Unlimited Government
This Michael Ledeen post advocating a big leak investigation as a kind of f-you to liberals, the press, and Joe Wilson as the appropriate response to revelations about the illegal wiretap scheme reconfirms (after the secret Polish torture prisons report) the extent to which the right really doesn't grasp what's going on here. Some leaks are initiated to try and curtail untrammeled executive power, while others are themselves examples of an executive putting itself above the law and asserting untrammeled power. And make no mistake -- that's what's going on here. Whatever the policy argument for warrantless wiretaps may be, the legal justification cited for launching them in a manner contrary to standing law completely undercuts our entire system of government. At today's press conference, someone named "Baker" asked an excellent question:
Thank you, Mr. President. I wonder if you can tell us today, sir, what, if any, limits you believe there are or should be on the powers of a President during a war, at wartime? And if the global war on terror is going to last for decades, as has been forecast, does that mean that we're going to see, therefore, a more or less permanent expansion of the unchecked power of the executive in American society?
As the President correctly responded, "to say 'unchecked power' basically is ascribing some kind of dictatorial position to the President." He also correctly said that this something he "strongly reject[s]." But during the very same answer he confirmed that he does, in fact, view his power in this matter as unchecked:
Hold on a second, please. There is the check of people being sworn to uphold the law, for starters. There is oversight. We're talking to Congress all the time, and on this program, to suggest there's unchecked power is not listening to what I'm telling you. I'm telling you, we have briefed the United States Congress on this program a dozen times.
Briefing members of congress is nice. Word from congressional Democrats is that, in fact, very few were briefed, these briefings were incomplete and after-the-fact, and conducted in such a manner as to prevent the recipients of the information from saying anything about them even to colleagues. But more to the point, ex post facto briefings aren't a check on Presidential power. Nor is the Presidential oath a check if the sole judge of whether or not the oath is being upheld is the President himself. The White House's explanation of why they should be allowed to override FISA is based on a plainly unreasonable reading of the Authorization of the Use of Military Force resolution. Whatever standard of interpretation reads that as repealing FISA or creating some special exemption to it would allow you to construe the resolution as authorizing pretty much anything. What's more, the President has not only asserted an implausible reading of the resolution, but arrogated to himself sole responsibility for judging what the resolution does or does not allow. And, as Baker noted, all this comes in the context of a "new kind of war" that the White House says will last "decades."
Under the circumstances, I think congress has no choice but to repeal the use of force resolution and replace it with something much narrower. People are throwing the word "impeachment" around, but that's simply not realistic given the supermajorty requirements, etc. But amending the resolution should be possible. Needing to take a step like that would be unfortunate. There's good reason to want to give the President broad discretion in the conduct of military policy, which is precisely why these resolutions tend to be short and non-specific. But that's always been based on the tacit understanding that Presidents aren't going to construe that authority in crazy ways. This one is clearly determined to do so, so congress needs to put real limits in place.
Meanwhile, the same conservatives who think all this is no big deal seem to regard the EPA as an intolerable sign of creeping totalitarianism.


Ahhh...fun with the English language.
There is oversight. We're talking to Congress all the time, and on this program, to suggest there's unchecked power is not listening to what I'm telling you.
There is no meaningful oversight. And when the Congress wants to engage in oversight they get to hear...
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And Bush saying that the questioner was not listening to what the President was "telling him" sends the reinforcing message that we should not question. He is telling us how it is and we shouldn't question him. Mr. President that is not the way democracy works...especially when being questioned on why our 4th amendment rights have been suspended...
December 19, 2005 2:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
People are throwing the word "impeachment" around, but that's simply not realistic given the supermajorty requirements, etc.
Matthew, once again you are on the wrong side of an issue. This president has violated the Bill of Rights, has violated the FISA law, and is swearing that he will continue to do both. If we don't impeach him, we might as well amend the Constitution to eliminate the impeachment option. And, minus that option, we have a dictatorship. To make it even worse, if that is possible, this president is nominating to the Supreme Court justices who believe the president has unlimited powers. Screaming that the sky is falling isn't a wrong headed idea when the sky is falling, and it is now.
Apparently you believe that no Republican members of Congress will go along with impeachment - that they are not that patriotic, preferring a Republican dictator to a patriotic president of either party. I am hoping you are wrong.
December 19, 2005 2:50 PM | Reply | Permalink
"If this were a dictatorship, it'd be a heck of a lot easier, just so long as I'm the dictator."
-W
December 19, 2005 2:58 PM | Reply | Permalink
Are we watching the demolition of the constitution in slow motion or fast motion?
Will we do anything more than just analyze what we're watching?
December 19, 2005 3:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thanks, Matt. I think you're right that impeachment isn't in the realm of possibility at this stage - to the degree that there are other ways that Congress might force its way into a meaningful oversight role, I don't see us doing much better in the short term. I don't know what the chances are for a new resolution, either, but with Specter planning to hold hearings, and the issue becoming germane to the Alito hearings, hopefully things will continue to play out in the direction of some real checks and balances again.
December 19, 2005 3:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
Under the circumstances, I think congress has no choice but to repeal the use of force resolution and replace it with something much narrower. People are throwing the word "impeachment" around, but that's simply not realistic given the supermajorty requirements, etc. But amending the resolution should be possible
The point here that is wise is to avoid wishful thinking taking priority over realistic politics. Sure, I'd love to see W Bush impeached and locked up, but, as Yglesias says, it's not gonna happen, even if (in the unlikely event) Democrats fight to win in 2006 and retake both Houses of Congress instead of "blowing it".
Now, the first thing Democrats at the grassroots/astroturf roots need to do is to pressure the Democrats to really fight to win.
Mehno, at Huffington Post (I'll append the URL in a follow-up post) has shown an example of the Democrats' failure to go for a vulnerable seat with a winnable candidate in NY State. There are other signs of the Democrats, as they did in 2000 and 2004, 'getting with the program and justifying the lying' even while putting up a show of being more than a craven pseudo-opposition.
But bracketing the above concern as a caveat, the notion of a resolution narrowing Bush's authorization to use force would be a good and, in the sense I describe below, politically realistic approach. First, not only impeachment but also this resolution has a snowball's chance of passing in a House where over 40 Democrats joined with a Repuglican phalanx with fewer defections to approve a really awful version of the reupping of the Patriot Act. Rather, Democrats fighting to win would put this resolution that Matt proposes forward for a vote in both Houses and observe who votes which way when it is voted down. Then,
they would make it a part of the national platform of the Democratic Party in 2006, and campaign on it in all the swing districts. It might not only gain votes, but the Democrats would have a concrete program item of significance for a Democratic Congress, joining raising the minimum wage (which would be defeated) and others. I am not sure whether the president would have the power to veto this alteration in the 'use of force' authorization, thus requiring the two-thirds supermajority.
The notion of the RW caring nothing about gross invasions of civil liberties and statism, while whining about the EPA, is nothing new. It is like their selective application of "states rights" (but not to Reagan's threatening a cutoff of highway funds as a way of armtwisting Alaska to give up its legalization of up to two oz of marijuana, or more recent controversies over medical marijuana and gay marriage, or state/local affirmative action policies, or the State of Va having its ban on strip mining overturned by the courts on the grounds of the interstate commerce clause, etc etc) and of "judicial activism" (the RW of the court more likely to strike down Congressional laws as unConstitutional, even from a Repuglican Congress!, and their happy deployment of the 11th Amendment doctrine of Hans v Louisiana) -- just a talking point that sounds so much better than 'more guns and less butter'.
December 19, 2005 3:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Question - I know you need a supermajority in the Senate to convict. but I believe you only need a majority to impeach (which means to accuse, not convict) in the House? Am I right?
December 19, 2005 3:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
Apparently you believe that no Republican members of Congress will go along with impeachment - that they are not that patriotic, preferring a Republican dictator to a patriotic president of either party. I am hoping you are wrong.
Well, you can hope that, but in all likelihood you'll be disappointed regardless. GOP lawmakers are perfectly aware of how long their respective leashes are (some, like McCain's, are pretty long because he helps the GOP brand more than he ever hurts its crappy policies) when it comes to giving their own constituents and/or 2008 presidential primary voters the impression that they're honest brokers... but they know that going so far as impeachment will mean that they will have bitter primaries for reelection, funding will dry up, and the unofficial perks of their offices will disappear. All Dems have to worry about is what level of viciousness they will inevitably endure for daring to cross the Bushies; Republicans have much, much more to lose. It's like the old saying about not missing if one would assassinate a king (yes, I know this was on The Wire, but there's an older version of it as well).
So I guess what I'm saying is that no, they're not that patriotic. Neither are the Dems, for the most part, because there's almost no foundation of principle left upon which we can stand. The GOP knows this much better than we do-- and they've basically jackhammered the remains-- which is why they're so much better at realistically calculating risks & benefits of pseudo-courageous political acts. The fact is, we're in trouble.
December 19, 2005 3:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
Just remember the Republicans have decided it is not politically expedient to start the new congressional session until the day of the State of the Union address.
We have seen this happen in banana republics, the legislature is just "suspended" until the executive rearranges things.
You can't have impeachment hearings if there is no house in session. Image how much mischief there will be going on over the next month or so.
December 19, 2005 3:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
But more to the point, ex post facto briefings aren't a check on Presidential power.
HUH?????
How are they not? I mean, how is an ex post facto briefing somehow less of a check than, say, a ex post facto court case?
BTW, this line of Bush's was awesome: "to suggest there's unchecked power is not listening to what I'm telling you". The only thing better would be if Bush had broken out Chris Tucker's line from Rush Hour in reply to Baker: "Do you speaka any English? DO-YOU-UNDERSTAND-THE-WORDS-THAT-ARE-COMING-OUT-OF-MY-MOUTH?"
;
December 19, 2005 3:43 PM | Reply | Permalink
The Conservative Threat Level (CTL) is currently Orange/Elevated: Church and State to Merge.
December 19, 2005 3:54 PM | Reply | Permalink
"Under the circumstances, I think congress has no choice but to repeal the use of force resolution and replace it with something much narrower."
In one sense, it doesn't matter how much you narrow the resolution. The administration unreasonably claims the Constitution alone gives him authority to be above the law in the area of national security.
But in another sense, narrowing the use of force resolution would amount to a relatively important Congressional censure of administration behavior.
December 19, 2005 4:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
But amending the resolution should be possible. Needing to take a step like that would be unfortunate. There's good reason to want to give the President broad discretion in the conduct of military policy, which is precisely why these resolutions tend to be short and non-specific. But that's always been based on the tacit understanding that Presidents aren't going to construe that authority in crazy ways. This one is clearly determined to do so, so congress needs to put real limits in place.
Isn't the core problem Bush's interpretation of the "inherent" auhtoirty as "commander-in-chief" granted by the Constitution? Its not as if the Bushies hid behind statutory auhtoirty when arguing their extreme positions in Hamdi, Padilla and every other immigration/national security case since 2001.
Modifying the post 9/11 authorization statute would be a symbolic victory, but the only real check on this type of power grab by the executive branch is an indepedendent judiciary. So far, the Supreme Court has clipped the Bush administration's wings in a number of cases. I think that Democrats have got to make this the pivotal issue when Alito's hearings begin next year.
As a matter of politics, the Democrats should keep these issues alive in Congress. Americans recoil at unchecked concentration of power and the theme of a GOP Congress unwilling to stand up to Bush will resonate in the fall.
December 19, 2005 4:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
Thank you, HoppyCalifornia, for clarifying this.
Yes, if we do nothing, there will be nothing we can do. To say we can do nothing is to say we are already at the point where a dictatorship is a fait accompli.
Congress, by doing nothing, is a party to the dictatorship!
December 19, 2005 4:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
You know, I'm not terribly fond of the President's view that he's above the law, but I still think your nuanced position on which illegal leaks should be prosecuted, and which should be ignored, seems to boil down to, "Crimes that advance the Democratic party's agenda are ok." special pleading.
December 19, 2005 4:33 PM | Reply | Permalink
Yeah, as someone already said, we need to be clear about this: the President's position appears to be that even if Congress explicitly forbade this program, he would still have the authority to do it under Article II. At least that's how I read his statements and this memo from the Office of Legal Counsel ("[No] statute, however, can place any limits on the President's determinations as to any terrorist threat, the amount of military force to be used in response, or the method, timing, and nature of the response.") (written, of course, by enabler-general John Yoo).
Whether he would actually reauthorize this program if Congress tried to shut it down is another matter, of course, and he might well decide not to as a political matter.
December 19, 2005 4:39 PM | Reply | Permalink
Sadly, most Congressional Democrats are incapable of looking beyond their own precious selves and wouldn't recognize a principle of it hit them over the head. I was just listening to Feinstein tell us how this shows the danger of one party controlling Congress. No, Diane, this isn't about whether you get to chair a committee, it's about the civil liberties of the American people and whether or not we'll leave our children with a democracy or a military junta.
December 19, 2005 4:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
We only have rights at the discretion of the Administration. Why is that a problem? I'm sure they wouldn't abuse the power.
December 19, 2005 4:46 PM | Reply | Permalink
IMHO, the best strategy is to pound the GOP hard on corruption issues and win back the Congress in '06, and THEN get serious about impeachment.
However, there is probably some value in continuing to utter the "I" word relentlessly, just to bring the concept into the realm of the possible.
December 19, 2005 4:48 PM | Reply | Permalink
Under the circumstances, I think congress has no choice but to repeal the use of force resolution and replace it with something much narrower.
But given that the administration is relying on a "plainly unreasonable reading" of the force resolution, what good would changing the resolution do? What is Congress supposed to do, add a proviso that "You're only allowed to construe this as meaning what it actually says, and nothing more. We really mean it this time!"
And just thinking strategically, I imagine the spin on changing the resolution would be: "Congress is fixing the flawed force resolution that gave the president authority to spy on Americans without FISA approval." Changing the resolution only reinforces the notion that the president's plainly nonsensical "reading" of the resolution has merit.
I agree that it's important to be "realistic" -- but the reality, it seems to me, is that it's not the resolution that needs fixing; it's the administration's disregard for the law.
December 19, 2005 5:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
Under the circumstances, I think congress has no choice but to repeal the use of force resolution and replace it with something much narrower. People are throwing the word "impeachment" around, but that's simply not realistic given the supermajorty requirements, etc. But amending the resolution should be possible.
To follow up on some points that others have made, under Yoo's reasoning why couldn't the administration just respond to this by saying that the executive's inherent authority under the commander-in-chief clause overrides the repeal of the force resolution? Yes, that would be absurd, but all of the administration's legal rationales have been absurd. You are talking about a group of people who are not operating in good faith in any way whatsoever. They have power, and they will do whatever it takes to expand that power no matter what. If all that's available to them is a bad legal rationale, they'll rely on the bad rationale. If there is no legal rationale for them to rely on, then they'll just act without any rationale at all. The law simply doesn't matter.
December 19, 2005 5:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Give the administration credit, they are great at 'gaming the system'. 'Total victory' is just around the corner.
December 19, 2005 5:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
"Crimes that advance the Democratic party's agenda are ok."
No, it's more like, "Leaking is bad, whistleblowing is good."
December 19, 2005 5:17 PM | Reply | Permalink
"(yes, I know this was on The Wire, but there's an older version of it as well)"
The expression you are looking for is "If you say you are going to take Vienna, take Vienna" and I believe it's from napoleon.
I think there's another version that's about The King, but I forget what it is...
December 19, 2005 5:25 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think it's fascinating to note that despite complaining bitterly that the leakers of this story have broken the law and endangered national security, the administration has made no move whatsoever to seek an investigation of any sort. Bush officials clearly fear - and justifiably so - that any such criminal investigation would quickly turn on them and make them the target of the probe rather than the victims.
December 19, 2005 6:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
<i> the right really doesn't grasp what's going on here</i>
This is exactly what they have been striving for since before 1972.
Read <i>All the President's Men.</i> Read <i>The Final Days.</i> Buchanan was telling Nixon to just <u>burn</u> the tapes and tell the prosecutors, the Senate, and the SCOTUS to go to hell, that he didn't answer to anyone, he was the President.
Which in their minds, is equal to Proconsul, or Tribune, or even Imperator.
Now they don't even feel they have to pretend to obey and respect the laws of the land.
Only time will show if they've made the right call.
December 19, 2005 6:26 PM | Reply | Permalink
He is telling us how it is and we shouldn't question him. Mr. President that is not the way democracy works . . . . Libertine
Actually, that is how one form of democracy works -- plebiscitory democracy and it's how the France of de Gaulle worked during the Algerian War and the Almost Revolution of May '68 and how George "We had an Election" Bush believes it should work.
Ever since the establishment of the national security state, we've been headed in this direction. Have we arrived?
December 19, 2005 6:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think that you're right that ultimately only the judiciary can rein this stuff in, and that it isn't really about the resolution, but about the interpretation of executive authority. I don't read them as saying that the authorization on 9/14/01 is the source of their authority - in many cases, I think they think the can do this because these are all simply issues that fall within the executive mandate, and aren't issues where oversight from other branches is appropriate.
While a resolution like MY proposes, then, would be largely symbolic, some symbols can have concrete effects. I think that moves by Congress to check the executive power grab and assert their oversight role would be a blow to the White House, because it would have reverberations with the public. A move like this would be something like a vote of no confidence, and I think that people would sit up and take notice. Crucially, I think the courts would sit up and take notice. And that might mean more trouble for the Administration earlier in the process - they've had some successes at the appelate level, even when it seems clear that the SCOTUS will ultimately knock them down. And, as the Padilla case illustrates, they play that game cleverly. If the legislative branch ratchets up the pressure, though, I could see their games getting shut down from the district court level all the way up.
December 19, 2005 7:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
a congressional briefing is less of a check than a court hearing because the person being briefed, lets call him "Rockefeller", can do nothing with his knowledge either to inform his colleagues or even seek advice from his staff.
On the other hand, a federal judge, like an English chancellor of yore, has equity power. He can enjoin an activity and if he is ignored, the person holding him contempt can be thrown in jail for up to 6 months without even a jury trial.
For obvious constitutional reasons, the president isn't going to be hauled in, but military officers or even cabinet officials could face that if they piss off a judge enough.
December 19, 2005 7:56 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think your summation that this is evidence that those on the right "really doesen't grasp what's going on here." is far too charitable. What the response most of the right has taken towards this revelation, one of persecuting the whistleblowers rather than being upset about the information confirms is that for many conservatives, partisanship comes before principle and in addition to the cavalier attitude most on the right have on justice, for all their limited govt. rhetoric, most conservatives are little more than crude authoritarians who don't like paying taxes.
December 19, 2005 7:57 PM | Reply | Permalink
Bush would not have us regard him a king so much as a C.E.O. He has said this from the very beginning. Bush would not be the first C.E.O. to run his charge aground. But he might be the first to do so to our great democracy. I think the fundamental mistake pundits make is trying to divine what is meant by langauge, that when read on its face, is as clear as can be. This President will do whatever it takes to win the war on whatever as he sees it.
We have yet to learn they mean it when say "all options are on the table" (always!)
I think the Administration is perturbed only to the extent that we all act so surprised.
December 19, 2005 8:09 PM | Reply | Permalink
Impeachment definitely won't be a possibility if the Democrats don't even try.
If the Democrats say the i-word enough, however, it may start to seem a heck of a lot more realistic. I guess Matt hasn't noticed, but the Republicans do this all the time. Repeat stuff (no matter how off the wall) till people believe it. It actually works.
But saying impeachment is impossible--as Matt is doing--only ensures that it remains impossible.
December 19, 2005 8:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
. . .As can be seen in that most commentators on the left have focused on the content of the leaked information, rather than the leakage itself. I'll go a step further: I'd be perfectly happy with the Justice Department tracking down whoever leaked this information, as long as the result is an open trial in which the whistleblower can tell his side of the story. The whole point is sunlight and transparency. Presumably the whistleblower in this case has a very reasonable defense, that he was being asked to carry out actions that were clearly illegal.
December 19, 2005 8:47 PM | Reply | Permalink
It would have been an excellent question if he hadn't used the word "unchecked," which was foolishly argumentative, inviting Bush to disagree and thereby allowing him to avoid answering the question, which was otherwise well phrased in a neutral way. You only get one shot in these situations and you've got to get it right. (The reporters should do murder boards before press conferences.) Of course there was no follow-up asking, how are checks really checks if they're all self-imposed and subject to your interpretation?
December 19, 2005 9:32 PM | Reply | Permalink
We are dealing with a crisis so profound that its progenitors are the overthrow of the Roman Republic by Julius Caesar, the overthrow of the French Assembly by Napoleon on the Tenth of Thermidor, and the overthrow of the last of German constitutional government by Hitler after The Night of the Long Knives.
I thought I had lived through the greatest American constiuttional crisis since the Civil War with Nixon 30 years ago, but I truly believe what we face now is the greatest crisis of republican government we have faced in the entire history of the country. Even more than the treason of the Confederacy, whose children masquerade as Republicans nowadays as they foment their 140 year old treason.
They masquerade as "the old cause" that too many Americans now believe from 140 years of Confederate propaganda, starting with that great traitor D.W. Grifiith, and including the fascist bullshit of "Gone With The Wind."
These people are fascist/racist revolutionaries. They are the "Southernist" party founded by Barbadian pirates in 1714 after they wre run out of the Carribean, whose racist view of America created the criminal side of American history ("Manifest Destiny") . They are dedicated to overthrowing 214 years of American republican history.
They are The Enemy.
December 20, 2005 12:57 AM | Reply | Permalink
Yes, it is the demolition of the Constitution. But the key point is that it's a Republican finishing a job that Democrats have spent the better part of a century doing the hard work on. So I suppose you DO have some cause for frustration... You do all the planting, and somebody else gets to reap the harvest.
Let's face it, if you hadn't put so much work into establishing the principle that the Constitution doesn't mean what it *says*, and that it delivers to the government powers it doesn't list, or even explicitly denies, a President who made such claims about his power would be instantly recognized for a tyrant. But you've laid the groundwork for any usurpation of power to be accepted by the public, and the courts, too.
December 20, 2005 3:37 AM | Reply | Permalink
Re: Of course there was no follow-up asking, how are checks really checks if they're all self-imposed and subject to your interpretation?-------
Excellent observation about follow-up asking. It takes real skill to formulate and courage to pose timely bunker buster type series of questions which make it difficult to respond with evasive answers.
December 20, 2005 6:12 AM | Reply | Permalink
You can rest assured heads will roll at the NYT after leaking this story. Don't be surprised if they roll in a literal sense. And, to be honest, rightly so.
December 20, 2005 6:34 AM | Reply | Permalink