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Ideology of Information

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Josh Marshall quoted recently from a provocative note from a reader:


Has anyone given serious thought to the possibility that Bush himself may not have been aware of the conflicting evidence [on Iraq], the caveats, etc.? I strongly suspect that Cheney and Rumsfeld presented him with one sexed-up dossier after another, each of which left out the doubts and uncertainties felt at the lower levels. And Bush would have been none the wiser. After all, it is well known that Bush doesn't look beyond his advisors for news of the world, for corroboration, or for counterfactuals with which to test his working hypotheses. And they all knew this about him in advance. He was ripe for manipulation.

I suppose Josh is correct to reply that there is little "reason to assume that the president is any less capable of such bad-faith and bad acts than those around him." But it's a fascinating thought. And together with all the vague stories of Bush losing faith in Cheney, Rove, Card, etc., it naturally prompts one to imagine a conclusion in which the deceived and manipulated man-child installed in the presidency sees the light, casts off the evil advisors, regains his own counsel and that of the wizened hands of his father's regime, and fitfully but admirably, within the limits of his capabilities, begins to pull the country, and his own soul, off its self-destructive path.


Now that would make a magnificent political novel, even though it would have the arc of innocence/corruption/redemption that Chris Lehmann condemns in his fine essay, "Why Americans Can't Write Political Fiction ." But it would be fiction, unfortunately.


I think that the way we're looking at these questions is a little quaint. We're asking very traditional questions: Was information withheld? Was there deceit about the information? Those are the familiar Watergate/Iran-contra questions. But they overlook the Ideology of Information that the administration created. By this I mean the whole practice of evaluating all information going into the war not for its truth value, but for whether it promoted or hindered the administration's goal of being free to go to war. The President could have been given every bit of intelligence information available, and he and/or Cheney would have reached the same decision because they would have discarded, discounted, or disregarded most of it. Information that was Useful to that goal was put in one box, Not Useful put in another. Entire categories of information were assigned to the Not Useful box because their source was deemed an opponent of U.S. military action, or assumed to have some other motive. All information from the UN inspectors went into the Not Useful box because they were deemed war opponents, or because it was believed that giving any credence to the inspectors would lead back into the mid-1990s cycle of inspections and evasions of inspections. Any information from the CIA was considered Not Useful because they were deemed to have overlooked Saddam's arsenal in the 1990s. The fact that Saddam did everything the inspectors and the U.S. asked, even to the point of destroying the missiles whose specifications exceeded an agreement, was Not Useful or irrelevant because Saddam's motive was to avoid war. (Of course it was!)


The focus now has been on just a couple of stories that slipped through the cracks of The Ideology of Information: the yellowcake-from-Niger fraud, which had been debunked everywhere, and the question of the aluminum tubes not suitable for centrifuges. Those are the two big acts of commission, but there are dozens more acts of omission -- useful information that would have to go into any balanced assessment of what we knew about Iraq and WMD that was swept off the table because it was treated as an obstacle to our country's freedom to act when and how we wished. Much of it was information that came up between the congressional vote and the invastion itself, such as the degree of Saddam's cooperation with the inspectors, so members of Congress who voted to authorize military action have little to explain here.


The White House didn't so much deceive itself or deceive others as close its eyes to the very possibility that there were any questions at issue, regarding not only WMD but also post-invasion planning. They did so in the name of preserving their freedom to act when and how they wished, and as a result  got us trapped in a situation in which we no longer have any freedom of action.


It is important to call attention to the Ideology of Information promoted during that period because it is very much alive. It is inherent in the Plame leak and to this day in the criticisms of Wilson -- the argument that he was the one who revealed information in his op-ed. It is inherent in the Bush and Cheney speeches: criticism and second thoughts, reminders of alternative information are all deemed simply Not Useful. It's something much deeper and sicker than just withholding or manipulating information.


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One of the challenges that we face in trying to expose the Ideology of Information is that the usual terms of attack don't seem to match up to it quite right.  If somebody's looking only at the information that supports a certain policy and willfully ignoring a mountain of debunking/contrary evidence, and then he goes out and loudly proclaims the stuff in the Useful box, do you get to say he lied?  Do you get to say he deceived you?  What happened in the first instance is that he deceived himself into believing something.  But once he's got himself to believe something, his expression of that belief can't count as a lie, since a liar has to say A while believing not-A.  


So what do we say about these people?  What neat and effective bumper-sticker terms are there?  After an extensive investigation that captures the attention of the country, we might be able to attack Republicans for not caring enough about Americans and American soldiers to consider all the risks and dangers that the Iraq War posed to them.  Maybe we could use talk like that to damage the Republicans' totally undeserved reputation as the national security party.  But until then, it's kind of hard to know what to say.  

Much sicker: Untergang!

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AUTHOR: Ottoe
DATE: 11/17/2005 03:12:44 PM

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AUTHOR: Ottoe
DATE: 11/17/2005 03:13:14 PM

Neil:


Your question assumes a subjective definition of "lying," which may be true in law, but not necessarily in ethics (even among werewolves) or politics.  


"Truthfulness" is not just a matter of sincerity.  It also involves openness to objective reality and empirical evidence.  Those who systematically shut themselves off from both are "liars" as well, and as Mark suggests, are more dangerous than mere hypocrites and dissemblers.  


And that's why I agree with Mark's implicit argument that we shouldn't insist on proving that Bush and his gang knew they were lying.  Deception based on self-deception, when you are in charge of a multi-trillion dollar government and the most powerful military force on earth, is far worse than conscious mendacity.  


If you insist on a bumper sticker, how's about "The Right Is Mad About Being Wrong," or "The Truth Hurts Republicans."  


That's the best I can do on short notice, but you get the drift.    

why fascinating...? if he knew, he's a liar... if he didn't know, he's stupid... regardless, he's the president, he's accountable, and if there's one thing that can't be delegated, it's accountability...

regardless, he's the president, he's accountable, and if there's one thing that can't be delegated, it's accountability...


He takes the credit when it goes good and won't take responsibility if it goes wrong...we ain't dealing with Harry S. Truman here, lol!!  And btw...I think he is both stupid and a liar.  And the only reason he is pissed at Cheney, Rove et al is that they and their people were just as stupid by getting caught lying about Plamegate...definitely not pissed that they lied.

Not hard to say at all.  The Catholic nuns who taught me the 10 commandments wouldn't have lowered the bar on sin to accept technical arcane definitions of truth.  Did you intend to mislead? If so, you lied.

Mark,

I don't think that it follows that if Bush was misled then he is somewhat off the hook. I would agree with the reader that Bush probably wasn't aware of all the conflicting information on Iraq etc. That's because he's not interested in such stuff, has no capacity for the analysis needed and particularly when it goes against his preconceived ideas. Marshalling information and then coming to a decision isn't what Bush does nor does he want his advisors to so advise him.

Instead the Boy Emperor surrounds himself with advisors who tell him only what he wants to hear. That they may be misleading him is beside the point. Bush has no interest in the facts other than as they reinforce his position - essentially he wants to be misled in the direction he wants to go. It reminds me of King Rehoboam in Israel who appointed his friends to be his advisors.

Children, Intelligent Designers, and other people for whom critical thinking is anathema are only interested in evidence that supports what they believe - it's a case of "if you don't like this evidenence then I have other evidence." That's why Miers was the best possible candidate for SCOTUS and now Allito is.

George W. Bush is the Kaiser Wilhelm II of our time.  A fragile ego protected by bullying, bombast, and militaristic dress-up, surrounding himself by lunatic military expansionists (Hindenburg-Ludendorff, Cheney-Rumsfeld, what's the diff?).  Like Kaiser Willi, he has managed to alienate the whole world with his nationalistic, pseudo-religious cant.  Willi's cabal dreamt of Greater Germany extending into the heart of Russia, Georgie's simply of ruling the world.  Both thought they controlled their cabals when in fact their cabals controlled them.  Willi managed to lead his nation into disaster.  Georgie . . . . ?

He may be a liar. He may be stupid. But to extend more charity than I normally do to Bush, if he's not stupid, and not a liar, then at the very least he was ill-informed, and unaware of critical information, which would seem to disqualify him for the job he's (not) doing. I'm always amazed by people who choose defenses that make them look worse than admitting to the crime would.

"Truthfulness" is not just a matter of sincerity.  It also involves openness to objective reality and empirical evidence.  Those who systematically shut themselves off from both are "liars" as well, and as Mark suggests, are more dangerous than mere hypocrites and dissemblers. 

Exactly. Sincerity alone is meaningless, and has little to do with truthfulness. Orwell's classic 1984 is premised on sincerity itself being ultimately malleable and even coercible, and that is the greatest threat of all to truthfulness.

It's also worth mentioning the left is not immune to such sincere un-truthfulness.

What is rather depressing that at least in some quarters the ideology of information still holds sway.  In The New York Daily News there two letters of note.  One simply denied that Bush had ever lied.  The other letter took and earlier letter writer to task for calling for Bush's impeachment.  This writer suggested that Clinton had lied about serious matters while Bush had not lied at all.

Mark Schmitt's thesis is supoorted by the run-up to the Congressional authorization.  All opposition, and more importantly, all conditions to the Congressional authorization, were swept aside so as to give Bush complete, unfettered power to launch a preemptive war at the time and place of  his choosing.

Which is why it's not good to have a moron as POTUS. As Paul Begala once said Bush is in so far over his head "he's like Mini-Me at the bottom of the Grand Canyon."

Okay, that literally made me laugh out loud! Thank you for sharing it!

The poor man-child, in his innocence led astray and betrayed by those he trusted.

Bullshit.

Bush is every bit as cynical and conniving as any petty thief.  It's his membership in the "lucky sperm" club that has allowed him to screw up every business that he has owned and profit handsomely on the sales to daddy's friends and backers.  He signed on to do a job, as the 70 million that he raised before he even announced his run attested to.  To think that he has been put in this position without culpability is naive at best.

I think Mr. Woodward will confirm my theory- that  Bush has been moving out those that can hang this albatross around his neck- hiding them in plain sight.  It will be interesting to see if the "present or former" administration official that Woodward names will be Wolfowitz, Bolton, or Harriet.  

Is Bush cognizant of lying?

Let's switch channels to the 9/11 Commission. It's not the same issue, of course, of the deceptions leading to war, but here we have two of the current principals -- Bush and Cheney -- invovled in that investigation.

They were only willing to meet the 9/11 commission in April of 2004 under these conditions:

1. Cheney and Bush had to be interviewed together.
2. They were not to be under oath.
3. No recordings or even notes of the session were allowed.

At first blush these requirements reinforced the impression that Bush is an idiot and can't do anything without his VP.

Sharper critics attributed the motive differently: they needed these conditions in order to corroborate their stories, because they knew their stories contained falsehoods. And without notes or a recording, they were free to spin if the system broke down.

This glimpse into the Bush-Cheney culture suggests that whether or not we want to understand their approach to reality as lying or simply ideologically driven disregard of contrary evidence, they know full well that what they're doing is not perceived as acceptable by the culture.


This was my point exactly when I wrote Josh on 11-13 the following:

"Are we dealing with a plot out of a Robert Ludlum novel here?  Did Cheney see an opening by appointing himself as VP knowing that if this dumbshit Bush became president, he (Cheney) as VP, along with Rumsfeld and all the rest of the neo-con cabal, could talk Bush into anything they wanted because they could out-reason Bush on anything (being supremely more intelligent and knowledgeable).  They could therefore, if Bush could get elected, achieve ALL their dreams and aims by having direct control from the most powerful place of power in the world--the oval office of the US. "

After an extensive investigation that captures the attention of the country, we might be able to attack Republicans for not caring enough about Americans and American soldiers to consider all the risks and dangers that the Iraq War posed to them.

Indeed, Bluebell, you are right; the sin is in the intention to deceive.  What was all the BS about mushroom clouds?  Condi and Cheney did not say there would be a mushroom cloud, but what was "We don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud" about?


They never said outright that Saddam did 9/11, but they kept using 9/11 and Saddam in the same sentence.  Why did 69% of the people at one point think there was a link between the two?


The intention to deceive was there, and it's still there as B/C continue to attempt to deceive by saying that Americans have the right to disagree with the president, but when Democrats do it, they say they are undermining the troops.


Now I hope the people of the country are not buying the BS.  

Information that was Useful to that goal was put in one box, Not Useful put in another.


Sorry, but I don't buy it.


When you make speeches or appear on TV and you say that "in fact" and "there is no doubt" and "it's been pretty well confirmed," and yet you had information that said otherwise, it makes you a liar.


Doesn't matter if you put the information in the Not Useful box.


You had it and then you lied.

Somewhere long ago I commented here, on another post, that I'm frightened not by what this adminstration says, nor by the fact that some Americans believe what they say. I'm frightened by the fact that THEY believe what they say.

In that view, observations (intelligence) that don't support the Conclusion aren't "Not Useful", they are wrong.

Washington has a history of crooks, liars, and cheats and we've survived them all. They aren't the ones that keep me up at night.

Listen to this August 22, 2002, speech by Scott Ritter.

It sends shivers up my spine.

I find both Mark's original post and the comments interesting and often insightful. Yet, I marvel at how much emphasis is placed on not dealing with the reality that the person who is ultimately responsible for the principles that create the paradigms (sorry for the word but it fits) within which our government is conducted is George W. Bush.

One can parse how the various factions may have had influence, but the responsibility to establish the broad parameters belongs to the person of the president.

To illustrate, he could have said to Gonzales: "We do not torture. Tear up your memos." He didn't.

Whether invading Iraq was a good idea or not (I think it was stupid, but that's beside the point) GWB could have said "We will provide Congress and the American people with all the intelligence we have". He didn't.

I could go on but won't. My point is that isn't it time we stopped making excuses for the source of a disasterous time for a country, that however haltingly, had made enormous progress with great pain.

The source of the disaster is George W. Bush, the President. While the specific decisions are complex, the paradigms (there's that word again) within which they are made are fairly fundamental. Isn't it time people began to discuss this reality, including the reality that GWB has imeachment insurance in Cheney and Hassert? One can only laugh at the prediciment while calling attention to it.

Facing this reality explicitly may influence the current Congress but will certainly influence the next one.

Schmitt: "The fact that Saddam did everything the inspectors and the U.S. asked, even to the point of destroying the missiles whose specifications exceeded an agreement..."

I've never understood why this fact hasn't gotten more play, both at the time it was occurring and now that we are finally exposing the lies and manipulations of this administration. It’s among the most damaging of all facts, perhaps the most damaging, to counter the BS about the invasion being a 'last resort'.

If this is true, if Bush was fooled, and I know a lot of people believe that, then it kind of blows the "President as Delegator" argument that was used to elect Bush the first time right out of the water.  Honestly, the argument that a gullible President will be fine because he or she will surround themselves with smart people has always bothered the heck out of me.  I don't expect a president to be an expert in everything.  There is a need for specialists, after all.  But you don't have to be a genius to know when a specialist is giving you bad information or advice, do you?  Sure, I could be scammed by an automechanic, but I know enough that I could also, reasonably, catch one in a lie, or I could at least ask enough right questions that I wouldn't be the easiest mark in the room.

 It's not enough to have advisors.  You have to manage those advisors.  I'm a journalist.  I submit stories to editors.  I've done the reporting.  I know more about the story than my editor does.  But my editor knows what to ask and can tell when I'm shaky on a fact even though I've done the research and they haven't.

Any president can be misled but they're still responsible.  It's still a failure.  Not being misled is part of the job, isn't it? 

Look, this is beside the point.  I totally agree that these people did some awful things that are morally equivalent to lying. What I'm concerned with is the fact that we don't have short powerful words that fit into short powerful phrases to make our political points effectively.  There is no defense of Bush and Cheney in my comment -- only the point that it's hard to attack them effectively.  

"they know full well that what they're doing is not perceived as acceptable by the culture."

That is true of the entire conservative movement. That is why they have to lie, fake being moderate, and conceal the reasons they are actually doing things.

They have never been honest about why they had to invade Iraq. They know they will have no support for that kind of thing outside the conservative movement. That's why every nomination for the Supreme Court since Bork has been a stealth nomination. (Souter simply backfired on them.)

Sure they know they are lying. But more important, they know that the truth of what the conservatives want would never be acceptable to  most of America.

This makes honest implementation impossible. But the true-believers really think that if they can implement their vision, it will work so well everyone will sit back and ask why we didn't do it earlier.

We've clearly seen how well it works in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the Gulf Coast after Katrina - Rita. But they are true believers. Instead of recognizing the failure of their ideology, they are looking for enemies who have sabotaged their efforts, so they attack their critics and redouble their efforts to do things their way.

It is more complicated than the fact that they are liars, which of course they are. It is the fact thay the have a conservative ideology that has to be pure and correct, and for which lying and destroying their enemies is a good thing.

The problem is a lot more than just Bush. He was placed where he is by the conservative movement as exemmplified by Newt Gingrich and his buddy Trent Lott, in alliance with the "Christian" fundamentalists such as Pat Robertson, Jerry Falwell, and Ralph Reed.

The political wave was already rolling in, and Bush/Rove merely placed themselves in position to ride the crest.

Unfortunately, Bush and his minions were probably the most inept choice the conservatives could have made.

None of that is to say that Bush is not totally, personally responsible for the load of crap he has laid on America and on the rest of the world. But the problem is a lot deeper than just him.

If Bush saw the National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) realeased by the CIA THEN THERE IS NO WAY HE DIDN'T KNOW THE DOUBTS ABOUT THE INTELLIGENCE.
It's right there in multiple sections in a very recognizable highlighted section called "THE INR'S ALTERNATIVE VIEW".
ttp://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB129/
Although the CIA was completely corrupted, the State Department's INR saw right through the Niger claims, the centrifuge claims, and a couple others.  They outright called the Niger claims "...highly dubious".
Either Bush can't read or he saw this info and chose to ignore it.  Is he stupid or a liar?  Why can't he be both?

 I recall that during the build-up to war in Iraq there was a lot of discussion going on about “stove-piping” information from the CIA. Stove-piping was the term used for going around the usual vetting of information done by CIA analysts, that is to say Cheney and the neo-cons did not believe the analysis done by the CIA was good enough as it did not agree with their mantra concerning WMD. So instead they gathered the raw information from the CIA and drew their own conclusions which were at odds with what the CIA was saying about the likelihood that Saddam was hoarding WMD.


 I also recall a lot of discussion about Bush and if he was the guy calling the shots or just a puppet with someone like Cheney pulling the strings. Since I am no Washington insider I have no way of knowing for sure but I tend to believe that Bush is an absolute tyrant that demands total loyalty from his underlings. We already know that more than one person lost his or her job because they questioned Bush’s policies. Powell is probably one example of someone who found themselves out in the cold because he did not go along with Bush completely.


 I also recall reading that Bush actually had it in his mind to invade Iraq long before the advent of 9/11, indeed he had it in his mind to invade before he was president. This was Bush’s war and he had his own reasons for it while the neo-cons had their own other reasons for supporting a war. For Bush it was an avenue to more power and political gain while for the neo-cons it was domination of the Arab world.


 In my opinion Bush knew exactly what he was doing when he pushed for war and if he has any masters that he is beholding to it is not anyone in the government but the big money people who put him in office.

dictory his speeches are. The handlers probably feed him the same Astroturf articles that they feed the press.


I think Bush has a general idea that the public needs to be manipulated, and has no problem with putting out total misinformation, not for the people or by the people but in spite of the people. Perhaps even to spite the people.

I'm reposting to include the beginning of my comment.

The ideology of deception goes way beyond the war in Iraq. At first it seemed that legislation with names like "Blue Sky" and "No Child Left Behind" and "Magic Lanterns" were rammed through congress to maximize campaign donations.

However, the pattern over five years has become eerie: choose a topic dear to the hearts of liberals, give it a pretty name as if it does what the country really wants and needs, and craft the details to gut the concept that the legislation was supposed to take care of.

The result has been confusion and anger fatigue. We yell out, "Black is not white!" but grow weary from defending one issue after another. This is no accident. Rove knew that by systematically bashing every issue that we care about, he could diffuse the efficiency of protest. Working people with limited time and energy can't deal with the fiscal irresponsibility, manipulated voting machines, deliberate destruction of environment, political corruption, loss of national identity, civil rights, cronyism, and on and on, a million cuts that are bleeding us to death.

Does Bush know any of this? We know that he never reads legislation, so he may not realize how contradictory his speeches are. Rumor has it that recently he is only speaking to his wife, his mother, Condi, and Harriet. One of them might give him details if she thought it would cheer him up. "Heh heh, guess what the EPA came up with today, George. They call it "Protections for Subjects in Human Research," but the new rules will allow government and industry scientists to use chemicals and pesticides on orphans and abused kids, see, 'cause we can have the institution sign off on them. Cool, huh?" (Yes, for real.)

I think Bush has a general idea that the public needs to be manipulated, and has no problem with putting out total misinformation, not for the people or by the people but in spite of the people.

Perhaps even to spite the people.

Going to war is the most important, consequence-laden decision that a president can make. If Bush allowed himself to be misled about the casus belli or otherwise failed to "do his homework," then he should resign or be impeached for whatever the constitutional equivalent of criminal incompetence is.

But I don't believe for a minute that he was misled about the existence of WMD (if that were the case, why did he not ask, at a minimum, why the UN inspectors came up with zip?) Yes, Bush is intellectually lazy and perhaps not entirely compis mentis. But as an earlier poster said, he is as cynical as they come: the only yardstick he values is the one that measures what benefits him personally. And until recently, that worked brilliantly for him.

No, the deceptions and self-deceptions had to do not with the reasons for war but in its conduct and its outcome. Cheney and Rummie probably truly believed that the invasion would be a glorious "cake walk," "slam dunk," whatever [insert favorite dopey sports metaphor here], that the boys would be home by Christmas 2003 and that Bush would coast to easy "mission accomplished" victory in Nov 2004. The newspapers and history books would fill up with hagiographies of Bush and his Adminstration, forgetting what everyone knew quite well all along: that the grounds for war were non-existant and the invasion illegal.

 

A good point, but too narrow in scope.  Bush was a complete rube from the outset.  He was the perfect front man, something the neo-cons learned they needed from the Reagan era. The neo-con leadership needed an electable patsy. and he was EXACTLY what they were looking for.  He had name recognition from his family, some semlence of a political leadership past, and was accepted as one of them by the conservative and conservative Christian leadership establishment.  He sounded good to those inclined to reactionary thinking, but wasn't one to be bothered with details about things he was responsible for.  It'll be interesting to see how Bush is ultimately viewed once he's gone.  He's not in a postion to feign ignorance to avoid the blame, but he's also not one to accept any responsibility either.  It's going to be a very interesting but difficult three years.

I don't want to be charged with "re-writing" history, but here's the way I remember what happened.  Bush didn't actively campaign for the republican nomination initially in the last months of the Clinton administration.  He had to be "recruited"  Then, after he agreed, and got the nomination, the search for vice began.  The person doing the search then found the ideal candidate- himself.  The plot Josh is refering to was hatched even before the recriting began of bush.

Somewhere long ago I commented here, on another post, that I'm frightened not by what this adminstration says, nor by the fact that some Americans believe what they say. I'm frightened by the fact that THEY believe what they say.

In that view, observations (intelligence) that don't support the Conclusion aren't "Not Useful", they are wrong.

I think the main post and this comment tie in quite nicely with Suskind's unnamed administration source's elaboration of the Administration's fundamental epistemological difference with the "reality based community." "We're an empire now; when we act, we create reality."

The Administration really believes that there is no "truth" in the cartesian sense, that there are only Action and Faith. Those with Faith, act