It's Good to Read the Book
It's a bit strange to see a book's core thesis misstated in a generally positive review, but what else is one to make of this from Wendy Shalit reviewing Ariel Levy's Female Chauvinist Pigs in The Wall Street Journal:
How did this happen? Why did feminism sell its soul to the sexual-liberation movement in the first place? After all, the original feminists were fighting to be taken seriously. Hugh Hefner, by contrast, said that his ideal girl "resembles a bunny . . . vivacious, jumping--sexy." There seems to be a contradiction here.
Ms. Levy's answer is that, after a brief and failed fight against pornography, feminism joined forces with Hef & Co. to fight for abortion rights. This is a plausible explanation, as far as it goes. Abortion has indeed assumed a primary importance in both feminist "rights" thinking and in the whole culture of soft-core libertinism: Mr. Hefner is a big fan of abortion, for obvious reasons.
That's not what the book says at all. I can't think of a better way to capture this than with some fairly extensive quotations (reliance on such blogospheric techniques seems to be hampering my ability to write proper book reviews, but this is a blog) which you'll find below:
Roe and the legalization of the birth control pill -- both of which were crucial to feminists -- were both helped by funding from Hefner. In 1970, the Playboy Foundation hired a consultant named Cyril Means, a professor of constitutional law at New York University, to file amicus curiae, or friend of the court, briefs in two abortion cases: Doe v. Bolton in Georgia and Roe v. Wade in Texas. Both cases ultimately went before the U.S. Supreme Cort and were, for all practical purposes, consolidated when the ruling was handed down in Roe.
The Playboy Foundation also gave grant money to NOW's Legal Defense and Education Fund and supported the ERA; Hefner personally hosted a fundraiser for it at the Playboy Mansion. "I was a feminist before there was such a thing as feminism!" Hefner has said. A mutual friend even tried to set him up on a date with Gloria Steinem before the became famous. (It didn't work out.) [pages 55-56]
In the late seventies, a prominent splinter group of activists, including [Susan] Brownmiller, Gloria Steinem, Shere Hite, Robin Moran, the poet Adrienne Rich, and the writers Grace Paley and Audre Lorde, turned their attention to fighting pornograpy. [page 60]
Rifts deepened in 1983, when Catharine MacKinnon, a radical feminist legal scholar at the University of Minnesota, and Andrew Dworkin, a visiting professor with a fondness for overalls who has authored the controversial books Woman Hating (1974) and Pornography: Men Possessing Women (1981), drafted a city ordinance positioning porn as a civil rights violation against women. Their ordinance was twice vetoed by the mayor of Minneapolis, but Dworkin and MacKinnon were subsequently summoned by the city council of Indianapolis, Indiana, which was eager to rid their city of smut and wanted the antiporn feminists' help. [pages 63-64]
Long story short, the "brief and failed fight against pornography" was after not before "feminism joined forces with Hef & Co. to fight for abortion rights." That aside, both Levy and Shalit (in different ways) seem to me to be overly impressed with the alleged irony that feminists had and have some overlap of interest with people and movements that, fundamentally, are anti-feminist. But how weird is that, really? Not very. People work together on some stuff and disagree on other stuff -- it's pretty banal. Back to the point, to simultaneously misstate a book's thesis and some very uncontroversial chronological matters strikes me as pretty bad work.












For a good laugh, go visit James Wolcott's 2004 observations on Wendy Shalit and her sister Ruth, the "dimunitive mantrap".
"... Wendy, whose ghost-pale complexion and demure demeanor had older men splashing on the Aqua Velva and lining up to "mentor" her. Her doll-like features and little-girl voice brought out the Humbert Humbert in them ..."
Wolcott remarked that Wendy Shalit was always ready to be "quoted whenever some pop star did something trampy."
September 21, 2005 2:52 PM | Reply | Permalink
Surely Shalit should win some kind of prize for having written the book review with the most singularly disqualifying first graf I've ever read:
"Ariel Levy attended Wesleyan University in the 1990s, and she doesn't feel the better for it. It was a place where "group sex, to say nothing of casual sex, was de rigueur." It was a place where they had "coed showers, on principle." When Ms. Levy suggested to a department head that it would be nice to have at least one course in the traditional literary canon, she was dismissed with icy contempt. Yet elsewhere on campus a professor of the humanities taught a course on pornography featuring, um, detailed textual analysis."
The reviewer's first reaction to this account, if this is indeed what Levy is saying, should be a long, long horselaugh, followed by questions about how 'de rigueur" the group sex was (obviously French wasn't de rigueur, at least at the school Shalit attended), followed by a glance at the course schedule posted by the Wesleyan English department just to see if, by some miracle, there really was no course in the traditional literary canon. It would be hard to create such an English department -- definitely hard to hire the faculty for one. However, checking for evidence on a statement like that is showing a lack of faith, and as we know, in the very deep rightwing swamps where the Wall Street Journal's opinion page keeps its redoubt, lack of faith is tantamount to treason.
Surely Shalit's successful career so far puts Chauncey Gardner's to shame. It almost makes one think that lobotomies are 'de rigueur" among conservative columnists.
September 21, 2005 3:10 PM | Reply | Permalink
Good point, rogergathman. Let's see, " target="_blank">what do we have here--English Renaissance Drama, King Lear and The Tempest: The Worlds of Tragedy and Romance, Henry David Thoreau: His Art and Thought in Relation to His Times, American Literature from the Colonial Period to the Civil War, Shakespeare, Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Medieval Romances, The British Enlightenment, Epic Tradition, Renaissance Plays and Poems: The Tudor Period, Who's Melville? Close Readings of Melville's Major Works, British Modernist Fiction,--to take a very narrow view of what might acceptable canon-fodder. Bad work all around.
September 21, 2005 6:09 PM | Reply | Permalink
Playboy, Penthouse, and even Hustler contained ARTICLES. (Nobody read them, but that's another issue.) And these articles were often by feminist authors. These magazines were some of the first to give a widespread audience to feminist erotica. They were an early voice in favor of the rights of sex workers. They spoke out in favor of gay and lesbian rights. And yes, they opposed restrictive abortion laws long before this was fashionable. (None of this is to say that there wasn't plenty of sexism in these magazines. But you could find plenty of sexism in "mainstream" magazines of the day too-- and without any of the feminist advocacy.)
What happened is that since that time, the two movements have gone in different directions. Many feminists-- spurred on by MacKinnon and Dworkin-- now take a more critical eye towards the sexual objectification of women. Meanwhile, porn has gotten much more formulaic and extreme, with more choices for its mostly male audience. As a result, men can choose not to buy the publications with enlightening articles in them, which reflected the idiosyncratic and sometimes feminist tendencies of their publishers, in favor of dvd's and website subscriptions featuring wall-to-wall sex of the most degrading sorts.
But make no mistake, pornographers used to be, on the whole, one of the more pro-feminist elements in society, not simply because their interests sometimes coincided with those of the feminist movement but because many of the early pornographers saw what they were doing as consonant with the broader goal of liberating women.
September 22, 2005 1:28 AM | Reply | Permalink
And, uh, let's not be prude here -- porn isn't fundamentally anti-feminist to begin with. It can be, in some cases it is, but it doesn't have to be and in many cases it isn't.
September 22, 2005 8:56 AM | Reply | Permalink
Matthew,
You are completely correct if you're talking about the past 40 years. But if you're talking about long-term history, then Wendy Shalit is correct. The early feminists were pro-modesty (read The 2nd Sex) and but eventually they gave up their fight against porn and joined in. Though a few never did, which Levy talks about more.
And just because Hef says he's a feminist doesn't MAKE him one, right?
But Wendy does have very pale skin, I saw her once on C-SPAN.
What did you think of Levy's main thesis, though (that women are trying to be Chavinist Pigs?)
Gail
September 23, 2005 1:19 PM | Reply | Permalink