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Why I Wrote Devil's Game

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I wrote Devil's Game to fill in a gap amid the millions of words that have been written about political Islam and U.S. policy since September 11, 2001.


It's the story before the story, and it helps answer the question: How did we get into this mess? It's my contention that part of the answer to that question, at least, is that for half a century the United States and many of its allies saw what I call the "Islamic right" as convenient partners in the Cold War.


I approached this book not as an historian, but as a journalist. A great deal of it is based on scores of interviews with men and women from the State Department, the Central Intelligence Agency, the U.S. military, and the private sector who participated in many of these events. And I relied on dozens of published works. Most of the sources I interviewed are quoted on the record, and virtually every fact in the book is footnoted.

For those who wonder how it is possible that the United States now supports a regime in Iraq run by hard-core Islamists, by Shiite fundamentalists supported by Iran's ayatollahs, at least some of the answers will be found in this book.


For those who worry that Egypt, Syria, Algeria, Pakistan, and other Middle East and South Asia countries could fall to Iran-style Islamic revolution, at least some of the reasons why this is a real possibility will be found in this book.


For those who wonder about the worldwide support system for Osama bin Laden's movement, at least some of the background about how that system came to be will be found in Devil's Game.


Today it's convenient to speak about a Clash of Civilizations. But in Devil's Game I show that in the decades before 9/11, hard-core activists and organizations among Muslim fundamentalists on the far right were often viewed as allies for two reasons, because they were seen a fierce anti-communists and because they opposed secular nationalists such as Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser and Iran's Mohammed Mossadegh.


In the 1950s, the United States had an opportunity to side with the nationalists, and indeed many U.S. policymakers did suggest exactly that, as my book explains. But in the end, nationalists in the Third World were seen as wild cards who couldn't be counted on to join the global alliance against the USSR. Instead, by the end of the 1950s, rather than allying itself with the secular forces of progress in the Middle East and the Arab world, the United States found itself in league with Saudi Arabia's Islamist legions. Choosing Saudi Arabia over Nasser's Egypt was probably the single biggest mistake the United States has ever made in the Middle East.


A second big mistake that emerges in Devil's Game occurred in the 1970s, when, at the height of the Cold War and the struggle for control of the Middle East, the United States either supported or acquiesced in the rapid growth of Islamic right in countries from Egypt to Afghanistan. In Egypt, Anwar Sadat brought the Muslim Brotherhood back to Egypt. In Syria, the United States, Israel, and Jordan supported the Muslim Brotherhood in a civil war against Syria. And, as described in a groundbreaking chapter in Devil's Game, Israel quietly backed Ahmed Yassin and the Muslim Brotherhood in the West Bank and Gaza, leading to the establishment of Hamas.


Still another major mistake was the fantasy that Islam would penetrate the USSR and unravel the Soviet Union in Asia. It led to America's support for the jihadists in Afghanistan. But as Devil's Game shows, America's alliance with the Afghan Islamists long predated the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and had its roots in CIA activity in Afghanistan in the 1960s and in the early and mid-1970s. The Afghan jihad spawned civil war in Afghanistan in the late 1980s, gave rise to the Taliban, and got Osama bin Laden started on building Al Qaeda.


Would the Islamic right have existed without U.S. support? Of course. This is not a book for the conspiracy-minded. But there is no question that the virulence of the movement that we now confront-and which confronts many of the countries in the region, too, from Algeria to India and beyond-would have been significantly less had the United States made other choices during the Cold War.


So what can the United States do now? It can start by not making things worse. It can withdraw from Iraq, and so remove the most important recruiting tool that Al Qaeda has. It can vastly reduce its military presence in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Persian Gulf. It can work to reduce irritants that anger Muslims and fuel hatred and bitterness, above all by facilitating the creation of a viable Palestinian state and by working to ease conflicts on the fringes of the Muslim world, from the Philippines to Indonesia to Kashmir to Sudan.


Toward the end of Devil's Game, I put forward what I believe are some constructive ideas about how to deal with the challenge posed by the Islamic right. But at the very least, it is my hope that Americans learn that the ultimate solution does not involve the U.S. armed forces. It will take many decades of nation-building and religion-building in the Middle East before enlightened, secular forces manage to eclipse the benighted forces of political Islam. Hopefully, at least, the United States won't get in the way.


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Robert,
I notice that you write that you interviewed and researched American officials and documents. This begs some important questions:
1. Did you speak to anyone on the "Islamic Right?"
2. If so, did you use a translator?
3. If you did, how can you be personally sure that you are receiving accurate translations of conversations? Were recordings translated by a second interpreter? 
4. More importantly, if you can't understand the languages, how can you be sure that some of the most basic research material - newspaper and television reports - haven't been, no matter how inadvertently, cherry-picked for you by your translators? Or that their importance has been properly gauged, at least from your own point of view?
I hasten to add that when dealing with, say, Europe, extensive language skills are assumed. And for such very good reasons no one bothers to make them explicit. I wonder why, if you don't have comparable language skills and background in Islam, I should consider seriously the ideas in your book.
I really this is an impolite post, but to continue in my blunt fashion, the level of knowledge required to claim expertise in Islam is so woefully low that it makes it all but impossible for those of us who are admitted amateurs to find genuinely accurate information.
I do not think it is possible to analyze with any sense of reliability the failures of US policy towards political Islam, or its successes, unless one is equally conversant with the persons and documents of Islamism. Admittedly, access to individuals may be difficult, but there is no reason to compound that limited access by not having the requisite language skills or background in the cultures.
Needless to say, if you do speak Arabic and some other languages, I apologize profusely for the clear intent of these questions.

No critical comments here.  I'm glad you wrote the damn thing. I go on and on about this exact topic on chat boards everywhere and am delighted at the prospect of, mmmmhhhhh, having some actual knowledge to accompany my position. LOL
But seriously, it's a huge topic to march through and I'm delighted you've done it and I'm very much looking forward to reading it. Here's hoping it's the book we need to enlighten much of what's transpired. 

Regarding tristero's point, someone should commission a complementary study by Juan Cole or someone.


I am less skeptical on the translation question than tristero is. Translators have track records and are checkable, and even without any  Arabic materials at all, a study based purely on English-language literature could tell us a lot.

Haven't seen the book yet, but awhile back I documented the right wing's love affair with conservative Islam. Before 9/11 there were any number of instances of American wingers (anti-feminist, anti-socialist, anti-secular, anti-gay) sucking up to various middle eastern goons.


People have ended up believing that the only "relativists" were airy-fairy multiculturalists, but before 9/11 that was just not true at all.

I am struck by your statement that "In the 1950s, the United States had an opportunity to side with the nationalists, and indeed many U.S. policymakers did suggest exactly that, as my book explains. But in the end, nationalists in the Third World were seen as wild cards who couldn't be counted on to join the global alliance against the USSR. Instead, by the end of the 1950s, rather than allying itself with the secular forces of progress in the Middle East and the Arab world, the United States found itself in league with Saudi Arabia's Islamist legions. Choosing Saudi Arabia over Nasser's Egypt was probably the single biggest mistake the United States has ever made in the Middle East."

The "marriage of convenience" with Saudi Arabia happened aboard the USS Quincy in 1945. FDR committed the full might of the US to protect and defend the Saud Family who, in return, agreed to supply us with access to "cheap" oil.

Just because you are taking a "journalists view" doesn't mean you can ignore history. There was no way that 1950s policymakers could have chosen Nasser's Egypt over Saudi Arabia. 

A study based purely on English-language literature that was informed by fluency in the language and culture of the societies under question could tell us a lot more.
Given that the US government and so many "experts" got so much wrong about al Qaeda, it would seem to me that fluency in Arabic would be prerequisite number one when discussing Islamism from the standpoint of an expert, be s/he journalist or historian. 
How can a journalist write accurately about a culture whose language s/he cannot understand? 
And we most certainly need a high degree of accuracy. After all, this isn't about the nuance of American conflicts with traditional culture in Northern Finland. This is about understanding a movement that nearly succeeded in their efforts to decapitate the US government. 
If I wanted to be thought expert about the Soviet Union, it would be naturally assumed that I was fluent in Russian. I don't see any reason why such standards should be abandoned when discussing Islamism. 

Things were a bit more complicated than that, weren't they? After all, the U.S. called off the attack on Egypt in 1956. And the CIA liason in Egypt, Miles Copeland, quite liked Nassar. And when the U.S. and Nasser felt they had a common interest -- for instance, overthrowing Kassim in Iraq -- they cooperated. I believe a young Saddam Hussein hid out in Egypt during Qassim's brief reign, and helped the CIA led overthrow of the man.

A question about your meaning "radical Islam."  Khommeni and Bin Laden are not the same phenomena.  The former a Shia Imam the latter a radical Sunni zealot.  There is also the matter of the Sufis and other smaller sects of Islam.  Americas tend to lump all these groups together but they are not only the same but there is a lot of killing of Shia by Sunnis and some of the reverse.

hard-core activists and organizations ... were often viewed as allies for two reasons, because they were seen a fierce anti-communists and because they opposed secular nationalists such as Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser and Iran's Mohammed Mossadegh.


... in the end, nationalists in the Third World were seen as wild cards who couldn't be counted on to join the global alliance against the USSR.

There was no way that 1950s policymakers could have chosen Nasser's Egypt over Saudi Arabia. ... after all, we never go back on our word.

Radical Islam is represented along its spectrum by Shiites such as Ayatollah Khomeini and Sunnis such as Osama bin Laden. And yes, it's wrong to lump them all together. However, as my book shows, they have often inspired each other and often cooperated. In fact, Khomeini's godfather and mentor, Ayatollah Kashani, helped found an Iranian organization called the Devotees of Islam in the 1940s that was an unofficial branch of the (mostly Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood. And it was the Brotherhood which begat bin Laden: Hassan al-Banna, its founder, begat Said Ramadan, his son-in-law. Ramadan founded the international organizing chapter of the Brotherhood in Geneva, where he set up the Islamic Center of Geneva, and where he worked closely with the CIA. Ramadan, in turn, helped inspire Sayyid Qutb, an Egyptian fanatic who was the inspirational force behind Islamic Jihad and Ayman al-Zawahiri, who joined bin Laden in the 1980s. And Ramadan not only cheered on the Islamic revolution in Iran, and worked with Khomeini's intelligence service, but he helped to recruit "Arab Afghans" for the CIA-backed Afghan jihad in the 1980s.

Thank you for the detailed and interesting response.


If you intend to continue to look into this area further you might wish to contact Professor Wickham of Emory University.  Her area of interest is radical Islam.  She has been to the Middle East numerous times interviewing various leaders of Islamic groups. She is also fluent in Arabic.

"Choosing Saudi Arabia over Nasser's Egypt was probably the single biggest mistake the United States has ever made in the Middle East."

Huh?

What would an alliance between Nasser and the US have looked like?  Nasser did not believe there should be any part of Palestine under Jewish rule.  Aside than the relative levels of hostility to Israel Egypt had no fundamental dispute with Jordan or Saudi Arabia for the US to even take a side.

You can say choosing the side less openly hostile to Israel was a mistake, but that "mistake" is a fundamental component of what the United States stands for. (Rightly or wrongly.)

A second big mistake that emerges in Devil's Game occurred in the 1970s, when, at the height of the Cold War and the struggle for control of the Middle East, the United States either supported or acquiesced in the rapid growth of Islamic right in countries from Egypt to Afghanistan. In Egypt, Anwar Sadat brought the Muslim Brotherhood back to Egypt. In Syria, the United States, Israel, and Jordan supported the Muslim Brotherhood in a civil war against Syria. And, as described in a groundbreaking chapter in Devil's Game, Israel quietly backed Ahmed Yassin and the Muslim Brotherhood in the West Bank and Gaza, leading to the establishment of Hamas.

As before, was there really a better alternative? If the states had been ruled by hostile Islamists wouldn't we now be reading about how Nationalists were supported, supposedly a mistake?

In Arab countries essentially the entire population is opposed to the idea of Arab Muslims being forced to permanently leave their homes to make way for a Jewish majority nation. Among populations such as this, if there is going to be conflict it will be between two sides that both oppose Israel.

Arab Nationalists and Arab Islamists see themselves as different and they are different.  But either group upon consolidating power will appear identical to westerners who are concerned with the level of hostility to Israel.  In either case, the west would prefer civil war to one side being in stable control because whichever side is in stable control will have, from a western perspective, the same foreign policy. 

The correct western strategy has never been to choose a winner.  The correct strategy has been to make sure the fight continues. It is just not possible to actually pick a side that agrees with the West about Israel.

was the opposite of a CIA operative, and he holds the current record for instituting Islamic government in opposition to U.S. connivance.

 
It strikes me that the U.S. left the Iranian nationalists with few options for autonomy outside of theocracy.

However much the CIA might have maintained its ties with right-wing Islamic organizations, after crushing Mossaddeq and consitutional democracy while double-crossing the mullahs, the CIA thereafter was the mark, not the con.

  <span>What I’m doing today is doing what I’m doing now: I’m educating a new generation in the CIA that the Muslim Brotherhood was a fascist organization that was hired by Western Intelligence that evolved over time into what we today know as al Qaeda.
</span&gt
<span> 
</span&gt
<span>Yom Ha Shoah Speech
</span&gt<span>By John Loftus, 2004

</span&gt<span>(</span&gt<span>As a former Justice Department prosecutor, John Loftus once held some of the highest security clearances in the world, with special access to NATO Cosmic, CIA codeword, and Top Secret Nuclear files. As a private attorney, he works without charge to help hundreds of intelligence agents obtain lawful permission to declassify and publish the hidden secrets of our times. He is the author of four history books, three of which have been made into films, two were international best sellers, and one was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize.)</span&gt<span>
</span&gt<span> </span&gt<span>
</span&gt<span>It always seems a little strange to have an Irish-Catholic talking about Yom Ha Shoah.

I had an unusual education in the Holocaust. When I was working for the Attorney General, I was assigned to do the classified research about the Holocaust, so I went underground to a little town called Suitland, Maryland, right outside Washington, D.C. and that’s where the US Government buries its secrets - - literally. There are twenty vaults underground and each vault is one acre in size. Anyone see the movie "Raiders of the Lost Ark"? The last scene of that movie is what the underground vaults are really like, only not as organized as they are in the movie. And in those underground vaults I discovered something horrible. I learned that many of the Nazis that I had been assigned to prosecute were on the CIA payroll, but the CIA didn’t know they were Nazis because the British Intelligence Service had lied to them. What the British Intelligence Service didn’t know was that their liar was Kim Philby, the Soviet communist double agent - - a little scandal of the Cold War. But our State Department swept it all under the rug and allowed the Nazis to stay in </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span> until I was stupid enough to go public with it.

What do you do when you want to go public with a story like this one? You call up 60 minutes. We had a great time. Mike Wallace gave me 30 minutes on his show. For a long time, it was the longest segment that 60 minutes ever did. When the episode about Nazis in </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span> went on the air back in 1982, it caused a minor national uproar. Congress demanded hearings, Mike Wallace got the Emmy award, and my family got the death threats. It was a great trip.

Then a funny thing happened. Over the last 25 years, every retired spy in the </span&gt<span>U.S.</span&gt<span> and </span&gt<span>Canada</span&gt<span> and </span&gt<span>England</span&gt<span> all wanted me to be their lawyer, for free of course. So I had 500 clients, they paid me $1 apiece. So I am the worst paid lawyer in </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span>, but among the better employed.

Let me give you an example. This year a friend of mine from the CIA, named Bob Baer wrote a very good book about </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span> and terrorism, it’s called "Sleeping with the Devil". I read the book and I got about a third of the way through and I stopped. Bob was writing how when he worked for the CIA how bad the files were. He said, for example, the files for the Muslim Brotherhood were almost nothing. There were just a few newspaper clippings. I called Bob up and said, "Bob, that’s wrong. The CIA has enormous files on the Muslim Brotherhood, volumes of them. I know because I read them a quarter of a century ago." He said, "What do you mean?" Here’s how you can find all of the missing secrets about the Muslim Brotherhood -- and you can do this too. I said, "Bob, go to your computer and type in two words into the search part. Type the word "Vanna," V-a-n-n-a. He said, "Yeah." Type in "Nazi." Bob typed the two words in, and out came 30 to 40 articles from around the world. He read them and called me back and said, "Oh my God, what have we done?"

What I’m doing today is doing what I’m doing now: I’m educating a new generation in the CIA that the Muslim Brotherhood was a fascist organization that was hired by Western Intelligence that evolved over time into what we today know as al Qaeda.

Here’s how the story began. In the 1920’s there was a young Egyptian named al Bana. And al Bana formed this nationalist group called the Muslim Brotherhood. Al Bana was a devout admirer of Adolph Hitler and wrote to him frequently. So persistent was he in his admiration of the new Nazi Party that in the 1930’s, al Bana and the Muslim Brotherhood became a secret arm of Nazi Intelligence. The Arab Nazis had much in common with the new Nazi doctrines. They hated Jews; they hated democracy; and they hated the Western culture. It became the official policy of the Third Reich to secretly develop the Muslim Brotherhood as the fifth Parliament, an army inside </span&gt<span>Egypt</span&gt<span>.

When war broke out, the Muslim Brotherhood promised in writing that they would rise up and help General Rommell and make sure that no English or American soldier was left alive in </span&gt<span>Cairo</span&gt<span> or </span&gt<span>Alexandria</span&gt<span>.

The Muslim Brotherhood began to expand in scope and influence during World War II. They even had a Palestinian section headed by the grand Mufti of Jerusalem, one of the great bigots of all time. Here, too, was a man - - The grand Mufti of Jerusalem was the Muslim Brotherhood representative for </span&gt<span>Palestine</span&gt<span>. These were undoubtedly Arab Nazis. The Grand Mufti, for example, went to </span&gt<span>Germany</span&gt<span> during the war and helped recruit an international SS division of Arab Nazis. They based it in Croatia and called it the "Handjar" Muslim Division, but it was to become the core of Hitler’s new army of Arab fascists that would conquer the Arab peninsula from then on to Africa - - grand dreams.

At the end of World War II, the Muslim Brotherhood was wanted for war crimes. Their German intelligence handlers were captured in </span&gt<span>Cairo</span&gt<span>. The whole net was rolled up by the British Secret Service. Then a horrible thing happened. Instead of prosecuting the Nazis - - the Muslim Brotherhood - - the British government hired them.

They brought all the fugitive Nazi war criminals of Arab and Muslim descent into </span&gt<span>Egypt</span&gt<span>, and for three years they were trained on a special mission. The British Secret Service wanted to use the fascists of the Muslim Brotherhood to strike down the infant state of </span&gt<span>Israel</span&gt<span> in 1948. Only a few people in the Mossad know this, but many of the members of the Arab Armies and terrorist groups that tried to strangle the infant State of Israel were the Arab Nazis of the Muslim Brotherhood.

</span&gt<span>Britain</span&gt<span> was not alone. The French Intelligence service cooperated by releasing the Grand Mufti and smuggling him to </span&gt<span>Egypt</span&gt<span>, so all of the Arab Nazis came together. So, from 1945 to 1948, the British Secret Service protected every Arab Nazi they could, but they failed to quash the State of Israel. What the British did then, they sold the Arab Nazis to the predecessor of what became the CIA. It may sound stupid; it may sound evil, but it did happen. The idea was that we were going to use the Arab Nazis in the </span&gt<span>Middle East</span&gt<span> as a counterweight to the Arab communists. Just as the </span&gt<span>Soviet Union</span&gt<span> was funding Arab communists, we would fund the Arab Nazis to fight against. And lots of secret classes took place. We kept the Muslim Brotherhood on our payroll.

But the Egyptians became nervous. </span&gt<span>Nasser</span&gt<span> ordered all of the Muslim Brotherhood out of </span&gt<span>Egypt</span&gt<span> or be imprisoned, and we would execute them all. During the 1950’s, the CIA evacuated the Nazis of the Muslim Brotherhood to </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span>. Now when they arrived in </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span>, some of the leading lights of the Muslim Brotherhood like Azzam, became the teachers in the Madrasas, the religious schools. And there they combined the doctrines of Nazism with this weird Islamic cult, Wahhabiism. Everyone thinks that Islam is this fanatical religion, but it is not. They think that Islam - - the Saudi version of Islam - -is typical, but it’s not. The Wahhabi cult was condemned as a heresy more than 60 times by the Muslim nations. But when the Saudis got wealthy, they bought a lot of silence. This is a very harsh cult. The Wahhabiism was only practiced by two nations, the Taliban and </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span>. That’s how extreme it is. It really has nothing to do with Islam. Islam is a very peaceful and tolerant religion. It has always had good relationships with the Jews for the first thousand years of its existence.

For the Saudis, there was a ruler in charge of </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span>, and they were the new home of the Muslim Brotherhood, and fascism and extremism were mingled in these schools. And there was a young student who paid attention - - and Azzam’s student was named Osama Bin Ladin. Osama Bin Ladin was taught by the Nazis of the Muslim Brotherhood who had emigrated to </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span>.

In 1979 the CIA decided to take the Arab Nazis out of cold storage. The Russians had invaded </span&gt<span>Afghanistan</span&gt<span>, so we told the Saudis that we would fund them if they would bring all of the Arab Nazis together and ship them off to </span&gt<span>Afghanistan</span&gt<span> to fight the Russians. We had to rename them. We couldn’t call them the Muslim Brotherhood because that was too sensitive a name. Its Nazi cast was too known. So we called them the Maktab al Khidimat il Mujahideen, the MAK. And the CIA lied to Congress and said they didn’t know who was on the payroll in </span&gt<span>Afghanistan</span&gt<span>, except the Saudis. But it was not true. A small section CIA knew perfectly well that we had once again hired the Arab Nazis and that we were using them to fight our secret wars.

Azzam and his assistant, Osama Bin Ladin, rose to some prominence from 1979 to ’89, and they won the war. They drove the Russians out of </span&gt<span>Afghanistan</span&gt<span>. Our CIA said, "We won, let’s go home!" and we left this army of Arab fascists in the field of </span&gt<span>Afghanistan</span&gt<span>.

Saudis didn’t want to come back. Saudis started paying bribes to Osama Bin Ladin and his followers to stay out of </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span>. Now the MAK split in half. Azzam was mysteriously assassinated apparently by Osama Bin Ladin himself. The radical group - - the most radical of the merge of the Arab fascists and religious extremists - - Osama called that al Qaeda. But to this day there are branches of the Muslim Brotherhood all through al Qaeda. Osama Bin Ladin’s second in command, Ayman al-Zawahiri, came from the Egyptian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, the results of a Palestinian Islamic Jihad. There are many flavors and branches, but they are all Muslim Brotherhoods. There is one in </span&gt<span>Israel</span&gt<span>. The organization you know as "Hammas" is actually a secret chapter of the Muslim Brotherhood. When </span&gt<span>Israel</span&gt<span> assassinated Sheik Yassin a month ago, the Muslim Brotherhood published his obituary in a </span&gt<span>Cairo</span&gt<span> newspaper in Arabic and revealed that he was actually the secret leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in </span&gt<span>Gaza</span&gt<span>. So the Muslim Brotherhood became this poison that spread throughout the </span&gt<span>Middle East</span&gt<span> and on 911, it began to spread around the world.

I know this sounds like some sort of a sick fantasy, but go to your computer and type in the words "Vanna," V-a-n-n-a and the word "Nazi," N-a-z-i, and you will see all of the articles come up. Those are all the pieces of information that the CIA was trying to hide from its employees. It did not want them to know the awful past.

So, in 1984, when I was exposing European Nazis on the CIA payroll, at the same time they were trying to hide from Congress the fact that they had Arab Nazis back on the payroll to fight the Russians - - a stupid and corrupt program.

So, when Bob Baer studied his files, he was just stunned. A whole generation: the current CIA people know nothing about this. And believe me, the current generation CIA are good and decent Americans and I like them a lot. They’re trying to do a good job, but part of their problem is their files have been shredded. All of these secrets have to come out.

So, of course, my clients in the intelligence community said, "Well, what are you doing?" They gave me an example. They said, "Here’s how the Saudis finance these groups. The Saudis have established a group of charities on a street in </span&gt<span>Virginia</span&gt<span>. It’s </span&gt<address><span>555 Grove St.</span&gt<span>, </span&gt<span>Herndon</span&gt<span>, </span&gt<span>Virginia</span&gt</address&gt<span>." So I said, "OK the Saudis are terrorists, so what?" These charities fund Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, Hezbollah, al Qaeda. The Saudis are getting tax deductions for terrorism. They have set up front groups so all the terrorists groups in the </span&gt<span>U.S.</span&gt<span> and the front groups get the Saudi money as a charitable donation.

I said, "You’re kidding me." Nope. And they told me that right near where I lived in </span&gt<span>Tampa</span&gt<span>, </span&gt<span>Florida</span&gt<span> was one of the leading terrorists in the world. There were these two professors at the </span&gt<span>University</span&gt<span> of </span&gt<span>South Florida</span&gt<span>. One had just left - - and he was now in </span&gt<span>Syria</span&gt<span> - - and he was the world head of Islamic Jihad. His number two, the head of Islamic Jihad in the </span&gt<span>Western Hemisphere</span&gt<span>, was Dr. Sami al-Arian, who is still employed as a professor at the </span&gt<span>University</span&gt<span> of </span&gt<span>South Florida</span&gt<span>. You’ve got to be kidding. This can’t be true. Yes, these guys are raising money all across </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span> and shipping it to </span&gt<span>Syria</span&gt<span> to go down to </span&gt<span>Palestine</span&gt<span>, the Palestinian areas, and hire suicide bombers to kill Jews.

They sent me the video tapes. There was Professor al-Arian on stage and one of his friends gets up and says, "Now, who will give me $500 to kill a Jew? There are people standing by in </span&gt<span>Jerusalem</span&gt<span> who will go out in the street and stab a Jew with a knife, but we need $500." And he said, "All of this money will go to the Islamic committee for </span&gt<span>Palestine</span&gt<span>." And that is the front group in the </span&gt<span>United States</span&gt<span> for the Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

So I had all my friends in the FBI and CIA send in these files. I said, "Why haven’t you prosecuted this guy? You’ve known about him since 1989." "We’d love to. We’ve tried to prosecute him but we were told we couldn’t touch him because he gets all of his money from the Saudis, and we are all under orders not to do anything to embarrass the Saudi government." I said, "I don’t mind embarrassing them."

You know what I did? I donated money to the charity that was the terrorist fund, because under </span&gt<span>Florida</span&gt<span> law, that gave me the right to sue the charity to find out where my money was going. It was hilarious. In early March, 2002, I drafted a long lawsuit exposing Professor Sami al-Arian, naming all the crimes he’d committed, all the bombings in Israel, the fundraising in America with terrorism. I mentioned how his money got to him from the Saudis and how the Saudis had convinced our government not to prosecute him for political reasons. Because of my high-level security clearances, everything I write is sort of classified material and has to be sent back to the government before publication, for censorship. So I sent my long lawsuit complaint to the CIA, and they loved it. They said, "Oh, great. We don’t like the Saudis either. Go sue them."

Three days later two FBI Agents showed up at my door, saying, "You know, there are only 21 people in the </span&gt<span>U.S.</span&gt<span> government that knew some of this information, and now you’re 22. How did you find out?" I said, "I’m sorry, I can’t tell you, attorney-client privilege." That’s why my clients pay me $1.00 each.

The day before I went to file the lawsuit, I got a frantic phone call from the United States Department of Justice. They said, "John, please don’t file the lawsuit tomorrow. We really are going to raid these Saudi charities. We’re going to close them down. Just give us more time." "Oh yeah, you’re going to raid them. That’s what you told me in January - - and again in February, and now it’s March. You want more time? I’ll give you until </span&gt<span>4:00 o’clock</span&gt<span> tomorrow. I’m filing my complaint at </span&gt<span>10:00 a.m.</span&gt<span>, so that at </span&gt<span>4:00 p.m.</span&gt<span>, I’m going to release the address of the Saudi charities. Back tomorrow. I filed my lawsuit at </span&gt<span>10:00 o’clock</span&gt<span>, and told the press I was going to hold something back for a little bit. At </span&gt<span>10:15</span&gt<span>, the U.S. Government launched Operation Greenquest, a massive raid on all the Saudi charities in homes and businesses, and in one hour we shut down the entire Saudi money- laundering network in </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span>.

From </span&gt<span>March 20, 2002</span&gt<span> to the present, the government has found more and more evidence seized in those archives on that single raid that day. The evidence was so compelling that Professor al-Arian is no longer giving his speeches. He is now in federal prison awaiting trial. His accomplice, Hammoudeh, has also been indicted. Some 32 different people have been indicted in the </span&gt<span>United States</span&gt<span> as a direct result of these efforts.

But not the Saudis - - not the Saudis. A month after I filed my lawsuit against al-Arian, I did it: I caused some trouble. I invited some 40 of the top trial lawyers in </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span> to come down to </span&gt<span>St. Petersburg</span&gt<span>, </span&gt<span>Florida</span&gt<span>. Boy, did I have a deal for them. I wanted them to put up millions of dollars of their own money - I’m poor, I had no money to give them - - but I wanted to do something for </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span>. These are lawyers like Ron Motley that had won billions of dollars in their lawsuits against the tobacco industry and the asbestos industry. I said, "What I want you to do is look at the evidence I’ve collected. It’s the same Saudi banks and charities that funded Sami al-Arian that also funded al Qaeda." I said, "I want you to bring a class action in Federal Court in </span&gt<span>Washington</span&gt<span> on behalf of everyone who died on Sept. 11th. I’m going to work for free and collect all the evidence, introduce you to the experts, provide all the exhibits and documents . . . and we have to do this for </span&gt<span>America</span&gt<span>." The lawyers studied all the documents I collected, and on </span&gt<span>August 15, 2002</span&gt<span>, they filed the largest class-action lawsuit in American history in the </span&gt<address><span>Federal District Court</span&gt</address&gt<span> in </span&gt<span>Washington</span&gt<span> </span&gt<span>D.C.</span&gt<span>, asking for one trillion dollars damages against the Saudis.

The lawsuit said essentially that all these Saudi banks had one thing in common. They were bribing Osama bin Ladin 300 million dollars a year to stay out of </span&gt<span>Saudi Arabia</span&gt<span> and go blow up someone else. Well, on 911, we found out we were someone else, and the Saudis had to pay for their negligence. So that lawsuit is coming along very well.

And more and more people in the CIA and FBI are sort of using me as a back channel to get our information. So, believe it or not, they’ve actually given me my own TV show now on Sunday mornings on FOX TV nationwide. I’m on at </span&gt<span>11:20</span&gt<span> eastern standard time. And ABC Radio has given me a national radio program, but I’m on at </span&gt<span>10:30</span&gt<span> at night and it’s past your bedtime.

What I’ve become in my old age is a teacher. Twenty-five years ago I was a lot younger, a lot thinner, but now every day I get 500 to 1,000 e-mails from honest men and women around the world from the intelligence community. And we have to end the evil in this world. We have to recognize that al Qaeda simply didn’t spring up on its own. The evil route was Nazism. The al Qaeda Doctrine is the same as the Arab Nazis held. They hated Jews, they hate democracy, and they hate Westerners for Western culture. Al Qaeda is nothing more than the religious __expression of Arab Fascism. We allowed this branch of the Nazi trunk to survive, to flourish, and it has come back to haunt us.</span&gt

It almost seems as if you (I have not read the book yet anyways and it does indeed look like an excellent one on an excellent topic) have written a top notch historical account regarding the blowback from our fear of the communist "monster" which only created an "extremist islam monster" in the long term, but that you then use this historical work to somehow try to suggest that current policy is wrong.  While it may very well be that our blunder caused the mess but that now that we have the mess we must clean it up rather than abandon the mess.  And I don't think the history and your final analysis of what needs to be done now correlate with absolute certainty at all.

"It can withdraw from Iraq, and so remove the most important recruiting tool that Al Qaeda has."

This is highly controversial of course, for instance, since withdrawing from Iraq prematurely might just as well invite terrorists as they would have a better chance of overthrowing the democracy and installing a taliban-like regime.  And since everyone in the U.S. Government wants to withdraw from Iraq when the time is right at least if not prematurely.  Or in other words, denying that we have a mess in Iraq.  Rather than owning up to the responsibility where if you create a mess you must stay the course and clean up the mess before withdrawing.  Which is what we are doing as we speak.

"It can vastly reduce its military presence in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Persian Gulf."

This idea makes more sense to me than the withdraw from Iraq prematurely idea, although I don't think there is any certainty with this policy either.  It would appease Osama bin Laden's request, but then what happens?  What is next on Osama's agenda when we do get out of the middle east?  Or in other words, why does Osama (and extremist islam) want us out of the middle east?  I had considered this simple response to Osama's request, when another commenter replied "the snowball might be too far down the hill" for us to get out of the middle east.  And that commenter I am afraid may in fact be plain right. 

Yeah, in the short term, that may seem like a correct strategy. And as a means of maintaining a favorable balance of power it still might be. But in terms of stopping Islamic radicalism and terrorism, it is clearly not a good strategy. What, ultimately, is and should be the US's objective?

In Arab countries essentially the entire population is opposed to the idea of Arab Muslims being forced to permanently leave their homes to make way for a Jewish majority nation.

As often as not, Palestinian Arabs got out of the way of invading Arab armies advancing on the newly established state of Israel.  Not long after their defeat, many Arab League member nations deported their Jewish populations.  By now it should be apparent that only the most rigid fundamentalist war-mongers (among the principal parties to the conflict, and interested third parties as well) maintain that Jewish and Arab national rights in former British Mandatory Palestine are mutually exclusive.

As often as not, Palestinian Arabs got out of the way of invading Arab armies advancing on the newly established state of Israel. 

As you know, the region allotted to create a Jewish state in 1947 had more Arabs than Jews.

As you know, the armed Zionists intended to remove Arabs to create a majority Jewish state and everyone there at the time knew this also.

By now it should be apparent that only the most rigid fundamentalist war-mongers

I've seen silly ad-hominem attacks.  I know silly ad-hominem attacks.  I've even made silly ad-hominem attacks.  This is definitely a silly ad-hominem attack.

Jewish and Arab national rights in former British Mandatory Palestine are [not] mutually exclusive.

Now this is actually progress.  It seems that there are very few Zionists left who advocate a Palestinian state being Jordan.  That was not the case 15 years ago.

Fifteen years from now, I hope Zionism will have gone all the way to Apartheid's dustbin of history.
Mr Dreyfuss,
Thank you for writing this book and I look forward to reading it.
 
I agree with your comments, that the:
 
“…United States…can start by not making things worse. It can withdraw from Iraq, and so remove the most important recruiting tool that Al Qaeda has. It can vastly reduce its military presence in the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Persian Gulf. It can work to reduce irritants that anger Muslims and fuel hatred and bitterness, above all by facilitating the creation of a viable Palestinian state and by working to ease conflicts on the fringes of the Muslim world, from the Philippines to Indonesia to Kashmir to Sudan.”
 
In addition, I would include vastly reducing, if not eliminating, the U.S. military presence in Europe and Japan. U.S. Middle East policy didn’t happen in isolation but sprung from the impulse of Manifest Destiny, a complex phrase that encompasses many themes such as extending democracy to other nations and expanding U.S. territory and economic markets.
 
The problems with U.S. ME policy include, as you point out, unintended consequences (blowback). And if one views U.S. foreign policy in more broad terms as William Appleman Williams did in “The Tragedy of American Diplomacy,” one may see that in attempting to carry "civilization and liberty to...the world" we can cripple our own principles and institutions.
 
The best way to spread freedom and compassion worldwide is by non-military diplomacy, assistance and example and the best example should be the United States. Cutting programs such as student loans, health care and food stamps to help pay for an illegal war is not the best way to achieve this. Instead, Congress should be paring down the military budget, direct corporate subsidies, and tax cuts which benefit the wealthy.

Zionista and also other pro-Israel posters and especially readers who are not interested either way in that flame war:

I want to apologize for my contribution to turning this into a general pro v anti Zionism flame war.

My point was not that the Arabs are right.  I think the Arabs are right and I have argued it before and will again, but not here any more.  That is not the point I was trying to make here though I was unfortunately sidetracked in my last comment.

My point is that an anti-Zionist position is mainstream in all Arab countries so the US does not have the choice of backing a mainstream indigenous pro-Zionist side in intra-Arab disputes.

That option did not exist and doesn't really exist now.

So the options have been to either back a side that if it grows will produce "blowback" or to allow whatever side is ahead to create more cohesive and powerful anti-Zionist states - which is a bigger form of blowback.

Fundamentally, when you support a country that is rejected by every other country in the region you have to play blowback management.  There really is no other choice.

FHD-

I rated your comment as a "2" because of its length and its tendency to drift off-topic.  The formatting didn’t help, either.  It looks like you have some good things to say — but in the future, please just link to the speech.  Maybe give us a few excerpts.  Regardless, be certain to explain WHY you think it’s relevant.

That said, welcome to the Cafe! 

My point is that an anti-Zionist position is mainstream in all Arab countries so the US does not have the choice of backing a mainstream indigenous pro-Zionist side in intra-Arab disputes.

How about supporting practical solutions all around?  Israel found a way to defend itself even before it received US aid.  It won't stop defending itself if you become king of America and cut it off.  Some Arab leaders understand this, and even appreciate that normalizing relations with Israel may even benefit the region.  Honestly, the best and only thing the Bush administration has done is to explicitly support the idea of Palestinian national rights.  Not even Carter and Clinton ever uttered the words state and Palestine together in public. 

Pressure Sharon to quit the settlements?  Yes, please!  Settlement expansion is not mainstream opinion among Israelis.  But, like anywhere, Israeli political leaders have a knack for exploiting fear and insecurity to push their issues.  The Israeli right has security and land issues to leverage their following, and Arab despots have "Zionist aggression" to leverage theirs (as Bush-Cheney has activist judges, homosexual agendas, and the librul media to leverage theirs).  

The ultimate goal of Zionism was never to "conquer" the Middle East.  Zionism is about Jewish national rights, not "speical rights" for Jews.  The ultimate goal of Zionism is the reintegration of the Jewish people in its historic homeland with all the national dignity it deserves.  That is as insidious as the reality of Zionism gets.  If you maintain the Jews do not deserve their national rights, then be prepared to try exterminating the Jews again.

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