Observations from Jakarta
While Karen Hughes was on her listening tour in the Middle East last week, Ivo and I conducted our own listening tour in Indonesia. We were in Jakarta to run a workshop for Indonesian officials looking for ideas on how to improve their government’s internal coordination process. Before we talked about organizational charts and paper flows, the Indonesians wanted to talk about U.S. foreign policy. They had plenty to say. Much of it wasn’t flattering.
The good news was that everyone in the room wanted the Indonesian Government to get better at stopping terrorists. Although we wrapped up our meetings just before the suicide bombings in Bali, the Indonesians were worried about just such an attack.
The bad news was that virtually everyone we spoke with thought that the Bush administration had made it harder for Indonesia to get tough on terrorists. A question that came up time and again was, “How do we convince our fellow Indonesians of the need to take action against terrorists when they see the United States as a terrorist nation?”
Such questions don’t yield easily to discussions of fact and logic. Citing how the United States liberated Kuwait, or came to the aid of Muslims in Bosnia and Kosovo, or freed Iraqi Kurds and Shia from Saddam Hussein’s oppression made no discernible impact. Indonesians are angry over Iraq, and that anger colors how they see (and remember) U.S. foreign policy. It was telling that we frequently heard about the “illegal” U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. Few seemed to recall that the United States had the right of self-defense under international law or that the Taliban ignored a UN Security Council resolution directing all states to deny safe havens to terrorists.
There’s no quick fix for this problem. Karen Hughes-style “listening tours” aren’t going to help and may even hurt. The Indonesians can recognize a PR event for what it is. They don’t want to hear talk about how our virtue is misunderstood, or that we are “Moms” and “Dads” just like them.
What could make a difference is if they see genuine American help on the issues that affect them—issues that go far beyond counterterrorism. Given that Indonesia has a population of 245 million and a new democracy in the works, some good-old fashioned American engagement—less talk, more action, and more cooperation—could have a big payoff.
And before anyone posts to say that the Indonesians are ingrates, they aren’t. They are profoundly grateful for the generosity of the U.S. Government and the American people after last year’s tsunami. But their gratitude doesn’t mean they owe us a free pass for everything we choose to do.
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Comments (10)
Invaluable to have your input and interpretation of what you heard, especially this:
Although we wrapped up our meetings just before the suicide bombings in Bali, the Indonesians were worried about just such an attack.
and this:
They are profoundly grateful for the generosity of the U.S. Government and the American people after last year's tsunami. But their gratitude doesn't mean they owe us a free pass for everything we choose to do.
Thank you.
October 3, 2005 11:30 AM | Reply | Permalink
And before anyone posts to say that the Indonesians are ingrates, they aren't. They are profoundly grateful for the generosity of the U.S. Government and the American people after last year's tsunami.
The problem isn't that Indonesians are ingrates; the problem is they are just some more durn ferners, to be ignored or verbally ridiculed with all the other dern ferners, like the French, who dare to criticize U.S. foreign (furin) policy.
After Katrina, and during Iraq, I still fear that America is, at its heart, an arrogant power not at all receptive to criticism, especially from abroad. Much like Bush himself, Americans would much rather hear praise and flattery than criticism, even necessary, constructive criticism. And we're wealthy and powerful enough to afford the conceit -- for now.
October 3, 2005 11:34 AM | Reply | Permalink
And we're wealthy and powerful enough to afford the conceit -- for now.
America has always been this way. Read de Tocquevile, for example.
It exhibits itself in an almost isolationist attitude, and lack of interest in what's going on with furriners (the 'ugly American',) lack of desire for foreign aid except for disaster relief, partially because furriners are what grandpa and grandma were and they always said the old country was no good.
That only changes when there's an attack on American soil.
The original George had the pulse on the general direction his gang was going to take this; here's a couple of excerpts just randomly picked, but heck, read the whole thing, it's still very good:
Actually, what's interesting is what Lindsay is reporting: that they still give a damn about what our foreign policy is after all we've done to the American exceptionalist myth in the eyes of the other over the last few years. They still think we're capable of saving the world as well as ruining it. Americans are actually usually less inclined to believe that.
October 3, 2005 12:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
I'm sure they also wouldn't mind us backing off of hounding them for the brutal methods they've used in places like East Timor, Papua and Aceh.
I do agree with the post, however, that it's going to take sometimes icky allies like the Indonesian military to help us move the ball forward in disrupting extremists from putting down roots. Let's just make sure that, in addition to avoiding terrorist-manufacturing debacles like the Iraq war in the future, we don't once again give carte blanche to entities like the Indonesian military whose own goals, while paying lip service to the "War on Terror," are more self-serving than not.
October 3, 2005 12:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
Few seemed to recall that the United States had the right of self-defense under international law or that the Taliban ignored a UN Security Council resolution directing all states to deny safe havens to terrorists.
Let's not be too hard on the ignorant Indonesians for their lack of recall. After all, many scholars of international law have evidenced quite as much difficulty in "recalling" that the attack on Afghanistan was legally justified under the UN Charter on self-defence.
Applying this rule, when the suicide bombers attacked the twin towers in New York City and even the Pentagon in Washington D.C., those attacks were acts of aggression. Under international law, the United States could take military action in self-defense. But also under international law, American military action should have been limited to the rejection of the aggression. This means that American action was limited by international law to the staging of military strikes against the perceived sources of aggression, which are the al-Qaeda camps. It is illegal for the U.S. to engage in prolonged military occupation of Afghanistan.
Nor was there unanimous agreement that the UNSC Resolutions provided legal basis for the invasion:
No honest reading of these [resolutions' could possibly conclude that they authorize the use of force. They condemn the attacks of September 11 and take a whole host of measures to suppress terrorism, especially SR 1373 which has two dozen operative paragraphs outlining legislative, administrative and judicial measures for the suppression of terrorism and its financing, and for co-operation between states in security, intelligence, investigations and criminal proceedings. The resolution sets up a committee of all its members to monitor progress on the measures in the resolution and has given all states 90 days to report back to it. But not once does either of these resolutions mention military force or anything like it. They don?t even mention Afghanistan by name. Nor do they use the accepted formula "all necessary means" of Resolution 678 of November 29, 1990 by which the Security Council authorized the Gulf War of 1991.
Let's be clear that I'm not trying to argue that among legal scholars there is universal concord on the question of the legality of the Afghan War. What is clear however is that - contra your piece - it is quite possible to be fully acquainted with the facts surrounding the invasion and still come to the conclusion that it was illegal.
You are never going to be able to draw much valuable insight into the mindset of Indonesians or anyone else for that matter if you embark on a "listening tour" with fixed misconceptions about their take on the world.
I wonder how many of them left the workshop shaking their heads over your lack of recall on the technicalities that preceded the US invasion of Afghanistan. Perhaps your lack of recall that the Taliban offered to hand over Bin Laden if evidence implicating him was furnished to them (an offer rejected by the Bush administration who chose to bomb instead) might be one example they'd find difficult to justify?
October 3, 2005 12:23 PM | Reply | Permalink
Is the US still in a position to hound countries over human rights abuses? after Abu Ghraib and Gitmo?
October 3, 2005 1:09 PM | Reply | Permalink
Of course we can expound on American democracy, after all, it was just a few "rogue" grunts responsible for the abuses at Abu Ghraib.
October 3, 2005 2:12 PM | Reply | Permalink
Did just a few 'rogue grunts' come up with the concept and construction of Gitmo all by their own selves?
October 3, 2005 2:29 PM | Reply | Permalink
I can't help but wonder if the Indonesians would be willing to overlook the dubious nature of our invasion of Afghanistan if we had been more competent in execution and outcome.
This is another reminder, and consequence, of the Bushies' obsession with Iraq.
If the neocons truly believed that a functioning democracy in the region would be an example to others, they would have concentrated their efforts in Afghanistan. Instead, we now have a failed narco-state, the creeping resurgence of the Taliban, our hand-picked surrogate Karzai under constant threat, unpredictable warlords dominating the countryside and our own troops there virtually forgotten by us but not by Muslims who are watching closely.
I'm sure most Americans believe that our invasion of Afghanistan was well within our rights of self-defense and, at the time, we certainly had the support of most of the world despite areas of questionable legality.
The tragedy, to me, is that we might have lifted the Afghanis--who had suffered so much under the Soviets, the warlords and the Taliban--into a better world if we had devoted the energy, thought and resources they deserved. It was always a long shot, given Afghanistan's ethnic divisions and history of strife, but our half-hearted effort doomed us to failure from the start.
October 4, 2005 6:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
"...some good-old fashioned American engagement—less talk, more action, and more cooperation—could have a big payoff."
What interests me is that appears to be exactly what you and your colleague were doing there. I would be very interested to hear more about the workshop on government you were running and what your conclusions were. Are they (the Indonesians) on the path of more effective and accountable government? That would reassure me, in regards to fighting terrorism, far more than any policy the Bush Administration could take at this point.
By the way, just how does a government like Indonesia improve it's internal coordination? How do we help them?
October 4, 2005 8:57 AM | Reply | Permalink