISA, the Patriot Act in effect eliminated much of the distinction. Here are some specifics about that:
http://www.slate.com/id/2088106/
Section 218 amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, a "bargain" struck in 1978 wherein the usual requirements for a police search—probable cause to believe a criminal act had occurred and a warrant—would be unnecessary in a teeny, tiny number of cases. That teeny, tiny number of cases just expanded dramatically.
What it does: Secret searches can now be authorized by a secret court without public knowledge or Department of Justice accountability, so long as the government can allege there is any foreign intelligence basis for the search.
Continue Article <img src="http://img.slate.com/images/msn9/down-caret.gif" border="0"><hr><hr>
The law before and how it changed: In 1978 the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act created an exception to the Fourth Amendment's "probable cause requirement" for physical searches, wiretaps, and subpoenas of business records. FISA created a secret court that granted search warrants so long as a pleading before a closed court asserted that the "primary purpose" of the search or wire tap was to gather foreign intelligence. The warrant needn't be based on a suspicion of criminal behavior. But the target had to be "linked to foreign espionage." In theory, American citizens were safe unless they were suspected "agents of a foreign power." A good indicator of the objectivity of the FISA court: It rejected only five of the 14,000 warrant applications it received before 2001, although it recently became clear that many of those warrants were based on false allegations. The FISA court is not supposed to second-guess the government. These are not adversarial proceedings. Nor does the FISA court maintain ongoing oversight over the surveillance. Patriot amends FISA to allow searches when "a significant purpose" is intelligence-gathering. Not "primary," but significant. Now you can be subject to secret searches authorized by a secret court so long as there is any foreign intelligence component (and increasingly, drug-related offenses are deemed to have a terrorist component). Moreover, the party to be searched need not be connected to foreign espionage anymore. It's enough that the government may merely learn something about a terror investigation. Section 207 of the act lengthens the durations of FISA warrants to as long as 120 days in some cases. Finally, under the pre-Patriot FISA and Title III, fruits of FISA search warrants could be used only for information-gathering, not for prosecution. But now intelligence information obtained using FISA's lower standards for probable cause can be passed along for prosecution purposes.
How it's been implemented: Since Patriot expanded the small number of cases in which a FISA court might authorize a search warrant, the number of warrants issued has, unsurprisingly, risen slightly. The FISA court approved 1,228 applications for warrants in 2002, up from 934 in 2001 and 1,012 in 2000. (The number of warrants issued was consistently below 1,000 throughout the '90s.) When asked by the House Judiciary Committee in 2002 how many of these warrants met the "significant purpose" standard but would have failed to meet the "primary purpose" standard, the DOJ hedged, saying they'd kept no statistics on the distinction.
But the DOJ consistently argues that the principal impact of Section 218 lies not in the expanded applicability of the warrants, but in the way it has facilitated intelligence sharing. As the DOJ paints it, the pre-Patriot era was an icy one; criminal prosecutors and intelligence experts toiled away, rarely communicating with one another. There were protocols for sharing some information, but for the most part, "the metaphorical 'wall' between the intelligence community and federal law enforcement often precluded effective and indeed vital information sharing, perversely creating higher barriers in the most serious cases," as the DOJ told the House Judiciary Committee in May. Making no mention of the possible benefits of this divide—such as prohibiting prosecutors from building their case on warrantless searches—the DOJ crowed in the May report that Sections 218 and 504(a) brought this "artificial dichotomy" to an end, citing the February indictment of Sami Al-Arian—the University of South Florida professor alleged to be a leader of a Palestinian Islamic Jihad cell—as a prime example of what can be achieved when intelligence types and law enforcement officials log a few hours on a ropes course and really start working together. The allegations in the Al-Arian indictment were based on information collected pursuant to FISA but before the passage of Patriot. In those days, FISA protocols allowed for some information sharing. But criminal prosecutors and investigators were denied "full access to information obtained through FISA," according to the DOJ, and criminal and intelligence personnel were prevented "from coordinating their parallel investigations." Post-Patriot, once the wall was down, the Tampa prosecutors accessed information "which existed in the FBI's intelligence—but not criminal—files" and used it "to document the decade-long conspiracy that is alleged."
Eager to find similar prosecutorial applications for information gleaned in terrorism and intelligence investigations, Attorney General John Ashcroft asked U.S. Attorneys after Sept. 11 to review almost 4,500 intelligence files, and the DOJ reported to the House Judiciary Committee in May that "evidence or information from this review has been incorporated in numerous cases." Again, this allows prosecutors free range over materials obtained without a traditional warrant.
Would you know if Section 218 had been used on you? Only if you were later prosecuted using information gathered pursuant to a FISA warrant. Then you'd have the opportunity to try to suppress that evidence in a regular court proceeding.
December 21, 2005 6:38 AM | Reply | Permalink
This very interesting. USSID 18, which is the actual directive to the US SIGINT Services (as superseded 2001), including, but not limited to NSA, already states that: