The McCain Mirage
I'd like to go on record as agreeing with Brendan Nyhan about John McCain -- his apparent strength as a general election candidate for president is, I think, largely an illusion. Under the current circumstances, it's very much in the interests of the Democratic Party and many liberal institutions to play up their points of agreement with the Senator. It's also in the interests of the White House to try and stay more-or-less on his good side. And McCain has always been adored by the press. As a result, he's very popular: People only hear good things about him.
A real campaign would look very different. He's more honest than the conventional Republican, but basically has the same worldview. The distaste for mumbo-jumbo and petty corruption that gets him good press might well prove crippling in an election -- the Republican establishment doesn't go in for mumbo-jumbo and petty corruption just for fun, they do it because they have a basically unpopular agenda and they need copious amounts of campaign money and spin to disguise that fact. McCain has also pulled off the neat trick of alienating cultural conservative leaders without making any substantive concessions to cultural liberals. I know his polling looks good now, but I think if he somehow manages to get the nomination he'll fare much worse than people expect. On the other hand, my track record of political prognostication is pretty bad.


I wouldn't vote for McCain because of his policies and voting record, but I think you underestimate his appeal. He speaks and acts like a leader, has shown more independence than most politicians, and projects more integrity than most. Those characteristics could carry him far, particularly with independents who swing elections.
November 23, 2005 12:56 PM | Reply | Permalink
I am more and more warming to the theory that there are three reasons Bob Dole lost the 1996 election so badly. One was the shutdown that he got tagged with. The other was that the economy was going gangbusters. But the third was that he failed to excite cultural conservatives enough. He went in front of a big audience of Catholics in Pennsylvania and told them that they should start thinking about moderating on abortion. He got booed. This made it onto the Big Three. Clinton held the center on school prayer and signed DOMA. So there wasn't much for him to work with.
Bush, on the other hand, got the Rolling Stone to write articles about how Gore sounded pro-life while Bush sounded pro-choice, despite his rabid following among pro-life groups.
McCain, it seems to me, would suffer from a similar problem. An effective Democratic campaign could get the defecting Democrats and independents to re-think their favorable impressions, while hardcore Republicans would be upset at his candidacy.
November 23, 2005 1:13 PM | Reply | Permalink
McCain is a Republican and an anti-choice Republican at that. His appeal seems to be that he takes positions that are actually based on his beliefs and not political expediency. I agree with Purple State that Matt is underestimating McCain's potential appeal in a general election.
However, McCain is suffering from presidentialitis. He wants the job too badly now. The result is that in order to get the Republican nomination, which I think he has no chace of, he is trimming and overly supporting Bush. This ironically will undercut the basis of his appeal.
November 23, 2005 1:37 PM | Reply | Permalink
The hard right and the Christian right hate, hate, hate him. Read what some of the Freepers say about him. That makes it hard for him to win the nomination. Besides the man will be 72 year old in 2008 and he's had recurrent melanoma which is a very aggressive cancer that could easily pop up again. Chances are slim that he'll get the nomination and John Kerry's embrace didn't help any.
November 23, 2005 1:41 PM | Reply | Permalink
Who else do the Repugs have? Everyone else has far too many strikes against them. Maybe an unknown gov from Arkansas will ride in and save them...
You vastly underestimate how far media love will go. Ask Gore how far media hate will go.
November 23, 2005 1:45 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think there could be something of a "George Bush" effect. He'd get the narrative from the press that he was the "it" candidate, he'd get elected, and then people would just turn out to be really dissatisfied with what they ended up getting once he was in office. Although he might end up being a little more humble in the face of his own unpopularity than Bush is.
November 23, 2005 1:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
The result is that in order to get the Republican nomination, which I think he has no chace of, he is trimming and overly supporting Bush. This ironically will undercut the basis of his appeal.
This is a good point, too, Daniel. I am a political independent, and while I generally have voted for Democrats in the past few years I do look hard at moderate Republicans (and have voted for them in the past). There was a time when I might have considered McCain, but anytime I hear him spouting Bush administration talking points I get turned back off. And then there's the problem of his voting record, which is too far right for me.
I do, however, admire his tenacity on the torture issue--and have written him often to praise him for that good work.
November 23, 2005 1:55 PM | Reply | Permalink
That being said, McCain will have a long, uphill slog to the GOP nomination. K-Street has not invested billions of dollars in buying the Republican Party simply to have it wrested away from them by a media-savvy boy scout - even a conservative one. The only way I see the big money in GOP circles getting on board with McCain is if the Dems take back both Houses next year and they are literally terrified of a genuine liberal revival in 2008.
Otherwise, from their perspective, McCain is the worst possible option in whatever GOP field emerges. With Frist's troubles and Bush's ratings in free-fall, they are scrambling for an alternative - but once they do, they will pour as much money into that alternative's pockets as possible in an effort to sink McCain. After all, what's the point of having a GOP president if he won't let the oil companies write environmental policy?
November 23, 2005 2:09 PM | Reply | Permalink
I think McCain will get out in front of distancing himself from Bush. This pic:
http://cbaker.org/blog/bush-mccain.jpg
should be plastered everywhere.
November 23, 2005 2:16 PM | Reply | Permalink
When these rate-the-candidate discussions come up, I can never tell what people really think, and what is just spin. Do Nyhan and Matt really think McCain's strength is overrated, or are they just trying to damage him by convincing Republicans that is the case?
Personally, I think if the Republicans manage to nominate McCain, he will be a extremely strong candidate, and Democrats will have a very tough battle on their hands.
There are only two real parties in this country. The Freepers will in the end vote for whomever the Republicans put up; just as lefties like me vote for whomever the Democrats put up.
The press loves McCain because a lot of people love him, and the press gives people what they want. McCain is very skillful in picking high-profile issues with mass-market centrist appeal, and garnering attention for his position.
November 23, 2005 4:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
McCain's chances of winning the Republican nomination depend to a very large degree on what happens over the remainder of the Bush presidency. If the 2006 elections go badly for the GOP and Bush remains highly unpopular, then Republican insiders will want a candidate who already has some public distance from the President. McCain is miles ahead of any other possible nominee in that regard. If, on the other hand, Bush makes even a partial recovery, Republicans will feel far more comfortable choosing a more typical Republican, and McCain's chances will plummet.
If McCain does succeed in winning the nomination, I think his chances of winning the general election are excellent. Matt's post essentially makes the point that McCain (unlike most Republicans) will honestly put forth his agenda, and since that agenda is fundamentally unpopular, his personal popularity will suffer. I think this analysis significantly overestimates the impact of a candidate's agenda or policy platform on his performance at the ballot box. Elections simply are not decided by which candidate's policies are more popular. They are decided on the overall impression voters have of the candidates. Because of this, McCain has an enormous advantage. He is already broadly perceived as moderate, tough, honest and independent. It will be very difficult, perhaps impossible, for Democrats to reverse these perceptions. This is particularly the case, given that the media tends to reinforce this view.
I see two plausible (but not probable) scenarios where McCain loses in a general election.
While I will almost certainly not vote for McCain, I must admit, I don't find the possibility of a McCain presidency all that upsetting. Yes, McCain is conservative. But I can live with an honest, serious conservative. The biggest problem with the Bush administration (in my view) is not its conservatism. It is its recklessness, dishonesty and incompetence. While I would certainly prefer a competent and honest President, who also happens to be a Democrat, I would consider any competent, honest President a major improvement.
November 23, 2005 4:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
best get someone who hasn't spent time in DC for the past 5 years.
November 23, 2005 4:35 PM | Reply | Permalink
These are all very good points about McCain, but nomination is a race against others, and I would encourage commenters to evaluate McCain's chances against specific candidates.
For all his weaknesses, doesn't McCain still seem more likely to pull it off than, say, Romney, Giuliani, Frist, Pataki, Jeb, Condi?
Just wondering.
Of course, both parties have a history of nominating sure losers, like Mondale, Dole, Goldwater, and so perhaps a freakozoidal cold fish like Frist will be the nominee, but if any of you wants to argue why X would win over McCain, please do. I am curious to hear your arguments.
November 23, 2005 4:42 PM | Reply | Permalink
McCain was all for Bush's agenda. If he does run, the press will gush about him and make him bigger than life. He will be very difficult to beat. The Democrats will have to hang Bush around his neck. Make him own Bush's programs. McCain supported the privatization of Social Security, the Bush tax cuts, the Iraq war, all of Bush's nominees, and 95 percent of Bush's initiatives. An occaisional reference to the Keating Five wouldn't hurt.
November 23, 2005 4:44 PM | Reply | Permalink
What does it say about our electorate that it would even consider voting for a Republican after what we have seen in the last five years?
November 23, 2005 4:49 PM | Reply | Permalink
An effective Democratic campaign could get the defecting Democrats and independents to re-think their favorable impressions, while hardcore Republicans would be upset at his candidacy.
I dunno, Electoral Math As an Arizonan I have seen McCain up close and personal for too many years to agree 100% with your assessment. I think I would recast your sentence this way: An effective Democratic candidate could equal McCain's ability to win the swing vote of previously defecting (or simply absent) Democrats as well as independents, while hardcore culturally conservative Republicans would desert a McCain ticket in droves.
Even the likely possibility that he would be saddled with a reactionary vice-presidential candidate would not mollify the hardcore right. They would either opt for a third-party choice or stay at home. In spite of McCain's very real anti-progressive voting record and high standing on the Phyllis Shoofly scale, those people are inevitably turned off by anyone who can speak in complete sentences and gets torched regularly by the likes of Rush Limbaugh. Not to mention he looks a bit like Charlie Chaplin to those old enough to remember.
But all this talk is ultimately premature. It's a long way to 2008, and anything could happen between now and then to make us look foolish in hindsight. I see both 2006 and 2008 as wide open at this point.
November 23, 2005 5:38 PM | Reply | Permalink
As I have been attempting to point out to various star-struck Democrats for the last six years, McCain is merely Orrin Hatch 2.0.
After complaints in the mid-to-late 90's from consumers about Orrin Hatch 1.0, the biography module was replaced, the charisma routines were re-coded from scratch, and, most importantly, the entire press API was re-written.
As for the rest, SOS.
John McCain is Windows for Politics™.
Popular and easy-to-use GUI, laid over old, crap, legacy code.
Or Orrin Hatch is the command-line John McCain.
Your choice.
November 23, 2005 6:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
The Republican primary nomination will not be conducted in a vacuum. As much as the social conservatives are unimpressed by McCain, they will swallow hard and support him if it keeps Hillary Rodham Clinton out of the White House.
If you don't think this will be a major dynamic in the Republican primary and turnout, you're not paying attention.
November 23, 2005 6:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
I quite agree...the wild card is how viable the Hard RIght -BushWing is two years from now....can he pull off an Arnold scam and get the True Believers to swallow their nutty ideology for a win...
I don't think so...neither have the talent...Hagel might
November 23, 2005 6:14 PM | Reply | Permalink
Besides the man will be 72 year old in 2008 and he's had recurrent melanoma which is a very aggressive cancer that could easily pop up again.
I think this is a good point, actually-- admittedly, I don't watch tons of political gabfests, but I've thought McCain looked pretty unwell for quite some time now. He also seems a bit slower to react than he was five years ago, which gives the impression that age is catching up with him.
Regarding his chances... well, his dominance on the torture issue has effectively distracted everyone from the fact that he still supports the Iraq invasion & occupation, but I don't know if that particular shield would hold up through a campaign. He's certainly popular, but his "maverick" label is almost entirely due to his being one of the few holdouts for bipartisanship in the GOP, which says a hell of a lot more about the party than it does about him, really. Personally, I don't think he could survive the primaries, given the flock of seemingly moderate, slickly packages candidates that will surely materialize before then... if he does get the nomination, it will IMO be a last-ditch attempt for the GOP to hold on to power as the party implodes. Not that I'd mind him so much on those terms, but it would still be bad for the country to have to continue to suffer through their internecine warfare.
November 23, 2005 6:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
What does it say about our electorate that it would even consider voting for a Republican after what we have seen in the last five years?
What is left to be said about our electorate after the 2004 election? I can't see how that body can look any worse. Another election like that one and the world will view us as the world's biggest joke. (And, correctly so.)
November 23, 2005 6:31 PM | Reply | Permalink
McCain was all for Bush's agenda. If he does run, the press will gush about him and make him bigger than life. He will be very difficult to beat. The Democrats will have to hang Bush around his neck. Make him own Bush's programs. McCain supported the privatization of Social Security, the Bush tax cuts, the Iraq war, all of Bush's nominees, and 95 percent of Bush's initiatives. An occaisional reference to the Keating Five wouldn't hurt.
I think this oversimplifies McCain's role. I've read a couple of his books, saw the movie, and he's all about Duty, Honor, Country. He's pure career Navy, and he is a product of that. I think (just a guess here) that he's simply doing what someone with his background is trained to do, and that's to support the Commander in Chief, even if you think he's a moron. Remember, these guys, the career military, are willing to go and maybe die on orders from the CiC. It's what they do.
McCain, though, is no dummy, and if you listen carefully you can hear the dissent. But it's muted and cautious, as a good officer always does.
He is in favor of a different policy in Iraq, and has been saying recently that we need a different mix of people there... more engieneers and cultural experts, fewer teenagers with guns. Which is smart, although I'm not sure if it's too late. He's been saying that for a long time, and has crossed swords with Rummy in hearings repeatedly, and you can tell he despises the man for being a blind incompetent.
This is all a lot different that just calling him a 'conservative'. And the differnce is why the religious wingnuts hate him so much. The enemy of my enemy is my friend... ??
November 23, 2005 7:07 PM | Reply | Permalink
McCain is extremely talented at inserting himself into the news cycle, and has successfully cultivated a kind of national image as a "maverick" Republican, but his political skills are of a limited range. During the 2000 primaries he was slow to respond to the Rove war machine, and quick to publically vent his distaste for certain wings of the GOP whose favor every successful Republican candidate must carefully cultivate. I don't know what the path to the 2008 Republican nomination will be, but I suspect the real threat to a Democratic victory would be Giuliani (who is a much defter politician), not McCain.
November 23, 2005 7:08 PM | Reply | Permalink
The Republicans need, or will think they need, someone photogenic, who comes across as a commanding, no b.s., presence, and who has a public record of opposing Bush on at least one or two major issues (thus framable as "not connected to Bush").
Only Hagel fits the bill. McCain is more like Bush's humiliation slave or something, given the vicious insults McCain and his family received and the unstinting support he gives nonetheless.
November 23, 2005 7:49 PM | Reply | Permalink
Isn't McCain the Republican version of Howard Dean? I say this as a supporter of Dean, someone who I think would have been an ideal candidate and an ideal president. But, the voters didn't agree with me.
Both men are/were anti-party establishment. Both were/are perceived by their supporters as honest, tell it like it is politicians. Both are misinterpreted by the public as more liberal than they were/are. And, in my opinion, both did/will meet defeat in the primaries.
November 23, 2005 8:30 PM | Reply | Permalink
The hard right has exactly the same attitude about McCain and Hagel that we have about Biden and Lieberman. Neither one could make it through the primaries (I hope...). My money is on George Allen. He's dumb as a rock, but that hasn't been a sticking point for them before -- in fact it may be a selling point since it makes him easier to control. Frist is toast. Little Ricky is toast as a senator much less as a presidential candidate and he's Catholic. Giuliani, despite his many divorces, is Catholic. Jeb is Catholic and he's got a name problem plus he's got kids in and out of rehab. Huckabee is kind of an outside choice and despite is outlandish social views would probably be more of a real fiscal conservative.
Out of all of them George Allen has got name recognition and NASCAR dad credibility on top of that thick, albeit fake, southern accent. He can be marketed just like W. I just hope that old marketing campaign doesn't work again.
November 23, 2005 8:34 PM | Reply | Permalink
I agree with others here who say McCain faces a lot obstacles in gaining the GOP nomination. The issue of his chances in a general election is a different matter. There are a number of variables to consider here, not least of which is the name of his Democratic opponent. I guess the conventional wisdom would have to be that McCain's chances improve should he face a Democrat from the party's left wing. But I'd say all the leading potential candidates are mainstreamish enough to run as centrists. I doubt very much McCain would be facing Al Sharpton in a general election.
My own guess is it will be the Democrats' election to lose in 2008, because after two terms of a controversial Republican president with high negatives, the country will likely be ready for a change. The political conditions present in 2008 are very unlikely to emulate those of 1988. And should the economy be shaky three years from now, it would take a miracle for the Republicans to retain the White House. If the economy were in decent shape in 2008, or in the late stages of a boom, then I'd guess McCain would be about as strong a candidate as the Republicans could hope for. Yes, he's conservative, but his penchant for noisy maverickism has given him an aura of sincerity, and people of all political stripes tend to suffer from slick politician fatigue. This allows many a moderate or liberal to forgive McCain his more right-wing positions. And McCain does depart from the party line on several issues.
Reagan won what, 47 states in 1984? Look at this compared to George W. Bush last year. The latter wasn't even competitive in New York, California, or Illinois. McCain theoretically should be a much more formidable candiate than George W. Bush or a strongly conservative candidate such as Sam Brownback, because the Arizonan would force the Democrats to defend blue state territory.
If my hunch is right about 2008, it may not make much of a difference who the GOP puts up, but they could certainly do a lot worse than John McCain. It's getting the nomination that's the real hurdle. For the senator, that hurdle may well be insurmountable.
November 23, 2005 8:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
Mc Cain will be the oldest person in the history of the cosmos to run, that's3 years away. If he was 53 this conversation would be valid.
November 23, 2005 9:18 PM | Reply | Permalink
Quite frankly, the candidate everyone keeps not mentioning is Sam Brownback, the candidate of the American Taliban. Sure, we all know he's about as electable as Barry Goldwater was in 1964, but we aren't paying attention to the mutterings from that wing. I happen to have an old friend from high school who is one of Them, who put me on an e-mail mailing list (which I first thought of turning over to a young hacker I know with the admonition "don't burn down their houses with people inside" and then decided I would just "let ride," which has been quite educational). We think these people would have "learned their lesson" from all the failures this year, but what I'm reading is they think they just have to get stronger. They take Alito as a bigger victory than Schiavo was a failure. They want a fight. And they hate McCain. Hatehatehatehatehatehate McCain.
I too, as with a few other posters here, could live with McCain, who I totally disagree with, on the grounds he's an actual Conservative, not a Taliban loonie, not a far right fascist masquerading under the title "conservative."
Given all that, I think the 2008 Republican primary will see a fight (hopefully to the death) between the "real" conservatives, the traditional Republicans, supporting McCain, and the "movement" conservatives and Taliban Christian Wrong, supporting Brownback. Were McCain to win, the "movement conservatives" might stick with him, but the Christian Wrong is so far up on their high horse they would promote an independent "Christian candidate." This would set up a modified 1992 scenario, with the independent drawing off the looney-tune far right from the Republican candidate.
Now if we can just avoid nominating the unelectable-under-any-scenario, totally incompetent (her way of running the health care campaign in 1994 - keeping it her own and not bringing on allies as co-authors - is instructive of how politically dumb she is) Hillary Clinton - let her become a "stateswoman" the way the unelectable Ted Kennedy became a "statesman" - we might just have a chance of winning with a good candidate the way we did in 1992. I'm not sure who that is, but I think a lot of us lefties need to learn how to say "Mark Warner" with genuine enthusiasm in our tone of voice. I don't know about anyone else, but right now I am for anyone (other than Hillary) who isn't a Republican and isn't tied to this idiot "invasion of Poland."
November 24, 2005 12:52 AM | Reply | Permalink
Democtractic support for McCain scares me. Yes, it's nice that he challenges Bush and it's great that he speaks in plain language, the way all politicians shoudl, but he's no Democrat and he's certainly no liberal or profressive. Nice as it is to see him challenge the administration and moderare at he seens when compared to a very extreme Reoublican establishment, he's still to the right of the mainstream.
It's fine to respect the guy. I respect him. But, he's no lefty and he's not even a moderate lefty. Taken by his record, he couldn't even worm his way into the moderate DLC.
Respecting him is one thing... voting for him... well... he's not even a moderate, to be honest. He's a Republican, to the core, who has some issues. Why support him, if you're on the left?
November 24, 2005 2:07 AM | Reply | Permalink
Guiliana showed leadership when it mattered most and is a walk up start for the GOP nomination. To date HRC has shown little leadership on Iraq, but should she run against Rudi in 08, she won't suffer from from any anti Gotham national sentiment. Can't recall Rudi and Junior in any recent "publicity shots", which will serve Rudi well. If the GOP is stomped inthe 06 elections, Rudi will be irresistable to them for 08.
We may then reasonably expect the First Gentleman in waiting to be unleashed from the porch, for a dazzling team performance on the campaign trail.
November 24, 2005 2:33 AM | Reply | Permalink
Guiliana showed leadership when it mattered most and is a walk up start for the GOP nomination. To date HRC has shown little leadership on Iraq, but should she run against Rudi in 08, she won't suffer from from any anti Gotham national sentiment. Can't recall Rudi and Junior in any recent "publicity shots", which will serve Rudi well. If the GOP is stomped inthe 06 elections, Rudi will be irresistable to them for 08.
We may then reasonably expect the First Gentleman in waiting to be unleashed from the porch, for a dazzling team performance on the campaign trail.
November 24, 2005 2:35 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think McCain will be just that, a mirage. His maverick image will be oblitierated when he kow-tows to the RR in the run-up to the 2008 election, who won't support him in an event. He 's been demonized by the RR, I don't see them turning around for him. He has an ultra-right voting record, way outside the mainsteam. His integrity was blown for me with his lovefest with Bush after the vicious, racist, antipatriotic campaign Bush ran against him in the 2000 South Carolina primary. He's too old and he has health problems.
I think the best bet for the Repubicans would be Chuck Hagel. He sounds moderate, is a Viet Nam veteran, is telegenic and hs good communications skills and has dramatically broken with Bush over Iraq. I have no idea what his voting record has been, but he seems more principled in his positions than an opportunistic and scandal-ridden Frist. Guilani is a nasty person which I think he would be unable to hide during a campaign and the only highpoint of his mayorality was right after 911. Maybe that makes him a surefire loser in the primaries.
On the Democratic side, Clinton is a sure loser and would energize the Right. Even though she seems more hawkish than Bush on Iraq, I don't think any woman could be elected in the massively militarized America we have now. I think the best bet is Mark Warner/Westley Clark. Americans like to vote for governors and generals. They would also make the South more competitive. The problem is that neither of them is any longer in the political spotlight.
November 24, 2005 4:50 AM | Reply | Permalink
It matters little who the Republican nominee might be in 2008. A skeptical public will look upon the party as being untruthful. The basic problem rests in their goals running counter to the interests of a wide majority of voters and the present administration has revealed just how wide that gap is.
It remains to be seen if McCain can sell a program of honesty and then have the Republican power base honor it in a way that doesn't screw the majority and make the rich even richer. I don't really think it possible. The powerful monied interests have their hooks too deeply set in Republican politics to have an expectation of a different outcome. Their agenda is basically anti-social in nature and has a momentum that will be hard to reverse. Changing the executive and congress is the only way. A moderate republican president won't make it happen.
thepeoplechoose
November 24, 2005 5:12 AM | Reply | Permalink
I have little doubt that arguments like these will sway me back towards the Democratic party through a full campaign. However, at this very moment I envision myself holding up a "Democrats for McCain" sign at a local rally and punching every "D" on the 2008 ballot, except for McCain.
In fact, I'm seriously considering registering with the republican party to vote in the presidential primaries provided that the Dems don't need steering on environmental issues.
November 24, 2005 6:30 AM | Reply | Permalink
McCain/Guiliani probably wouldn't win the nomination but would likely be victorious in 2008. McCain is the new Reagan, loved by the press and, thus, underexamined by them. To win against this combo Dems should field Gore/Clark--most Americans would love to roll back the clock to 2000---a do-over!
I hope whoever is the candidate would show unedited tape of McCain sucking Bush's ass during 2004 campaign. Also, the list of indictees/convicted should be scrolled during each and every screening to help local/national candidates eliminate the power of incumbancy in red states.
November 24, 2005 10:55 AM | Reply | Permalink
Ever notice how on the Daily Show McCain will openly mock positions he continues to promote as GOP truth in his day job? McCain's a phony, though he merely pales in this respect compared to his prominent colleagues.
November 24, 2005 11:08 AM | Reply | Permalink
There is a great deal that is attractive about McCain and it isn't his policy possitions. They are mostly repulsive(Orin Hatch 2.0 is right!). What is attractive and is not a mirage is his ability to stand alone and take unpopular positions that his party is not interested in advocating. The Dems need someone with his strength to show leadership with a policy program that would fit our view of tolerance and equal opportunities for all americans.
November 24, 2005 3:06 PM | Reply | Permalink